References

Anderson, G. R. (1997). Introduction: Achieving permanency for all children in the child welfare system. In G. R. Anderson, A. Ryan, & B. Leashore (Eds.), The challenge of permanency planning in a multicultural society (pp. 1-8). New York: Haworth Press, Inc.

Ards, S., Chung, C., & Myers, S. (1998). The effects of sample selection bias on racial differences in child abuse reporting. Child Abuse and Neglect, 22 (2), 103-115.

Ards, S., Chung, C., & Myers, S. (1999). The effects of sample selection bias on racial differences in child abuse reporting. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23 (12), 1211-1215.

Barth, R.P. (1994). Adoption research: Building blocks for the next decade. Child Welfare, 73 (5), 625-638.

Barth, R.P. (1997). Family reunification. Child Welfare Research Review, 2, 109-122.

Barth, R.P., Goodhand, J., & Dickinson, N.S. (2000). Reconciling competing values in the delivery of child welfare services under ASFA, MEPA, and community-based child protection. In Changing Paradigms of Child Welfare Practice: Responding to Opportunities and Challenges. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the Child Welfare Training Conference at the Children's Bureau, Washington, DC.

Barth, R.P., & Miller, J.M. (2001). Children of color in the child welfare system: Toward explaining their disproportionate involvement in comparison to their numbers in the general population. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, School of Social Work.

Barth, R.P., Webster, D., & Lee, S. (2000). Adoption of American Indian children in Arizona. (Unpublished paper)

Beeman, S., & Boisen, L. (1999). Child welfare professionals' attitudes toward kinship foster care. Child Welfare, 78 (3), 315- 338.

Beeman, S., Wattenberg, E., Boisen, L., & Bullerdick, S. (1996). Kinship foster care in Minnesota: A study of three counties. Minnesota University, Minneapolis Center for the Advanced Studies in Child Welfare.

Benedict, M.I., Zuravin, S., & Stallings, R.Y. (1996). Adult functioning of children who lived in kin versus nonrelative family foster homes. Child Welfare, 75 (5), 529-549.

Berrick, J.D., Barth, R.P., & Gilbert, N. (1997). Child welfare research review. New York: Columbia University Press.

Bess, R., Andrews, C., Jantz, A., Russell, V., & Geen, R. (2003). The cost of protecting vulnerable children III. Occasional Paper #61. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.

Billingsley, A., & Giovannonni, J. (1972). Children of the storm: Black children and American child welfare. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.

Boyd-Franklin, N. (2003). Race, class, and poverty. In F. Walsh (Ed.), Normal family processes: a growing diversity and complexity (pp. 260-279). New York: Guilford Press.

Britner, P. A., & Mossler, D. G. (2002). Professionals' decision making about out-of-home placements following instances of child abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect: The International Journal, 26 (4), 317-332.

Brooks, D., Barth, R.P., Bussiere, A., & Patterson, G. (1999). Adoption and race: Implementing the multi-ethnic placement act and the inter-ethnic adoption provisions. Social Work, 44 (2), 67-77.

Brooks, D., & James, S. (2003). Willingness to adopt black foster children: Implications for child welfare policy and recruitment of adoptive families. Children and Youth Services Review, 25 (5-6), 463-489.

Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G.J., & Aber, J.L. (1997). Neighborhood Poverty. New York: Russel Sage.

Carter-Black, J. (2002). Transracial adoption and foster care placement: Worker perception and attitude.Child Welfare, 81 (2), 337-370.

Chasnoff, I.J., Landress, H.J., & Barrett, M.E. (1990). The prevalence of illicit drug and alcohol use during pregnancy and discrepancies in mandatory reporting in Pine County, Florida. New England Journal of Medicine, 322, 1202-1206.

Chipungu, S. S., Everett, J.E., Verdieck, M.J., & Jones, J. (1998). Children placed in foster care with relatives: A multi-state study. Washington, DC: Administration on Children, Youth, and Families (DHHS).

Courtney, M.E. (1995). The foster care crisis and welfare reform: How might reform efforts affect the foster care system? Public Welfare, 53 (3), 27-33, 40-41.

Courtney, M.E. (1997). The politics and realities of transracial adoption. Child Welfare, 76 (6), 749-779.

Courtney, M.E., Barth, R.P., Berrick, J., Brooks, D., Needell, B., & Park, L. (1996). Race and child welfare services: Past research and future directions. Child Welfare, 75 (2), 99-137.

Courtney, M.E., & Wong, Y. (1996). Comparing the timing of exits from substitute care. Children and Youth Services Review, 18 (4,5), 307-334.

Davis, L.E., & Gelsomino, J. (1994). An assessment of practitioner cross-racial treatment experiences. Social Work, 39 (1), 116-123.

Deater-Deckard, K., & Dodge, K. A. (1997). Externalizing behavior problems and discipline revisited: Nonlinear effects and variation by culture, context, and gender. Psychological Inquiry, 8, 161-175.

Devore, W., & Schlesinger, E.G. (1996). Ethnic-sensitive social work practice (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Dubowitz, H., Feigelman, S., Harrington, D., Starr, R., Zuravin, S., & Sawyer, R. (1994). Children in kinship care: How do they fare? Children and Youth Services Review, 16, 85-106.

Eckenrode, J., Powers, J., Doris, J., Munsch, J., & Bolger, N. (1988). Substantiation of child abuse and neglect reports. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56 (1), 9-16.

Ehrle, J., & Geen, R. (2002). Kin and non-kin foster care: Findings from a national survey. Children and Youth Services Review, 24 (1-2), 15-35.

English, R.A., & Brown, A.W. (1997). Education and preparation of a culturally competent workforce. In A.J. Carten & J.R. Dumpson (Eds.) Removing risks from children: shifting the paradigm (pp. 63-80). Silver Spring, MD: Beckham House Publishers, Inc.

Everett, J.E. (1995). Child foster care. In R. Edwards, (Ed.)., Encyclopedia of Social Work, (vol. 1). Maryland: NASW Press.

Everett, J.E., Chipungo, S.S., & Leashore, B.R. (1993). Child welfare: An africentric perspective. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Fletcher, B. (1997). Same-race practice: Do we expect too much or too little? Child Welfare, 76 (1), 213-237.

Gammon, R. (2001). Racial and socioeconomic bias in social workers' decisions regarding family reunification. Dissertation Abstracts International: Sciences and Engineering, 61 (11-B), 6132.

Garcia Coll, C., Lamberty, G., Jenkins, R., McAdoo, H., Crnic, K., Wasik, B., et al. (1996). An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children. Child Development, 67, 1891-1914.

Garcia Coll, C., & Magnuson, K. (1997). The psychological experience of immigration: A developmental perspective. In A. Booth, A. Crouter & N. Landale (Eds.) Immigration and the family: Research and policy on U.S. immigrants. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Garland, A.F., & Besinger, B.A. (1997). Racial-ethnic differences in court referred pathways to mental health services for children in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 19 (8), 651-666.

Garland, A.F., Ellis-MacLeod, E., Landsverk, J.A., Ganger, W., & Johnson, I. (1998). Minority populations in the child welfare system: the visibility hypothesis reexamined. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68 (1), 142-146.

Garland, A.F., Landsverk, J.A., & Lau, A.S. (2003). Racial/ ethnic disparities in mental health service use among children in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 25 (5/6), 491-507.

Gibbs, P. (1993). Growing up with adoption. (in press). Parenting Around the Hub Magazine. Child Welfare Information Gateway.

Giovannoni, J.M., & Billingsley, A. (1990). Child neglect among the poor: A study of parental adequacy in families of three ethnic groups. Child Welfare, 49, (4), 196-204.

Goerge, R. M., Bilaver, L., Lee, B., & Needell, B. (2002). Employment outcomes for youth aging out of foster care. Chapin Hall Center for Children, University of Chicago, IL.

Goerge, R., & Mackey-Bilaver, L. (2001). The effect of race on reunification from substitute care in Cook County. Paper presented at The Race Matters Forum sponsored by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Chevy Chase, MD.

Gryzlak, B., Wells, S., Johnson, M., & Ariana, A. M. (2001). The role of race in child protective services (CPS) screening decisions. Paper presented at The Race Matters Forum sponsored by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Chevy Chase, MD.

Harris, G., Tittle, G., & Poertner, J. (2001). Factors that predict the decision to place a child into substitute care. Paper presented at The Race Matters Forum sponsored by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Chevy Chase, MD.

Harris, M., & Courtney, M. (2003). The interaction of race, ethnicity, and family structure with respect to the timing of family reunification. Children and Youth Services Review, 25 (5-6), 409-429.

Harris, M.S., & Courtney, M.E. (2002, August). The interaction of race, ethnicity, and family structure with respect to the timing of family reunification. Paper presented at the Research Roundtable on Children of Color in Child Welfare, Washington, DC.

Hill, R. B. (2001). The role of race in foster care placements. Paper presented at The Race Matters Forum sponsored by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Chevy Chase, MD.

Jellinek, M.S., Little, M., Benedict, K., & Murphy, J.M. (1996). Placement outcomes of 206 severely maltreated children in the Boston juvenile court system: A 7.5-year follow-up study. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19 (9), 1051-1064.

Johnson, O., Rawle, M., Roberts, J., Morrill, W., & Ooms, T. (1995). Coordination, collaboration, integration: Strategies for serving families more effectively, Part two: State and local initiatives. Washington, DC: American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy.

Johnson, W. (1999). Race and the California family risk assessment. Paper presented at the 13th Annual CPS Risk Assessment Roundtable, San Francisco, CA.

Jones, J.F., Stevenson, K., Leung, P., & Cheung, K.M. (1995). Call to competence: Child protective services training and evaluation. Englewood, CO: American Humane Association.

Kagan, S.L., & Weissbourd, B. (Eds.). (1997). Putting families first: America's family support movement and the challenge of change. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.

Katz, L. (1999), Concurrent planning: Benefits and pitfalls. Child Welfare, 78 (1), 71-88.

Landsverk, J., Davis, I., Ganger, W., Newton, R., & Johnson, I. (1996). Impact of child psychosocial functioning on reunification from out-of-home placement. Children and Youth Services Review, 18 (4,5), 447-462.

Leadership Conference on Civil Rights. (2000). Justice on trial: Racial disparities in the American criminal justice system. Washington, DC: Leadership Conference on Civil Rights.

Littell, J.H., & Schuerman, J.R. (2002). What works best for whom? A closer look at intensive family preservation services. Children and Youth Services Review, 24 (9-10), 673-699.

Malik, N.M., Crowson, M.M., & Lederman, C.S. (2002). Evaluating maltreated infants, toddlers and preschoolers in dependency court. Infant Mental Health Journal, 23 (5), 576-592.

Maluccio, A., & Fein, E. (1989). An examination of long-term family foster care for children and youth. In J. Hudson & B. Galaway (Eds.). The state as parent. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

McLoyd, V.C. (1998). Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development. American Psychologist, 53 (2), 185-204.

McLoyd, V.C., & Smith, J. (2002). Physical discipline and behavior problems in African American, European American, and Hispanic children: Emotional support as a moderator. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64 (1), 40-53.

McMurty, S., & Lie, G. (1992). Differential exit rates of minority children in foster care. Social Work Research and Abstracts, 28 (1), 42-48.

McRoy, R.G. (1994). Attachment and racial identity issues: Implications for child placement decision making. Journal of Multicultural Social Work, 3 (3), 59-74.

McRoy, R.G., Zurcher, L., Lauderdale, M., & Anderson, R. (1984). The identity of transracial adopted people. Social Casework, 15, 34-39.

Mistry, R.S., Vandewater, E.A., Huston, A.C., & McLoyd, V.C. (2002). Economic well-being and children's social adjustment: The role of family process in an ethnically diverse low-income sample. Child Development, 73 (3), 935-952.

Morton, T.D. (1999). The increasing colorization of America's child welfare system: The overrepresentation of African American children. Policy and Practice, 57 (4), 23-30.

Needell, B., Brookhart, A., & Lee, S. (2002). Black children and foster care placement in California. Paper presented at the Research Roundtable on Children of Color in Child Welfare sponsored by the U. S. Children's Bureau, Washington, DC.

Needell, B., Brookhart, M., & Lee, S. (2003). Black children and foster care placement in California. Children and Youth Services Review, 25 (5-6), 409-429.

Needell, B., Webster, D., Cuccaro-Alamin, S., Armijo, M., Lee, S., & Brookhart, A. (2000). Performance indicators for child welfare services in California project. University of California at Berkeley: Center for Social Services Research.

Ogbu, J.U., & Simons, H.D. (1998). Voluntary and involuntary minorities: a cultural-ecological theory of school performance with some implications for education. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 29 (2), 155-188.

Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Pinderhughes, E.E. (1991). The delivery of child welfare services to African American clients. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61 (4), 599-605.

Roberts, D. (2002). Shattered bonds: The color of child welfare. New York: Civitas Books.

Rolock, N., & Testa, M. (2001). Indicated child abuse and neglect reports: Is the investigation process racially biased? Paper presented at the Race Matters Forum sponsored by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Chevy Chase, MD.

Rosenbaum, S., Proser, M., & Sonosky, C. (2001). Health policy and early child development: An overview. Washington, DC: George Washington University Medical Center, Center for Health Services Research and Policy.

Schmidt-Tieszen, A., & McDonald, T.P. (1998). Children who wait: Long term foster care or adoption? Children and Youth Services Review, 20 (1,2), 13-28.

Sedlak, A.J., & Broadhurst, D.D. (1996). Third national incidence study of child abuse and neglect, final report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect.

Sedlak, A.J., & Schultz, D. (2001). Race differences in child protective services investigation of abuse and neglected children. Paper presented at The Race Matters Forum sponsored by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Westat, Chevy Chase, MD.

Simon, R.J., & Alstein, H. (1992). Adoption, race and identity: from infancy through adolescence. New York: Praeger Publishers.

Steinberg, L., Dornbusch, S.M., & Brown, B.B. (1992). Ethnic differences in adolescent achievement: An ecological perspective. American Psychologist, 47 (6), 723-729.

Steinberg, L., Mounts, N., Lamborn, S., & Dornbusch, S. (1991). Authoritative parenting and adolescent adjustment across varied ecological niches. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1, 19-36.

Sue, D.W., & Sue, D. (1990). Counseling the culturally different. Theory and practice (p. 324). New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Terling, T. (1999). The efficacy of family reunification practices: Reentry rates and correlates of reentry for abused and neglected children reunited with their families. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23 (12), 1359-1370.

Testa, M. (2001). The changing significance of race and kinship for achieving permanency for foster children. Paper presented at The Race Matters Forum sponsored by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Chevy Chase, MD.

United States Bureau of the Census. (2001). Poverty statistics. Washington, DC.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

United States Bureau of the Census (2000). Presence of children under 18 years old—Households by total money income in 1999, type of household, race and Hispanic origin of householder. Washington, DC: United States Census Bureau.

United States Department of Health and Human Services (1998). The initiative to eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in health. Rockville, MD: National Institutes of Health.

United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2001). Mental health: Culture, race and ethnicity, A supplement to Mental Health: A report to the surgeon general. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Health.

United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2002). News release: HHS releases 2001 national statistics on child abuse and neglect. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

United States Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. (2003).The adoption and foster care analysis and reporting system. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

United States Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families. (2001). Adoption and foster care analysis and reporting system.

United States Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families. (2001). Child maltreatment 1999. Washington, DC.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

United States Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families. (2002). Summary of key findings from calendar year 2000.

United States General Accounting Office. (1994). Foster care: Parental drug abuse has alarming impact on young children (HEHS-94-89).

Usher, C.L., Gibbs, D.A., & Wildfire, J. B. (1995) A framework for planning, implementing, and evaluating child welfare reforms. Child Welfare, 74 (4), 859-876.

Usher, C.L., Wildfire, J.B., Brown, E.L., Duncan, D.F., Meier, A., Salmon, M.A., et al. (2002). Evaluation of the Title IV-E Waiver Demonstration in North Carolina. Chapel Hill, NC: Jordan Institute for Families, the University of North Carolina.

Wiebush, R., Freitag, R., & Baird, C. (2001). Preventing delinquency through improved child protection services. OJJDP Juvenile Justice Bulletin.

Wildfire, J. (2000). Experiences of children of color with child welfare in North Carolina. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina School of Social Work, Jordan Institute for Families.

Williams, C. (1997). Personal reflections on permanency planning and cultural competency. Journal of Multicultural Social Work, 5 (1-2), 9-18.

Wilson, W. (1987). The truly disadvantaged: The inner city, the underclass and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Wulczyn, F. (2000). Poverty, cash assistance, and child protection: Selected trends from 1990-1998. Chicago: Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago.

Wulczyn, F. (2004). Family reunification. In R. Behrman (Ed.), The future of children. Special Issue—Children, Families, and Foster Care, 14 (1), 95-114.

Wulczyn, F., Brunner, K., & George, R. (1999). A report from the multistate foster care data archive: Foster care dynamics, 1983-1997. Chicago: Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago.

Wulczyn, F., Kogan, J., & Dilts, J. (2001). The effects of population dynamics on performance measurement.Social Service Review, (75), 2, 292-317.

Wulczyn, F., Oberleke, B., & Haight, J. (2002). Placement outcomes, 1990-1999. A report from the multistate foster care data archive. (Unplublished report). Chicago: Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago.

Zambrana, R.E. (1998). Understanding latino families: Scholarship, policy, and practice. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

Zayas, L., Evans, M., Mejia, L., & Rodriguez, O. (1997). Cultural competency training for staff serving Hispanic families with a child in psychiatric risk. Families in Society, 78 (4), 405-412.

Zuravin, S., & DePanfilis, D. (1999). Predictors of child protective service intake decisions: Case closure, referral to continuing services, or foster care placement. In G. Curtis, G. Dale, & J. Kendall (Eds.). The foster care crisis: Translating research into policy and practice (pp. 63-83). Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.

(Back to Top)

(Previous)

This material may be freely reproduced and distributed. However, when doing so, please credit Child Welfare Information Gateway.