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Home > Systemwide > Cultural Competence > Disproportionality > Causes of Disproportionality
Causes of Disproportionality
Resources and information on the various causes of disproportionality, including State and local examples.
Disproportionate Representation: Communities of Color in the Domestic Violence, Juvenile Justice, and Child Welfare Systems
Wright & Thomas
Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 54(4), 2003
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Discusses factors that contribute to the disproportionate representation of communities of color in the domestic violence, child welfare, and juvenile justice systems and presents preliminary recommendations for judicial leadership and decision-making.
Explaining Black-White Disparity in Maltreatment: Poverty, Female-Headed Families, and Urbanization
Schuck
Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(3), 2005
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Assesses the effects of poverty, concentrated poverty, and female-headed families in poverty on African-American and White rates of child maltreatment.
Factors Related to the Disproportionate Involvement of Children of Color in the Child Welfare System: A Review and Emerging Themes
Hines, Lemon, Wyatt, & Merdinger
Children and Youth Services Review, 26(6), 2004
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Suggests there are numerous interrelated factors associated with disproportionality in the child welfare system, including parent and family-related risk factors, social and community-related factors, race and class biases in reporting and processing of children in the system, and the impact of recent child welfare policy initiatives.
The Impact of Child Welfare Policies on African American Families: A Decade Later
Chipungu (2004)
In Child Welfare Revisited: An Africentric Perspective
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Provides an analysis of the current status of African American children in foster care and the disproportionality of these children in foster care.
The Overrepresentation of Children of Color in the Child Welfare System
Courtney, Skyles, & Lindsey (Eds.)
Children and Youth Services Review, 25(5/6), 2003
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Articles examine reasons for the disproportionate representation of African-American children at entry as well as exit from child welfare programs.
Race Matters in Child Welfare: The Overrepresentation of African American Children in the System
Derezotes, Poertner, & Testa (Eds.) (2005)
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Examines child welfare policy and practice, the causes of child maltreatment, and how each impacts the disproportionality of African-American children in the system.
Racial Disproportionality in the U.S. Child Welfare System: Documentation, Research on Causes, and Promising Practices (PDF - 402 KB)
Annie E. Casey Foundation (2002)
Explores why African-American and American Indian children are overrepresented in the national foster care population.
Synthesis of Research on Disproportionality in Child Welfare: An Update (PDF - 511 KB)
Casey Family Programs (2006)
Explores child maltreatment and disproportionality, the role race plays at various decision-making stages in child welfare, the extent of racially disparate treatment in child welfare, and how other social systems contribute to disproportionality in child welfare.
Understanding the Geospatial Relationship of Neighborhood Characteristics and Rates of Maltreatment for Black, Hispanic, and White Children
Freisthler, Bruce, & Needell
Social Work: A Journal of the National Association of Social Workers, 52(1), 2007
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Results of a study examining how neighborhood characteristics are associated with rates of child maltreatment for black, Hispanic, and white children.
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State and local examples
An Evaluation of Factors Related to the Disproportionate Representation of Children of Color in Santa Clara County's Child Welfare System
San Jose State University/College of Social Work/Child Welfare Research Team (2004)
Identifies the primary factors associated with the disproportionate representation of children of color in the Santa Clara County Child Welfare System.
Report to the Legislature on the Study of Outcomes for African American Children in Minnesota's Child Protection System (PDF - 549 KB)
Minnesota Department of Human Services/Children's Services Administration (2002)
Study of why African-American children in Minnesota are disproportionately represented in out-of-home care.
Understanding the Over-representation of African Americans in the Child Welfare System: San Francisco: Final Report (MS Word - 479 KB)
Bowser & Jones (2004)
Examines the overrepresentation of African-Americans in the child welfare system in San Francisco.
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