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Protecting Children in Families Affected by Substance Use Disorders
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Author(s):
Children's Bureau, Office on Child Abuse and Neglect., ICF International.
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| Year Published: 2009 |
Appendix F
Commonly Used Screening Instruments
The substance use disorder treatment field has developed and tested several screening instruments. The following table provides a short description of the more commonly used instruments that have been found valid when used in appropriate settings. It is essential to review the materials accompanying the instruments before using them. These materials provide practical guidance, such as how many positive responses indicate that alcohol or drug use may be a problem, and they may suggest alternative wording of questions that might work better in child welfare settings.
Many of these screening instruments are available from Federal websites, especially the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (http://www.niaaa.nih.gov) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (http://www.nida.nih.gov). Some are available in Spanish. For screening instruments in other languages, it may be necessary to work with a translator who is not a friend or a relative of the family.
| Instrument | Purpose | Summary | For More Information |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Substance Use Survey
(ASUS) (For use with the Self-Appraisal Survey) |
Screens for an individual's perceived alcohol and drug use and abuse, mental health concerns, motivation for treatment, anti-social attitudes and behaviors, and level of defensiveness. |
|
Kenneth Wanberg, Ph.D. Center for Addiction Research and Evaluation, Inc. 5460 Ward Road, Suite 140 Arvada, CO 80002 (303) 421-1261 |
| Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)1 | Designed to identify individuals whose alcohol use has become a danger to their health. Includes three subscales that assess amount and frequency of drinking, alcohol dependence, and problems caused by alcohol. |
|
Thomas Babor Alcohol Research Center University of Connecticut 263 Farmington Avenue Farmington, CT 06030-2103 |
| CAGE Questionnaire2 | Related to drinking behavior. |
|
Available through numerous publications, websites, and treatment and prevention programs, including: http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/ publications/Assesing%20 Alcohol/InstrumentPDFs/16_ CAGE.pdf |
| CAGE-AID3 | Similar to the CAGE Questionnaire, but this expanded version includes questions about the use of illicit drugs as well as alcohol. |
|
Available through numerous publications, websites, and treatment and prevention programs. |
| Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST)4 | Designed to screen for the use of illegal drugs. |
|
The Addiction Research Foundation Center for Addiction and Mental Health 33 Russell Street Toronto, M5S2S1 Ontario, Canada (415) 595-6111 (800) 463-6273 |
| Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST)5 | Designed to screen for lifetime alcoholism-related problems. |
|
Melvin L. Selzer, M.D. 6967 Paseo Laredo La Jolla, CA 92037 (619) 459-1035 |
| Self-Appraisal Survey (SAS) (For use with the Adult Substance Use Survey) |
Designed to screen for alcohol and chemical dependency and to determine both the extent of use and the effects of use on aspects of life. |
|
Kenneth Wanberg, Ph.D. Center for Addiction Research and Evaluation, Inc. 5460 Ward Road, Suite 140 Arvada, CO 80002 (303) 421-1261 |
| Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI)6 | Designed to screen for chemical dependency and efforts to fake or conceal problems. It has eight subscales that can assess defensiveness and other dependency characteristics. |
|
The SASSI Institute 201 Camelot Lane Springville, IN 47462 (800) 726-0526 http://www.sassi.com |
| Triage Assessment for Addictive Disorders (TAAD) | Designed for both drug and alcohol use in face-to-face interviews where time commitment is minimal. |
|
Norman G. Hoffmann, Ph.D. Evince Clinical Assessments P.O. Box 17305 Smithfield, RI 02917 (800) 755-6299 http://www.evinceassessment.com |
| TWEAK Alcohol Screen | Developed and validated for women. Recommended by the California Institute of Mental Health. |
|
Marcia Russell, Ph.D. Research Institute on Addictions 1021 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14203 (716) 887-2507 http://www.ria.buffalo.edu |
| UNCOPE | Designed to detect alcohol or drug problems. |
|
Norman G. Hoffmann, Ph.D. Evince Clinical Assessments P.O. Box 17305 Smithfield, RI 02917 (800) 755-6299 http://www.evinceassessment.com/research.html |
Although screening tools are a great resource, they are not meant to be the sole source of decision-making. Rather, child protective services caseworkers must rely on multiple sources of information as well as their professional training and experience to help them decide whether substance use is a problem for a specific family.
1 Babor, T., de la Puente, J. R., Saunders, J., & Grant, M. (1992). AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for use in primary health care. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Back
2 Mayfield, D., McLeod, G., & Hall, P. (1974). The CAGE questionnaire: Validation of a new alcoholism instrument. American Journal of Psychiatry, 131(10), 1121–1123. Back
3 Brown, R. L., & Rounds, L. A. (1998). Conjoint screening questionnaires for alcohol and other drug abuse: Criterion validity in primary care practice. Wisconsin Medical Journal, 94(3), 135–140. Back
4 Skinner, H. A. (1982). The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST). Addictive Behavior, 7(4), 363–371. Back
5Selzer, M. (1971). The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test: The quest for a new diagnostic instrument. American Journal of Psychiatry, 127(12), 1653–1658.Back
6 Miller, G. (1985). The Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI) manual. Bloomington, IN: Spencer Evening World. Back
This material may be freely reproduced and distributed. However, when doing so, please credit Child Welfare Information Gateway.