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Child Protection in Families Experiencing Domestic Violence.
User Manual Series (2003)

Author(s):  Office on Child Abuse and Neglect., Caliber Associates. Bragg

Year Published:  2003

Endnotes

¹ Carlson, B.E. (2000) Children exposed to intimate partner violence: Research findings and implications for interventions. Trauma, Violence and Abuse, 1(4), 321-340. back

² Appel, A.E., & Holde, G. W. (1998). The co-occurrence of spouse and physical child abuse: A review and appraisal. Journal of Family Psychology, 12 (4), 578-599; Edleson, J. L. (1999). The overlap between child maltreatment and women battering. Violence Against Women, 5(2), 134-154. back

³ Appel, A. E., & Holden, G. W. (1998). The co-occurrence of spouse and physical child abuse: A review and appraisal. Journal of Family Psychology, 12(4), 578-599; Edleson, J. L. (1999). The overlap between child maltreatment and woman battering. Violence Against Women, 5(2), 134-154; Jaffe, P. G., Wolfe, D. A., & Wilson, S. K. (1990). Children of battered women. Newbury Park, CA: Sage; Stark, E., & Filcraft, A. H. (1988). Women and children at risk: A feminist perspective on child abuse. International Journal of Health Services, 18(1), 97-118; Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. J. (Eds.). (1990). Physical violence in American families: Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8,145 families. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. back

⁴ Rennison, C. M. (2003, February). Intimate partner violence, 1993-2001 (p. 1). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics; Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Extent, nature, and consequences of intimate partner violence. National violence against women survey (p. 10). Washington, DC: National Institute for Justice and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. back

⁵ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families. (2003). Child maltreatment 2001 (p. 21). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. back

⁶ Appel, A. E., & Holden, G. W. (1998). Co-occurring spouse and child abuse: Implications for CPS practice. APSAC Advisor, 11(1), 11-14; Edleson, J. L. (1999); Stark, E., & Filcraft, A. H. (1988); Hughes, H. M., Parkinson, D., & Vargo, M. (1989). Witnessing spouse abuse and experiencing physical abuse: A "double whammy"? Journal of Family Violence, 4(2), 197-209. back

⁷ Barnett, O. W., Miller-Perrin, C. L., & Perrin, R. D. (1997). Family violence across the lifespan: An introduction. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Hughes, H. M., et al. (1989). back

⁸ Edleson, J. L. (1995). Mothers and children: Understanding the links between woman battering and child abuse [On-line]. Available: www.mincava.umn.edu/documents/nij/nij.html. back

⁹ Suh, E., & Abel, E. M. (1990). The impact of spousal violence on the children of the abused. Journal of Independent Social Work, 4(4), 27-34. back

¹⁰ U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2002, September). Crime and the nation's households, 2000. Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin (NCJ 194107). Washington, DC: Author. back

¹¹ Carlson, B. E. (1984). Children's observation of interparental violence. In A. R. Roberts (Ed.), Battered women and their families (pp.146-147). New York: Springer; Edleson, J. L. (1999); Fantuzzo, J. W., & Lindquist, C. U. (1989). The effects of observing conjugal violence on children: A review and analysis of research methodology. Journal of Family Violence, 4(1), 77-94; Henning, K., Leitenber, H., Coffey, P., Turner, T., & Bennett, R. T. (1996). Long-term psychological and social impact of witnessing conflict between parents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 11(1), 35-51; Margolin, G. (1998). Effects of witnessing violence on children. In P. K. Trackett & C. D. Schellenback (Eds.), Violence against children in the family and community from backgrounds of domestic violence (pp. 57-101). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. back

¹² Straus, M., Gelles, R. J., & Steinmetz, S. K. (1980). Behind Closed Doors: Violence in the American Family. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday. back

¹³ Straus, M. (1992). Children as witnesses to marital violence: A risk factor for lifelong problems among a nationally representative sample of American men and women. In D. F. Schwartz (Ed.). Children and violence: Report of the 23rd Ross Roundtable on critical approaches to common pediatric problems (pp. 98-104). Columbus, OH: Ross Laboratories. back

¹⁴ Edleson, J. (1999). Children's witnessing of adult domestic violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14(1), 839-870. back

¹⁵ Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. J. (Eds.). (1990); Walker, L. E. (1984). The battered woman syndrome. New York: Springer. back

¹⁶ Appel, A. E., & Holden, G. W. (1998); Edleson, J. L. (1999); Hughes, H. M., et al. (1989); Shipman, K. L., Rossman, B. B., & West, J. C. (1999). Co-occurrence of spousal violence and child abuse: Conceptual implications. Child Maltreatment, 4(2), 93-102. back

¹⁷ Spears, L. (2000). Building bridges between domestic violence organizations and child protective services [On-line]. Available: www.vawnet.org/NRCDVPublications/BCSDV/Papers/BCS7_cps.pdf (PDF - 176 KB). back

¹⁸ Doyne, S. E., Bowermaster, J. M., Meloy, J. R., Dutton, D., Jaffe, P., Temko, S., & Mones, P. (1999). Custody disputes involving domestic violence: Making children's needs a priority. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 50(2), 1-12; Jaffe, P., et al. (1990). back

¹⁹ Appel, A. E., & Holden, G. W. (1988); Carlson, B. E. (2000). Children exposed to intimate partner violence: Research findings and implications for intervention. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 1(4), 321-342; Edleson, J. L. (1999); Fantuzzo, J. W., & Lindquist, C. U. (1989); Graham-Bermann, S. A., & Brescoll, V. (2000). Gender, power and violence: Assessing the family stereotypes of the children of batterers. Journal of Family Psychology, 14(4), 600-612; Hughes, H. M., Graham-Bermann, S. A., & Gruber, G. (2001). Resilience in children exposed to domestic violence. In S. A. Graham-Bermann & J. L. Edleson (Eds.), Domestic violence in the lives of children: The future of research, intervention, and social policy (pp. 67-90). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; Jaffe, P. G., et al. (1990); Margolin, G. (1998); Rossman, B. B. (2001). Longer term effects of children's exposure to domestic violence. In S. A. Graham-Bermann & J. L. Edleson (Eds.), Domestic violence in the lives of children: The future of research, intervention, and social policy (pp. 35-66). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. back

²⁰ Edleson, J. L. (1999). back

²¹ Ganley, A. L., & Schechter, S. (1996). Domestic violence: A national curriculum for children's protective services. San Francisco, CA: Family Violence Prevention Fund. back

²² Ganley, A. L., & Schechter, S. (1996). back

²³ Taylor, L., Zuckerman, B., Harik, V., & Groves, B. (1994). Witnessing violence by young children and their mothers. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 15(2), 120-123. back

²⁴ Rossman, B. R. R., & Rosenberg, M. S. (1997). Psychological maltreatment: A needs analysis and applications for children in violent families. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, and Trauma, 1(1), 245-262; Edleson, J. L. (1997). The overlap between child maltreatment and woman abuse [On-line]. Available: http://www.vawnet.org/DomesticViolence/Research/VAWnetDocs/AR_overlap.php (PDF - 32 KB); Edleson, J. L. (2000). Should childhood exposure to adult domestic violence be defined as child maltreatment under the law? St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Center Against Violence and Abuse; Magen, R. H. (1999). In the best interests of battered women: Reconceptualizing allegations of failure to protect. Child Maltreatment, 4(2), 127-135; Norman, J. (2000). Should children's protective services intervene when children witness domestic violence? Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 1(3), 291-293. back

²⁵ Fantuzzo, J. W., DePaula, L. M., Lambert, L., Martino, T., Ander, G., & Sutton, S. (1991). Effects of interpersonal violence on the psychological adjustment and competencies of young children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59(2), 258-265; Suderman, M., Jaffe, P. G., & Hastings, E. (1995). Violence prevention programs in secondary (high) schools. In P. E. Peled, P. G. Jaffe, & J. L. Edleson (Eds.), Ending the cycle of violence: Community responses to children of battered women. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. back

²⁶ Silvern, L., Karyl, J., Waelde, L., Hodges, W. F., Starek, J., Heidt, E., & Min, K. (1995). Retrospective reports of parental partner abuse: Relationships to depression, trauma symptoms and self-esteem among college students. Journal of Family Violence, 10(2), 177-202. back

²⁷ Ganley, A. L., & Schechter, S. (1996). back

²⁸ Carlson, B. E. (2000); Edleson, J. L. (1999); Hughes, H. M., et al. (2001); Stocker, C. M., & Youngblade, L. (1999). Marital conflict and parental hostility: Links with children's sibling and peer relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 13(4), 598-609. back

²⁹ Carlson, B. E. (2000); Edleson, J. L. (1999); Fantuzzo, J. W., & Lindquist, C. U. (1989); Hughes, H. M., et al. (2001); Kolbo, J. R. (1996). Risk and resilience among children exposed to domestic violence. Violence and Victims, 11(2), 113-128; Margolin, G. (1998); Crockenberg, S., & Langrock, A. (2001). The role of specific emotions in children's responses to interparental conflict: A test of the model. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(2), 163-182. back

³⁰ Aron, L. Y., & Olson, K. K. (1997). Efforts by child welfare agencies to address domestic violence. Public Welfare 55(3), 4-13; Beeman, S. K., Hagemeister, A. K., & Edleson, J. L. (1999). Child protection and battered women services: From conflict to collaboration. Child Maltreatment, 4(2), 116-126; Carter, J., & Schechter, S. (1997). Child abuse and domestic violence: Creating community partnerships for safe families—Suggested components of an effective child welfare response to domestic violence. San Francisco, CA: Family Violence Prevention Fund; Findlater, J., & Kelly, S. (1999). Michigan's domestic violence and child welfare collaboration. In J. L. Edleson & S. Schechter (Eds.), In the best interests of women and children: Child welfare and domestic violence services working together (pp. 167-174). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Spears, L. (2000); Whitney, P., & Davis, L. (1999). Child abuse and domestic violence: Can practice be integrated in a public setting? Child Maltreatment, 4(2), 158-166. back

³¹ Aron, L. Y., & Olson, K. K. (1997); Beeman, S. K., et al. (1999); Carter, J., & Schechter, S. (1997); Findlater, J., & Kelly, S. (1999); Spears, L. (2000); Whitney, P., & Davis, L. (1999). back

³² Aron, L. Y., & Olson, K. K. (1997); Beeman, S. K., et al. (1999); Carter, J., & Schechter, S. (1997); Findlater, J., & Kelly, S. (1999); Spears, L. (2000); Whitney, P., & Davis, L. (1999). back

³³ Edleson, J. L. (2000); Magen, R. H. (1999); Norman, J. (2000). back

³⁴ Carter, J., & Schechter, S. (1997); Edleson, J. L. (2000); Spears, L. (2000). back

³⁵ Kolbo, J. R. (1996); O'Keefe, M. (1995). Predictors of child abuse in maritally violent families. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10(1), 3-25; Shipman, K. L., et al. (1999); Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. J. (Eds.) (1990). back

³⁶ Ganley, A. L., & Schechter, S. (1996). back

³⁷ Rennison, C. M., & Welchans, S. (2000). Intimate partner violence. (Special Report NCJ 178247). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice; Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Extent, nature and consequences of intimate partner violence: Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey. (NCJ 181867). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice; Rennison C. M. (2001). Intimate partner violence and age of victim, 1999. (Special Report NCJ 187635). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. back

³⁸ Rennison, C. M., & Welchans, S. (2000). back

³⁹ Rennison, C. M. (2001). back

⁴⁰ Greenfeld, L. A., Rand, M. R., Craven, D., Klaus, P. A., Perkins, C. A., Ringel, C., et al. (1998). Violence by intimates: Analysis of data on crimes by current or former spouses, boyfriends, and girlfriends. (NCJ-167237). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. back

⁴¹ Gazmararian, J. A., Petersen, R., Spitz A. M., Goodwin, M. M., Saltzman, L. E., & Marks, J. S. (2000). Violence and reproductive health: Current knowledge and future research directions. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 4(2), 79-84; Horon, I., & Cheng, D. (2001). Enhanced surveillance for pregnancy-associated mortality—Maryland, 1993-1998. Journal of the American Medical Association, 11(285), 1455-1459. back

⁴² Rennison, C. M. & Welchans, S. (2000). back

⁴³ Rennison, C. M. & Welchans, S. (2000). back

⁴⁴ Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). back

⁴⁵ U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2003, February). Intimate partner violence, 1993-2001, Bureau of Justice Statistics Crime Data Brief (NCJ 197838). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. back

⁴⁶ National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2003). Costs of intimate partner violence against women in the United States (p. 19). Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. back

⁴⁷ National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2003). (pp. 30-31). back

⁴⁸ Rennison, C. M. (2003, February). (p. 2); Brustin, S. (1995). Legal responses to teen dating violence. Family Law Quarterly, 29(2), 333-334; Huth-Bocks, A. C., Levendosky, A. A., & Bogat, G. A. (2002). The effects of domestic violence during pregnancy on maternal and infant health. Violence and Victims, 17(2), 169-183; Gazmarian, J. A., Lazorick, S., Spitz, A. M., Ballard, T. J., Saltzman, L. E., & Marks, J. S. (1996). Prevalence of violence against pregnant women. Journal of the American Medical Association, 275, 1915-1920. back

⁴⁹ National Center for Victims of Crime. (1997). FYI: Domestic violence [On-line]. Available: www.ncvc.org/ncvc/main.aspx?dbName=DocumentViewer&DocumentID=32347. back

⁵⁰ Appel, A. E., & Holden, G. W. (1998); Markowitz, F. E. (2001). Attitudes and family violence: Linking intergenerational and cultural theories. Journal of Family Violence, 16(2), 205-218; Ptacek, J. (1988); Ganley, A. L., & Schechter, S. (1996); Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. J. (Eds.) (1990); Wolfe, D. A., & Jaffe, P. G. (1999). Emerging strategies in the prevention of domestic violence. Future of Children, 9(3), 133-144. back

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⁵² Pence, E., & Paymar, M. (1993). Education groups for men who batter: The Duluth model. New York: Springer; Schechter, S. (1982). Women and male violence. The visions and struggle of the battered women's movement. Boston, MA: Southbend Press; Ganley, A. L., & Schechter, S. (1996). back

⁵³ Schechter, S. (1982). back

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⁵⁵ Saathoff, A. J., & Stoffel, E. A. (1999). Community-based domestic violence services. Future of Children, 9(3), 97-110; Family Violence Prevention and Services Act, P.L. 98-457, amended P.L. 103-322, 42 U.S.C. §§ 10401; Violence Against Women Act of 1994, P.L. 103-322, 108 Stat. 1796. back

⁵⁶ Family Violence Prevention and Services Act, 42 U.S.C §§ 10402. back

⁵⁷ Violence Against Women Act of 1994, P.L.103-322, 108 Stat. 1796. back

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⁷¹ Aldarondo, E. (1998). Perpetrators of domestic violence. In A. Bellack & M. Hersen (Eds.), Comprehensive clinical psychology. New York, NY: Pergammon Press; Barrerra, M., et al. (1994); Mederos, F. (2000). Child protection services, the judicial system and men who batter: Toward effective and safe intervention. Unpublished practice paper, Massachusetts Department of Social Services, Jamaica Plains, MA; Gondolf, E. W. (1999, November). An extended follow-up of batterers and their female partners: Research summary for October 1997 to September 1999. Presentation at U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, Georgia; Gondolf, E. W. (1988); Hastings, J. E., & Hamberger, L. K. (1988); Holtzworth-Munroe, A., Bates, L., Smutzler, N., & Sandin, S. (1997). A brief review of the research on husband violence. Part I: Maritally violent versus nonviolent men. Aggression and Violent Behavior: A Review Journal, 2(1), 65-99; Tolman, R. M., & Bennett, L. W. (1990). back

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⁷⁴ Hart, B. J. (1996a). Rule making and enforcement: The violent and controlling tactics of men who batter. Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence; Hart, B. J. (1996b). Rule compliance and resistance: The response of battered women. Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence. back

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⁷⁸ Bennett, L., & Williams, O. (2001). The effectiveness of batterer intervention programs. Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence; Edleson, J. L. (1996). Controversy and change in batterers' programs. In J. L. Edelson & Z. C. Eisikovits (Eds.), Future interventions with battered women and their families (pp. 154-169). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Gondolf, E. W. (2002). Batterer intervention systems: Issues, implications and outcomes of a multi-site evaluation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. back

⁷⁹ Zuskin, R. (2000). How do I protect children when there is a history of domestic violence in the family? In H. Dubowitz & D. DePanfilis (Eds.), Handbook for child protection practice (pp.246-249). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Mederos, F. (2000). back

⁸⁰ Campbell, J. C. (1986). Assessment of risk of homicide for battered women. Advances in Nursing Science, 8(4), 36-51; Ganley, A. L., & Schechter, S. (1996); Mederos, F. (2000); Websdale, N. (2000). Lethality assessment tools: A critical analysis [On-line]. Available: http://www.vawnet.org/DomesticViolence/Research/VAWnetDocs/AR_lethality.PDF (PDF - 40 KB). back

⁸¹ Bancroft, L., & Silverman, J. G. (2002a). Power parenting: The batterer's style with children. In L. Bancroft & J. G. Silverman (Eds.), The batterer as parent: Addressing the impact of domestic violence on family dynamics (pp. 29-53). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. back

⁸² Bancroft, L., & Silverman, J. G. (2002a); Peled, E. (2000). The parenting of men who abuse women: Issues and dilemmas. British Journal of Social Work, 30, 25-36. back

⁸³ Bancroft, L., & Silverman, J. G. (2002b). Shock waves: The batterer's impact on the home. In L. Bancroft & J. G. Silverman (Eds.), The batterer as parent: Addressing the impact of domestic violence on family dynamics (pp. 54-83). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Roy, M. (1988). Children in the crossfire: Violence in the home—How does it affect our children? Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications. back

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You are in section: Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 - Purpose and Overview 2 - The Overlap Between Child… 3 - The Basics of Domestic… 4 - Child Protection Practices… 5 - Enhancing Caseworker Safety… 6 - Building Collaborative… Endnotes Appendix A - Glossary of Terms Appendix B - Resource Listings… Appendix C - Child Abuse… Appendix D - Stages of Change Appendix E - Domestic Violence… Appendix F - Domestic Violence… Appendix G - Domestic Violence… Appendix H - Safety Plans Appendix I - Developing a…

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Updated on December 10, 2007