Outside evaluator

Comparison group

No random assignment reported

Three standardized scales

Pre- and post-intervention

Statistical analysis of data

Reduce substance abuse, reduce emotional and economic problems, and increase parenting skills

Reduce health, academic, behavioral, social, and emotional problems in project children

Keep family unit intact and minimize the involvement of high-risk project families with child welfare services

Test overall efficacy of the program and compare efficacy with two groups

Family Stress Inventory (Orkow, 1985)

Parenting Skills Inventory

Family Risk Scales (seven scales modified from Magura, Moses, & Jones, 1987)

Substance abuse impact reduced in 50% of families where it was a problem

Decrease in caregiver emotional problems

Increase in parenting skills for 65% of parents

Improved health of children

Decreased behavior problems of children

Some reduction in social isolation of caregivers

Outside evaluator

Comparison group

No random assignment

Two standardized scales

Intake, 6 months, 1 year, 18 months, at closing, and at 6-month follow-up

Statistical analysis of data

Maintain safe housing

Master the skills necessary to ensure appropriate activities of daily living

Ensure adequate health care

Master the skills necessary to ensure the psycho-emotional needs of family members

Master the skills necessary to ensure appropriate discipline

Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (Bavolek, 1984 )

Family Profile

Eco-Map (Hartman, 1979)

Intake Packets (designed for program)

Child Well-Being Scales (Magura & Moses, 1987)

Families maintained adequate housing

Families achieved adequate health care

Caregivers developed skills to meet children's psycho-emotional needs

Caregivers showed improvement in using appropriate discipline

Outside evaluator

Comparison group

Some random assignment

Seven standardized scales

CPS data - 12 months prior and 12 months postintervention; child and family data at intake, after intensive service and after care

Statistical analysis of data

Reduce out-of-home placement of target children

Reduce re-referrals for neglect

Prevent referral for neglect for Outreach families

Child Behavioral Checklist (Achenbach, 1991)

Battelle Developmental Inventory (Newborg, Stock, & Wnek, 1984)

Child Well-Being Scales (Magura & Moses, 1987)

Family Support Scale (Dunst, Jenkins, & Trivette, 1984)

Resource Scale for Teen Mothers (Dunst, Leet, Vance, & Cooper, 1988)

Strengthening Multi-Ethnic Families & Communities: A Violence Prevention Parent Training Program (Steele, Marigna, Tello, & Johnson, 1999)

Alaska Assessment for the Risk of Continued Neglect (used at intake) (Baird, 1988)

Decrease in founded neglect reports and out-of-home placement

Child well-being increased from intake to the end of the intensive phase of services

Increases in family support and family resources

Outside evaluator

No comparison group

Two standardized scales

Baseline and closure

No statistical analysis of data

Improve the quality of parenting

Improve the quality home life

Improve the overall healthy development of children in areas of self-esteem and self respect

Provide services that are as or more effective than routine services at an acceptable cost, relative to benefit

Determine client/family characteristics that appear to respond best to the Family Reclaim model

Child Well-Being Scales (Magura & Moses, 1987)

Family Well-Being Scale (developed for program)

Improvement in child well-being scores

Improvement in family functioning for a significant number of families

97.5% of children at risk for removal were able to remain with their families

Improvement in children's academic performance and school attendance

Cost effective

In-house evaluators

Comparison group

No random assignment reported

14 standardized scales

Intake, conclusion, 1-year follow-up

Statistical analysis of data not completed yet

Improve functioning for children and parents

For children: improve cognitive and pre-academic skills, language and communication skills, gross and fine motor skills, and socioemotional development

For families: improve skills in parenting, coping with stress, development of social networks, knowledge of appropriate developmental expectations, effective behavior management, positive interactions with children, lower rates of CPS reports, reductions in stress, and improvements in social supports

Demographics Interview (Carlson & Cicchetti, 1979)

Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (preschool version, Caldwell & Bradley, 1984)

Parenting Dimensions Inventory (Slater & Power, 1987)

Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory (Bavolek, 1984)

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein, Fink, Handelsman, & Foote, 1994)

Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (Cohen & Hoberman, 1983)

Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983)

Daily Hassles Scale of Parenting Events (Crnic & Greenberg, 1990)

Semi-Structured Free Play (Beeghly & Cicchetti, 1994)

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised (Wechsler, 1989)

Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991)

Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning-Revised (Mardel-Czudnowski & Goldenberg, 1983)

Preschool Symptom Self-Report (Martini, Strayhorn, & Puig-Antich, 1989)

Maltreatment Classification and Rating System (Barnett, Manly, & Cicchetti, 1993)

94% of families made progress on treatment goals

99% of children achieved at least one developmental goal

Improved parenting skills and increased social support for caregivers

Increased knowledge of child development and positive behavior management

Children's developmental adaptation exceeded that of control group

A series of three different outside evaluators

No comparison group

Eight standardized scales

Baseline and at developmental intervals

No statistical analysis of data

Promote optimal birth outcomes, child health, child development, and school readiness

Foster positive parenting and successful parent-child interaction

Promote optimal family functioning and life outcomes

Prevent child abuse and neglect

Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory, Short Form (MacPhee, 1981)

Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (Caldwell & Bradley, 1984)

Home Screening Questionnaire (Coons, Gay, Fandal, Ker, & Frankenburg, 1981)

Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (Bavolek, 1984)

Maternal Social Support Index (Pascoe, Ialongo, Horn, Reinhart, & Perradatto, 1988)

Carolina Parent Support Scale (Bristol, 1983)

Maternal Health Beliefs Questionnaire (based on Hochbaum, 1958, & Rosenstock, 1974)

Participant Satisfaction Survey (developed for program)

Met objectives with regard to:

Healthy birth weights

Immunizations and well-care visits

Developmental screenings

Progress toward self-sufficiency goals

No cases of CA/N