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Prevention - Results (69 Publications)

Title: The Emotional Well-Being of Young People Seeking Asylum in the UK.
Author(s): Chase, Elaine.;Knight, Abigail.;Statham, June.
Published: 2008
Available from: British Association for Adoption & Fostering (BAAF)
http://www.baaf.org.uk/
Skyline House, 200 Union Street
London SE1 0LX
Abstract: This book presents findings from an in-depth study of the perspectives and experiences of children and young people arriving unaccompanied to seek asylum in the United Kingdom. The research is based on conversations with 54 young people from 18 countries, supplemented by interviews with key professionals with expertise and knowledge of working with this group. The young participants speak about their journeys and the shock of arriving in the United Kingdom, about being in care, and about their experiences of a range of health, education, social care, immigration, and legal services. They highlight the stress of age disputes, the need for clearer guidance in areas such as immigration status and financial support, and reveal how western attitudes and language regarding mental health can seem alien to people from different cultures. Finally, they discuss the range of ways they cope and adapt to life in the United Kingdom in the face of anxieties and other emotional difficulties. Implications for policy and practice are listed at the close of each chapter. Numerous references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: In-Home Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Clinical Considerations.
Author(s): Masse, Joshua J.;McNeil, Cheryl B.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child and Family Behavior Therapy
v. 30, 2, 2008, p. 127-135
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an empirically-supported behavioral parent training program designed to be administered in a clinic or laboratory-based setting. Recently, an empirical investigation revealed that in-home PCIT produced comparable results as the PCIT trials conducted in more controlled environments (this issue). Administering PCIT in a home setting carries both drawbacks and advantages. This article provides an overview of both the positive and negative clinical aspects of conducting in-home PCIT and presents effective solutions to potential treatment barriers. (Author abstract)

Title: Understanding the Behavioral and Emotional Consequences of Child Abuse.
Author(s): Stirling, John.;Amaya-Jackson, Lisa.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Pediatrics
v. 122, 3, September 2008, p. 667-673
Available from: American Academy of Pediatrics
http://www.aap.org
141 Northwest Point Boulevard
Elk Grove, IL 60007-1098
Document available online at: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/122/3/667
Printable version (PDF): http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/122/3/667
Abstract: Children who have suffered early abuse or neglect may later present with significant behavior problems including emotional instability, depression, and a tendency to be aggressive or violent with others. Troublesome behaviors may persist long after the abusive or neglectful environment has changed or the child has been in foster care placement. Neurobiological research has shown that early abuse results in an altered physiological response to stressful stimuli, a response that deleteriously affects the child's subsequent socialization. Pediatricians can assist caregivers by helping them recognize the abused or neglected child's altered responses, formulate more effective coping strategies, and mobilize available community resources. (Author abstract)

Title: The Relationship Between Childhood Abuse and Suicidality in Adult Bipolar Disorder.
Author(s): McIntyre, Roger S.;Soczynska, Joanna K.;Mancini, Deborah.;Lam, Chris.;Woldeyohannes, Hanna O.;Moon, Seol.;Konarski, Jakub Z.;Kennedy, Sidney H.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Violence and Victims.
v. 23, 3, 2008, p. 361-372
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: This study evaluates the effect of childhood sexual and physical abuse on suicidality in adults with bipolar disorder. We conducted a retrospective chart review of adult outpatients (N = 381) with DSM-IV-TR-defined bipolar disorder seeking evaluation and treatment at an academic specialty research program (i.e., Mood Disorders Pharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto) between October 2002 and November 2005. Eighteen percent (n = 68) of adult patients with bipolar disorder had a recorded history of childhood abuse (p = 0.009). Sixty-three percent (n = 43) of bipolar patients with a history of childhood abuse reported lifetime suicidality (÷2 = 6.885, df = 1, p = 0.009). Logistic regression analysis indicated that Childhood abuse was a significant predictor of lifetime suicidality in adult bipolar patients (OR = 2.05, CI = 1.19-3.510). Childhood abuse is associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adults with bipolar disorder. Anamnestic inquiry regarding childhood maltreatment is salient to risk assessment, illness management planning, preventative strategies, and treatment interventions in bipolar disorder. (Author abstract)

Title: Quality of Maternal Parenting among Intimate-Partner Violence Victims Involved with the Child Welfare System.
Author(s): Casanueva, Cecilia.;Martin, Sandra L.;Runyan, Desmond K.;Barth, Richard P.;Bradley, Robert H.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Family Violence.
v. 23, 6, August 2008, p. 413-427
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: Children are overrepresented in households with intimate-partner violence (IPV), and many suffer the double burden of being the subject of maltreatment and bearing the consequences of abuse to their mothers. Despite this situation, little information exists concerning parenting by women who have been abused by an intimate partner. We examine the relationship between women?s experiences with IPV and the quality of maternal parenting using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. The sample consisted of 1,943 female caregivers of children younger than 10 years investigated for child maltreatment. Women who had experienced IPV in the past but were no longer victims of IPV had significantly better parenting scores than women who were currently experiencing IPV, when other risk factors were controlled. This study adds to the evidence that IPV does not necessarily impair maternal parenting. Women abused by an intimate partner deserve a thorough assessment of what services they need: parenting services should be offered as warranted on a case-by-case evaluation of the particular woman?s parenting skills. (Author abstract)

Title: The Role of Child Care Providers in Child Abuse Prevention.
Author(s): Seibel, Nancy L.;Gillespie, Linda G.;Temple, Tabitha.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Zero to Three.
v. 28, 6, July 2008, p. 33-40
Available from: Zero to Three: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families
http://www.zerotothree.org
2000 M Street, NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20036
Abstract: Child care providers are likely to be the professionals who most frequently interact with families with young children. Thus, infant and toddler child care providers are uniquely positioned to recognize and respond to families' needs for information and support. This article describes knowledge, skills, and strategies that support child care providers in creating effective partnerships with parents that enhance program quality, build protective factors for families, and help to reduce the risk of child maltreatment. (Author abstract)

Title: Intimate Partner Violence Among Adolescent and Young Adult Mothers.
Author(s): Leaman, Suzanne C.;Gee, Christina B.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Family Violence.
v. 23, 6, August 2008, p. 519-528
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: The associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental health among adolescent and young adult mothers were compared. The sample was drawn from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study and participants were 672 mothers between the ages of 14 and 21. IPV was significantly positively associated with both depression and anxiety among young adult mothers. However, these associations were not found among adolescent mothers. In addition, IPV and marital status were significantly related among young adult mothers, but not adolescent mothers. Results suggest that IPV may have different consequences during different parts of the life course, or that mental health symptoms may be reported only later in life. (Author abstract)

Title: "Changing for My Kid" : Fatherhood Experiences of Mexican-Origin Teen Fathers Involved in the Justice System.
Author(s): Parra-Cardona, José Rubén.;Sharp, Elizabeth A.;Wampler, Richard S.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Marital and Family Therapy
v. 34, 3, July 2008, 369-387
Available from: Wiley Interscience.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: A descriptive phenomenological study was conducted with six adolescent fathers of Mexican origin on juvenile probation for a variety of serious offenses. All participants successfully completed a parenting program designed especially for teen fathers. In a series of consecutive in-depth interviews, teen fathers were asked to discuss their experiences as fathers. Four phenomena were identified from the data: (a) not giving up and deciding to be a dad, (b) figuring out my relationships after becoming a father, (c) wanting to be a good father, and (d) wanting to be Brown and a father. Findings challenge negative stereotypes associated with Mexican-origin teen fathers engaged in delinquent behaviors and describe the ways in which fatherhood became an important positive motivator in the lives of participants. (Author abstract)

Title: The Effect of Alaska's Home Visitation Program for High-Risk Families on Trends in Abuse and Neglect.
Author(s): Gessner, Bradford D.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal.
v. 32, 3, March 2008, p. 317-333
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Objectives: At 6 sites serving 21 communities, Alaska implemented Healthy Families Alaska, a home visitation program using paraprofessionals designed to decrease child abuse and neglect. The primary study objective was to compare changes over time in Child Protective Services outcomes by Healthy Families Alaska enrollment status.
Methods: Enrollment status was linked to birth certificates for birth years 1996-2002 which in turn was linked to the Alaska Child Protective Services database for outcome years 1996-2004. All children were followed through the study databases until age 2 years.
Results: There were 40,099 children born during 1996-2002 to residents of Healthy Families Alaska communities and 985 were enrolled in the program. Physical abuse referrals among enrolled children decreased from 73 to 42 per 1000 child-years of follow-up from 1996-1998 to 2000-2002 (p = .005); all of this decrease occurred among children who received 20 or more home visitations. This decrease may have been unrelated to program impact as a similar decrease in referral was seen among unenrolled high-risk children. Compared to unenrolled high-risk children, enrolled children had a modest decrease in the proportion with substantiated neglect but no difference in the proportion with neglect referral or physical abuse referral or substantiation.
Conclusions: Little evidence exists that Alaska's home visitation program had a measurable impact on child maltreatment outcomes.
Practice implications: Within Alaskan communities that had a home visitation program targeting families at high risk for child abuse, changes in Child Protective Services outcomes among children less than 2 years of age were followed over time by program enrollment status. Enrollment was associated with a substantial decrease in physical abuse referrals, but a similar decrease was seen among unenrolled high-risk children. No improvement was seen in physical abuse substantiation. A greater number of home visitations was not associated with fewer abuse outcomes. This work supports most of the recent literature, which questions the field effectiveness of home visitation programs. In combination with other studies, the current work may lead decision-makers and funding agencies to re-examine the usefulness of home visitation programs, particularly those using a methodology similar to that implemented in Alaska. (Author abstract)

Title: Medical and Mental Health of Children Entering the Utah Foster Care System.
Author(s): Steele, Julie S.;Buchi, Karen F.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Pediatrics
v. 122, 3, September 2008, p. e703-e709
Available from: American Academy of Pediatrics
http://www.aap.org
141 Northwest Point Boulevard
Elk Grove, IL 60007-1098
Document available online at: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/122/3/e703
Printable version (PDF): http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/122/3/e703
Abstract: BACKGROUND. Investigators from several states have reported that children entering foster care are at risk for medical and mental health conditions. Additional information based on data from a larger statewide population of children in foster care would assist in the development of appropriate strategies of care for these children. OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to describe the prevalence of medical and mental health conditions, the number of referrals for specialty care, the use of medications and to compare the prevalence of these conditions across age groups of children entering foster care in Utah. METHODS. We conducted an analysis of a statewide database containing abstracted medical and mental health information from the initial medical and mental health assessments of all children entering foster care between January 1, 2001, and December 16, 2004. RESULTS. Of the 6177 children who entered foster care during the study period, 83% were white and 24% were Hispanic. One or more acute or chronic medical conditions were present in 54%, and 44% had ≥1 mental health condition. The most prevalent medical conditions in all of the children were overweight or obesity (35%), 30% had a referral for specialty care. The most prevalent mental health conditions were oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder (18%), reactive attachment and adjustment disorders (17%), and mood disorders (15%). The frequency of psychotropic medication use increased with age. Of the 2747 children of all ages with a diagnosed mental health condition, 35% were receiving psychotropic medications. CONCLUSIONS. This study of a statewide cohort of children entering foster care supports and strengthens previous evidence that children in foster care are more likely to have more health care needs compared with the general pediatric population. Focused strategies are needed that address prevalent conditions, the need for continuity of care, ongoing mental health services, and medication management. (Author abstract)

Title: California Report Card, 2008: The State of the State's Children.
Published: 2008
Available from: Children Now
http://www.childrennow.org
1212 Broadway, 5th Floor
Oakland, CA 94612
Printable version (PDF): http://publications.childrennow.org/assets/pdf/policy/rc08/ca-rc-2008.pdf
Abstract: This report grades the well-being of children in California in three key areas: health, including health insurance, oral health, asthma, mental health, infant health, and adolescent health; education, including early care and education, school-aged children, and after school programs; and cross system issues, such as obesity, child safety, and integrated services. Letter grades are assigned to each category, along with statistics on key indicators and an explanation of notable policy progress. Recommendations are provided for improving services and programs for children in each area. 165 references.

Title: Supporting the Social-Emotional Development of Infants and Toddlers in Foster Care.
Author(s): Wotherspoon, Evelyn.;Petrowski, Nicole.
Published: 2008
Available from: Centre of Excellence for Child Welfare
http://cecw-cepb.ca/
Child Welfare League of Canada
226 Argyle Avenue

Ottawa, ON K2P 1B9, ON
Printable version (PDF): http://www.cecw-cepb.ca/files/file/en/EmoNeedsFoster60E.pdf
Abstract: The social-emotional development of infants and toddlers in foster care who have been neglected, abused, or traumatized can differ from other children. This information sheet offers practical strategies to caseworkers and foster parents for supporting the social-emotional development of foster children under the age of five. (Author abstract)

Title: Disseminating Evidence-Based Practice For Children and Adolescents: A Systems Approach to Enhancing Care.
Published: 2008
Available from: American Psychological Association
http://www.apa.org
750 1st St., NE
Washington, DC 20002
Document available online at: http://www.apa.org/pi/cyf/evidence.html
Printable version (PDF): http://www.apa.org/pi/cyf/evidencerpt.pdf
Abstract: This report addresses the unique challenges for practitioners in developing, strengthening, and disseminating evidence-based practice (EBP) for children, adolescents, and their families. The report adheres to the 2005 APA policy statement on Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology, which calls for "the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences." The report covers: * a brief history and the key assumptions of EBP * developmental considerations for children and adolescents * the critical issues affecting the dissemination and implementation of EBP * an approach to practice that consists of observation, inquiry, and evaluation * recommendations for research, education, practice, and policy. (Author abstract)

Title: Behavioral Parent Training in Child Welfare: Evaluations of Skills Acquisition.
Author(s): Van Camp, Carole M.;Vollmer, Timothy R.;Goh, Han-Leong.;Whitehouse, Cristina M.;Reyes, Jorge.;Montgomery, Jan L.;Borrero, John C.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Research on social work practice
v. 18, 5, September 2008, p. 377-391
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Document available online at: http://rsw.sagepub.com/content/vol18/issue5/
Abstract: Objective: Behavioral parent training has been proven effective through years of research with a variety of groups. However, little research has been conducted to systematically evaluate the extent to which behavioral parent training may improve parenting skills of foster and other caregivers of dependent children. The Behavior Analysis Services Program (BASP) has been charged with providing behavioral parent training to foster parents and other caregivers of dependent children throughout the state of Florida through a variety of services focusing primarily on a group-class-based training curriculum. This article examines the extent to which behavioral parent training was effective in increasing skills of caregivers who were trained in 2001 and 2002. Methods: Study 1 evaluated skills acquisition via a large-scale analysis of precourse and postcourse assessments, as well as observations of in-home parent-child interactions. Study 2 assessed skills acquisition via controlled analyses using repeated measures and multiple baseline designs. Results: Results showed increases in parenting skills in both studies as a function of curriculum training. Discussion: Implications of the results, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Behavioral Parent Training in Child Welfare: Maintenance and Booster Training.
Author(s): Van Camp, Carole M.;Montgomery, Jan L.;Vollmer, Timothy R.;Kosarek, Judith A.;Happe, Shawn.;Burgos, Vanessa.;Manzolillo, Anthony.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Research on social work practice
v. 18, 5, September 2008, p. 392-400
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Document available online at: http://rsw.sagepub.com/content/vol18/issue5/
Abstract: Previous research has demonstrated the efficacy of a 30-hr behavioral parent training program at increasing skill accuracy. However, it remains unknown whether skills acquisitions are maintained on a long-term basis. Few studies have evaluated the maintenance of skills learned during behavioral parent training for foster parents. The purpose of this study is twofold: (a) to assess skill maintenance 8 to 35.5 months following the initial 30-hr training program and (b) to evaluate whether a 6-hr booster training would raise caregivers' skill performance to levels similar to those observed during posttests of the initial training. Overall results show partial maintenance of skills over time and positive effects of booster training for skills that had not been maintained. Results also show variability in individual participant and individual skill scores during various phases of the analysis, suggesting idiosyncratic differences with regard to initial training, maintenance, and booster training. (Author abstract)

Title: Family Functioning Patterns as Predictors of Engagement: Which Families Participate in Services and Which Ones Do Not?
Author(s): Headman, Neil C.;Cornille, Thomas A.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Family Social Work
v. 11, 2, 2008, p. 117-140
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: The present study examines the relationship between specific areas of family functioning and family engagement in prevention services. A sample of 147 families who initiated youth-centered treatment services from a non-profit agency was selected. Statistical analysis was used to test for relationships between family scores on the Family Assessment Measure (version III, General Scale) and family levels of engagement in services. Results of binary logistic regression analysis indicated that individual and family characteristics are associated with family engagement in services. In addition to demographic variables of age and race, family patterns of denial made a significant individual contribution to the evaluated model. Implications for engaging families in prevention services are discussed and suggestions are made for future research. (Author abstract)

Title: The Family Outreach Model: Tools for Engaging and Working With Families in Distress.
Author(s): Cornille, Thomas A.;Meyer, Andrea S.;Mullis, Ann K.;Mullis, Ronald L.;Boroto, Daniel.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Family Social Work
v. 11, 2, 2008, p. 185-201
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to present a family intervention model to family service providers that builds on previous research in areas of social support and family problem solving. The Family Outreach Model provides a set of strategies for engaging and working with families in five phases of family coping at different points in time in the family's life. The strategies reflect intentional choices by family service providers about both collaborative and directive styles of therapeutic alliance and highlights ways to determine which style best fits with what specific families want and need, depending on the manner of family coping that it is using. Implications for programs and public policy are presented. (Author abstract)

Title: Parental Responses to Infant Crying: The Influence of Child Physical Abuse Risk and Hostile Priming.
Author(s): Crouch, Julie L.;Skowronski, John J.;Milner, Joel S.;Harris, Benjamin.;
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal.
v. 32, 3, July 2008, p. 702-710
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Objective: Managing a crying infant is a challenge universally faced by new parents. This study examined whether parental interpretations, feelings, and behaviors following exposure to a 2-minute videotaped segment of a crying infant varied as a function of child physical abuse (CPA) risk and exposure to cues of hostility (i.e., hostile priming). Method: Participants included 84 general population parents (52 low and 32 high CPA risk) with valid and complete protocols. It was predicted that (1) negative trait ratings, (2) feelings of hostility, and (3) ability to modulate grip strength would differ across CPA risk groups (high vs. low) and priming conditions (hostile vs. neutral). Results: As expected, high, compared to low, CPA risk parents rated the crying infant more negatively and reported higher levels of hostile feelings after watching the crying infant video. Hostile priming independently increased feelings of hostility, such that high CPA risk parents who were primed with hostile words reported higher levels of hostile feelings relative to all other conditions. Hostile priming also was modestly associated with increased use of excessive force when parents attempted to produce a half-strength grip; however this difference was apparent only among high CPA risk parents. Conclusions: High, compared to low, CPA risk parents rated the crying infant more negatively and reported higher levels of hostile feelings after watching the crying infant video. Hostile priming independently increased hostile feelings and was modestly associated with use of excessive force in the hand grip task among high CPA risk parents. (Author abstract)

Title: Effects of Multiple Maltreatment Experiences Among Psychiatrically Hospitalized Youth.
Author(s): Boxer, Paul.;Terranova, Andrew M.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal.
v. 32, 3, June 2008, p. 637-647
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Objective: Relying on indicators coded from information collected routinely during intake assessments at a secure inpatient psychiatric facility, this study examined the extent to which different forms of maltreatment accounted for variations in youths' emotional and behavioral problems. Methods: Clinical information was reviewed for a large (N = 401) and diverse sample (mean age = 13.9 years; 53% male; 54.6% racial/ethnic minority) of youth admitted to a publicly funded psychiatric hospital. Data were drawn from intake narratives, standardized psychopathology rating scales, and psychiatric diagnostic ratings. Results: Findings provide some support for a hierarchical classification of multiple maltreatment experiences with sexual abuse identified as the specific form of maltreatment most reliably associated with poor adjustment. Support also was obtained for a cumulative classification approach, as the number of different types of maltreatment experiences was linked positively to elevated psychopathology ratings. Conclusions: Even in this high-risk, atypical sample, maltreatment experiences account for variation in levels of psychopathology. These results have implications for classifying multiple maltreatment and enhancing clinical care for atypical youth who have been maltreated. Practice implications: Clinicians working in youth psychiatric populations should implement maltreatment-specific psychotherapy approaches for maltreated youth, even as adjunctive treatments in a therapeutic milieu. (Author abstract)

Title: Frameworks for Family-Centered Practice (Permanency Planning Today, Winter 2008).
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Permanency Planning Today
Winter 2008, p. 1-16
Available from: National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp
Hunter College School of Social Work
129 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10065
Printable version (PDF): http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/newsletter/ppt-winter-2008.pdf
Abstract: This issue discusses key principles for family-centered child welfare practice and emphasizes the need for each jurisdiction to develop a practice framework built on the input of its own staff, community, and consumers of services. Excerpts are included from two interviews with leaders in child welfare whose jurisdictions are developing family-centered frameworks. The first of those is Louisiana, which is undertaking a systems reform effort called Louisiana LIFTS (Leading Innovations for Family Transformation and Safety). The second jurisdiction is Massachusetts, which has embarked on a major initiative known as Working with Families Right from the Start. It includes six core values that describe specific behaviors and practices that define good child welfare practice: child driven, family centered, community focused, strength based, committed to cultural diversity and cultural competence, and committed to continuous learning. Following articles address the collaboration of Spence-Chapin Services and the New York City Administration for Children's Services to provide training for workers for exploring all options with expectant families or families in which a newborn is at risk for foster care placement; the employment experiences of 35 Maine youth with disabilities in foster care who participated in First Jobs, a summer employment program; and the need for staff development and the improvement of foster care. 14 references.

Title: Assessment of Factors Resulting in Abuse Evaluations in Young Children with Minor Head Trauma.
Author(s): Anderst, James D.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal.
v. 32, 3, March 2008, p. 405-413
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Objective: The primary objective was to determine which of the examined factors prompted physicians to initiate a further abuse evaluation in young children with minor head injury. The recording of important historical elements in the charts of these patients was also evaluated. Methods: Charts of 349 children less than 3 years of age with minor head injury were retrospectively reviewed. Age, race, sex, insurance status, findings on head CT, mechanism of injury, witnessing of event and delay in seeking care were analyzed for association with performance of skeletal survey and referral to Child Protective Services (CPS). Results: Increased odds of CPS referral and increased odds of obtaining a skeletal survey were associated with positive findings on head CT, delay in seeking care, and unknown mechanism of injury. Despite a known association of age/ambulatory status with abuse, the age of the child was not associated with increased odds of abuse evaluation, and younger age was not associated with increased odds of documenting whether the injury was witnessed or when the injury occurred. Documentation of timing of injury was lacking in 29.2% of the charts. Witnessing of the event was undocumented in 48.7% of cases. Conclusion: Clinicians may not be using readily available, important information when considering the initiation of an abuse evaluation in young children. Clinicians seeing acutely injured children may need further education regarding developmental status and its effect on mechanisms of injury and the importance of detailed documentation in cases where abuse is a possible cause of injury. Practice implications: Historical factors associated with injuries in young children continue to be poorly documented. Increased pediatric training for emergency medicine physicians, clinical protocols for evaluation and documentation of injured children, and regular continuing medical education on child development and its implications on mechanisms of injury for clinicians practicing in acute care settings are needed changes that may bring about improvements. (Author abstract)

Title: Youths Who Witness or Experience Abuse as a Child More Likely to Drink Before Age 13.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: CESAR Fax
v. 17, 19, May 12, 2008, p. 1
Available from: Center for Substance Abuse Research
http://www.cesar.umd.edu
4321 Hartwick Road
Suite 501
College Park, MD 20740
Printable version (PDF): http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/cesarfax/vol17/17-19.pdf
Abstract: This fact sheet presents statistics from the Youth Violence Survey, a cross-sectional survey of all public school students enrolled in grades 7, 9, 11, and 12 in a school district in a high-risk urban community conducted in 2004. Results from participants (n=3,559) indicate exposure to abuse as a young child is related to early alcohol initiation. Youths who reported experiencing physical or sexual abuse before age 10 were more likely than those who had not to begin drinking alcohol before age 13. Furthermore, youths who reported witnessing domestic violence between their parents/guardians were also more likely to begin drinking at an early age, at a rate similar to those youths reporting direct abuse. 1 figure and 1 reference.

Title: My Sister's Keeper: A Book For Women Returning Home From Prison or Jail.
Published: 2008
Available from: Correctional Association of New York
http://www.correctionalassociation.org/
135 East 15th Street
New York, NY 10003
Printable version (PDF): http://correctionalassociation.org/publications/download/wipp/MySistersKeeper_Re-EntryGuide.pdf
Abstract: Designed to assist women recently released from correctional facilities, this book shares the experiences and advice of women who have been incarcerated. It addresses: feelings about coming home; getting the basics, including finding a place to stay, employment, transportation, health care, treatment for HIV/AIDS, and treatment for substance abuse; coping with parole and communicating with parole officers; reconnecting with family and friends; and engaging in meaningful relationships your children, including strategies for reunification, dealing with guilt, establishing trust, knowing your parental rights, and being a positive role model. Additional sections discuss finding affirmation and support if you are a lesbian or transgendered, building self-esteem and confidence, coping with negative feelings, and gaining and using knowledge to help yourself. A list of reentry resources is included.

Title: ACS' Community Partnership Initiative: Approach and Preliminary Findings.
Published: 2008
Available from: New York City Administration for Children's Services
http://www.nyc.gov/html/acs
150 William Street, 18th Floor
New York, NY 10038
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nyc.gov/html/acs/downloads/pdf/ocp_chapinhall_report.pdf
Abstract: This report discusses preliminary findings from an evaluation of the Community Partnership Demonstration Initiative (CPI), an initiative currently underway in eleven communities across New York City. The primary goal of the initiative is to promote a reorientation of child welfare work toward integrated, localized service models that can be tailored to individual communities. This document situates the CPI model historically as it relates to larger reform trends in the human services and offers some preliminary findings from the field. A brief overview of the evaluation design is also provided. Findings indicate the coalitions have focused their work on four mandated tasks: to coordinate services that bridge the gap between Head Start, child care, and community-based preventive services; to implement innovative approaches to family team decision-making conferences traditionally facilitated by the Administration for Children's Services child protective staff; to support existing foster and adoptive parents and recruit neighborhood-based foster homes; and to improve the quantity and quality of visits between parents, children and siblings in foster care. Preliminary evaluation results point to noticeable shifts in how agency staff are approaching the work and indicate the coalitions are drawing on community resources to provide innovative supports for families.

Title: Healthy Families New York (HFNY) Randomized Trial: Effects on Early Child Abuse and Neglect.
Author(s): DuMont, Kimberly.;Mitchell-Herzfeld, Susan.;Greene, Rose.;Lee, Eunju.;Lowenfels, Ann.;Rodriguez, Monica.;Dorabawila, Vajeera.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal.
v. 32, 3, March 2008, p. 295-315
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effects of a home visiting program modeled after Healthy Families America on parenting behaviors in the first 2 years of life.
Methods: A sample of 1173 families at risk for child abuse and neglect who met the criteria for Healthy Families New York (HFNY) was randomly assigned to either an intervention group that was offered HFNY or a control group that was given information and referrals to other services. Data were collected through a review of CPS records, and maternal interviews at baseline and the child's first birthday (90% re-interviewed) and second birthday (85% re-interviewed).
Results: HFNY mothers reported committing one-quarter as many acts of serious abuse at age 2 as control mothers (.01 versus .04, p < .05). Two sets of interactions were tested and found to have significant effects (p < .05). At age 2, young, first-time mothers in the HFNY group who were randomly assigned at 30 weeks of pregnancy or less were less likely than counterparts in the control group to engage in minor physical aggression in the past year (51% versus 70%) and harsh parenting in the past week (41% versus 62%). Among women who were ?psychologically vulnerable,? HFNY mothers were one-quarter as likely to report engaging in serious abuse and neglect as control mothers (5% versus 19%) at age 2.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that who is offered home visitation may be an important factor in explaining the differential effectiveness of home visitation programs. Improved effects may be realized by prioritizing the populations served or by enhancing the model to meet program objectives for hard-to-serve families. (Author abstract)

Title: Parent Education
Published: 2008
Available from: Child Welfare Information Gateway
http://www.childwelfare.gov
Children's Bureau/ACYF
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW
Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Document available online at: http://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/issue_briefs/parented/
Printable version (PDF): http://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/issue_briefs/parented/parented.pdf
Abstract: Successful parent education programs help parents acquire and internalize parenting and problem-solving skills necessary to build a healthy family. This issue brief provides an overview of research regarding key characteristics and training strategies of successful parent education programs. Information about selected evidence-based and evidence-informed programs is also provided.

Title: Developmental Experiences of Child Sexual Abusers and Rapists.
Author(s): Simons, Dominique A.;Wurtele, Sandy K.;Durham, Robert L.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal.
v. 32, 3, May 2008, p. 549-560
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the distinct developmental experiences associated with child sexual abuse and rape. Method: For 269 sexual offenders (137 rapists and 132 child sexual abusers), developmental experiences were recorded from a behavioral checklist, a parental-bonding survey, and a sexual history questionnaire. Offender classification was obtained from official records and verified through polygraph examinations. Results: Compared to rapists, child sexual abusers reported more frequent experiences of child sexual abuse (73%), early exposure to pornography (65% before age 10), an earlier onset of masturbation (60% before age 11), and sexual activities with animals (38%). In contrast to child sexual abusers, rapists reported more frequent experiences of physical abuse (68%), parental violence (78%), emotional abuse (70%), and cruelty to animals (68%). Both child sexual abusers and rapists (>93%) reported frequent exposure to violent media during their childhood. Most offenders (94%) described having insecure parental attachment bonds; 76% of rapists reported avoidant parental attachments and 62% of child sexual abusers reported anxious parental attachments. Conclusions: Findings from this study support the role of specific developmental experiences as etiological factors in differential sexual offending. Child sexual abusers? developmental histories were characterized by heightened sexuality; whereas rapists? childhood histories were more indicative of violence. These findings have implications for the treatment of sexual abusers and the prevention of sexual abuse. Practice implications This study's findings suggest that sexual offenders have been socialized to satisfy human needs of intimacy and sexuality through maladaptive means, which implies that a risk management approach may not be sufficient treatment. Although risk models teach offenders skills to avoid high-risk situations, they fail to address the maladaptive strategies that they may have developed for satisfying needs. Instead, the focus of treatment should be to equip offenders with the knowledge, skills, and opportunities to achieve these needs in an acceptable manner. Thus, this model will provide these individuals with the opportunity to live a healthy life without sexual offending. (Author abstract)

Title: NM Family Infant Toddler (FIT) Program: The Integration of Infant Mental Health Approaches Position Paper.
Published: 2008
Available from: New Mexico Department of Health
http://www.health.state.nm.us/
1190 S. St. Francis Dr.
Santa Fe, NM 87502
Printable version (PDF): http://www.health.state.nm.us/DDSD/fit/documents/InfantMentalHealthPositionPaperAug2008.pdf
Abstract: The purpose of this position paper is to define and support the appropriate application of infant mental health approaches through early intervention supports and services provided by the FIT Program to families of infants and toddlers who have or who are at-risk for developmental delays and disabilities. (Author abstract)

Title: Impacts of Early Childhood Programs.
Author(s): Isaacs, Julia B.
Published: 2008
Available from: First Focus
http://www.firstfocus.net/
1110 Vermont Ave, NW, Suite 900
Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://www.firstfocus.net/Download/EarlyChildhoodPrograms.pdf
Abstract: This collection of research briefs summarizes existing evidence on early childhood interventions and their impact on children and families. The five briefs find that most early childhood programs have had positive impacts on children's emotional and behavioral outcomes, including long-term reductions in criminal behavior, improvements in children's health and safety, and positive impacts on children's parents. Included in this publication are briefs about: State Pre-Kindergarten; Head Start; Early Head Start; Model Early Childhood Programs; and Nurse Home Visiting. (Author abstract)

Title: Protective and Vulnerability Factors for Physically Abused Children: Effects of Ethnicity and Parenting Context.
Author(s): Haskett, Mary E.;Allaire, Jason C.;Kreig, Shawn.;Hart, Kendrea C.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal.
v. 32, 3, May 2008, p. 567-576
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Objective: Although social maladjustment appears to be common among abused children, negative outcomes are not inevitable. This investigation was designed to determine whether ethnicity and features of the parenting context predicted children's social adjustment, and whether the strength and direction of these relations differed for abused and nonabused children. Method: Participants included 78 physically abused and 75 demographically matched nonabused children and one of their parents. Observations of parenting were used to measure parental sensitivity, and parent self-reports of depression were obtained using the SCL-90-R. Children's peer social adjustment was measured by teacher report. Results: Using regression analysis, we tested whether each potential protective or vulnerability factor interacted with abuse status in prediction of social adjustment. Results indicated main effects of ethnicity and sensitivity for prosocial behavior, and a main effect of sensitivity for aggression. In addition, there was a significant interaction of ethnicity and abuse status for aggression such that there was a significant difference between abused and nonabused European American children but not between abused and nonabused African American children. Conclusions: Findings indicate that risk for aggressive behavior among abused children might be culturally specific rather than universal. In addition, results point to beneficial effects of parental sensitivity for maltreated children. (Author abstract)

Title: Exposure to Childhood Sexual and Physical Abuse and Adjustment in Early Adulthood.
Author(s): Fergusson, David M.;Boden, Joseph M.;Horwood, L. John.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal.
v. 32, 3, June 2008, p. 607-619
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Objective: This research examined linkages between exposure to childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and childhood physical punishment/abuse (CPA) and mental health issues in early adulthood. Method: The investigation analyzed data from a birth cohort of over 1,000 New Zealand young adults studied to the age of 25. Results: Exposure to CSA and CPA was associated with increased risks of later mental disorders including depression, anxiety disorder, conduct/anti-social personality disorder, substance dependence, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts at ages 16?25. Control for social, family, and individual factors reduced the associations between CPA and mental health outcomes to the point of statistical non-significance. However, there was a consistent finding for CSA to remain associated with increased risks of later mental health problems. After adjustment, those exposed to CSA including attempted or completed sexual penetration had rates of disorder that were 2.4 times higher than those not exposed to CSA. Those exposed to harsh or abusive physical punishment had rates of disorder that were 1.5 times higher than those exposed to no or occasional physical punishment. It was estimated that exposure to CSA accounted for approximately 13% of the mental health problems experienced by the cohort. Findings showed that exposure to CPA had only weak effects on later mental health. It was estimated that exposure to CPA accounted for approximately 5% of the mental health problems experienced by the cohort. Conclusions: Exposure to CSA was associated with consistent increases in risks of later mental health problems. Exposure to CPA had weaker and less consistent effects on later mental health. These findings suggest that much of the association between CPA and later mental health reflects the general family context in which CPA occurs, whereas this is less the case for CSA. (Author abstract)

Title: Exploration and Validation of Clusters of Physically Abused Children.
Author(s): Ward, Caryn Sabourin.;Haskett, Mary E.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal.
v. 32, 3, May 2008, p. 577-588
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Objective: Cluster analysis was used to enhance understanding of heterogeneity in social adjustment of physically abused children. Method: Ninety-eight physically abused children (ages 5-10) were clustered on the basis of social adjustment, as measured by observed behavior with peers on the school playground and by teacher reports of social behavior. Seventy-seven matched nonabused children served as a comparison sample. Clusters were validated on the basis of observed parental sensitivity, parents' self-reported disciplinary tactics, and children's social information processing operations (i.e., generation of solutions to peer relationship problems and attributions of peer intentions in social situations). Results: Three subgroups of physically abused children emerged from the cluster analysis; clusters were labeled Socially Well Adjusted, Hanging in There, and Social Difficulties. Examination of cluster differences on risk and protective factors provided substantial evidence in support of the external validity of the three-cluster solution. Specifically, clusters differed significantly in attributions of peer intent and in parenting (i.e., sensitivity and harshness of parenting). Clusters also differed in the ways in which they were similar to, or different from, the comparison group of nonabused children. Conclusions: Results supported the contention that there were clinically relevant subgroups of physically abused children with potentially unique treatment needs. Findings also pointed to the relevance of social information processing operations and parenting context in understanding diversity among physically abused children. Practice implications: Pending replication, findings provide support for the importance of considering unique treatment of needs among physically abused children. A singular approach to intervention is unlikely to be effective for these children. For example, some physically abused children might need a more intensive focus on development of prosocial skills in relationships with peers while the prosocial skills of other abused children will be developmentally appropriate. In contrast, most physically abused children might benefit from training in social problem-solving skills. Findings also point to the importance of promoting positive parenting practices in addition to reducing harsh discipline of physically abusive parents. (Author abstract)

Title: Research on Early Childhood Education Outcomes.
Published: 2007
Available from: Public Policy Forum
http://www.publicpolicyforum.org/
633 W. Wisconsin Ave., Suite #406
Milwaukee, WI 53203
Document available online at: http://www.publicpolicyforum.org/Matrix.htm
Abstract: The Public Policy Forum has produced a map of existing research on early childhood education. The information is presented in matrix format so that outcomes can be easily compared across studies. Overall, we find that existing research largely supports the connection between higher quality early childhood programs and long-term benefits including improved school-readiness, improved social skills, higher IQ scores, higher standardized test scores, decreased crime and delinquency, and greater earning capacity. Parents of children in high quality child care also benefit as they are better able to find and keep work. Societal benefits from higher quality child care include reduced crime costs and reduced welfare use. Further, increased earnings by early childhood program participants once they reach adulthood will result in increased income tax revenue. (Author abstract)

Title: Family Breakup and Adolescents' Psychosocial Maladjustment: Public Health Implications of Family Disruptions.
Author(s): Roustit, Christelle.;Chaix, Basile.;Chauvin, Pierre.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Pediatrics
v. 120, 4, p. e984-e991
Available from: American Academy of Pediatrics
http://www.aap.org
141 Northwest Point Boulevard
Elk Grove, IL 60007-1098
Document available online at: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/120/4/e984
Printable version (PDF): http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/120/4/e984
Abstract: OBJECTIVES. Recent changes in family structure are associated with an increase in psychosocial maladjustment in adolescents. We examined, from a public health intervention perspective, the association between family breakup and psychosocial maladjustment in adolescents and assessed the mediating role of family-functioning variables. METHODS. We analyzed data from the Social and Health Survey of Children and Adolescents in Quebec, Montreal, Canada, which was conducted in 1999. Sample-weighted logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the risk of internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, substance abuse, and alcohol consumption in relation to family breakups and family-functioning variables, after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. RESULTS. All 4 of the indicators of psychosocial maladjustment were significantly associated with family breakup. The association between family breakups and internalizing disorders was mediated by parental psychological distress and low paternal emotional support. Independently, the witnessing of interparental violence was also strongly associated with internalizing disorders. For the other 3 outcomes, that is, externalizing disorders, substance abuse, and alcohol consumption, family breakup and family-functioning variables had independent effects. CONCLUSIONS. Family-based interventions and social approaches are complementary support modalities for adolescents experiencing family disruptions. (Author abstract)

Title: Neglect: The Hole In the Middle.
Published: 2007
Available from: Alaska Center for Resource Families
http://www.acrf.org/
815 Second Avenue, Suite 101
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Document available online at: http://www.acrf.org/education/neglectcourse/nabout.htm
Abstract: This course explores the effect of neglect on the child coming into foster care, the impact it has on his developing brain and body, and how foster parents can best meet the needs of the neglected child in their care. (Author abstract)

Title: New Evidence on the Monetary Value of Saving a High Risk Youth.
Author(s): Cohen, Mark A.;Piquero, Alex R.
Published: 2007
Available from: YouthBuild
http://www.youthbuild.org/
58 Day Street
Somerville, MA 02144
Printable version (PDF): http://www.youthbuild.org/atf/cf/%7B22B5F680-2AF9-4ED2-B948-40C4B32E6198%7D/Generic%20Report%20on%20Monetary%20Savings%20-%20Final.pdf
Abstract: There is growing interest in crime prevention through early youth interventions yet, the standard United States response to the crime problem, particularly among juveniles, has been to increase the use and resource allocation allotted toward punishment and incapacitation and away from prevention and treatment. At the same time, longitudinal studies of delinquency and crime have repeatedly documented a strong link between past and future behavior and have identified a small subset of offenders who commit a large share of criminal offenses. These findings suggest that if these offenders can be identified early and correctly and provided with prevention and treatment resources early in the life course, their criminal activity may be curtailed. While researchers have studied these offenders in great detail, little attention has been paid to the costs they exert on society. This paper provides estimates of the cost of crime imposed on society by high risk youth. Our approach follows and builds upon the early framework and basic methodology developed by Cohen (1998), by using new estimates of the costs of individual crimes, ones that are more comprehensive and that significantly increased the monetary cost per crime. We also use new estimates on the underlying offending rate for high risk juvenile offenders. (Author abstract)

Title: Preventing Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence in Racial/Ethnic Minority Communities: CDC's Demonstration Projects.
Author(s): Whitaker, Daniel J.;Reese, LeRoy.
Published: 2007
Available from: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov
1600 Clifton Rd.
Atlanta, GA 30333
Printable version (PDF): http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/Preventing_IPV_SV.pdf
Abstract: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) are serious public health problems that disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minorities. Recognizing the need for programs that address prevention in minority populations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded 10 demonstration projects in 2000 to develop, implement, and evaluate culturally competent IPV/SV prevention strategies targeted for specific racial/ethnic minority groups. Preventing Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence in Racial/Ethnic Minority Communities: CDC's Demonstration Projects summarizes the work of the funded projects. The purpose of the document is to describe the approaches projects developed and highlight challenges and lessons learned in the development, implementation, and evaluation of IPV/SV prevention programs for racial/ethnic minority populations. (Author abstract)

Title: The Sanctuary Model® of Trauma: Informed Organizational Change.
Author(s): Bloom, Sandra L.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: The Source
v. 16, 1, Summer 2007, p. 12-17
Available from: National Abandoned Infants Assistance Resource Center
http://aia.berkeley.edu
University of California, Berkeley
School of Social Welfare
1950 Addison St., Suite 104
Berkeley, CA 94704
Printable version (PDF): http://aia.berkeley.edu/media/pdf/source_bloom.pdf
Abstract: The Sanctuary Model® is a trauma-informed method for creating or changing an organizational culture. The model was originally developed in a short-term, acute, inpatient psychiatric setting for adults who were traumatized as children. Over the years, it has evolved into an evidence-supported template for system change based on the active creation and maintenance of a nonviolent, democratic, therapeutic community in which staff and clients are empowered as key decision-makers to build a socially responsive, emotionally intelligent community that fosters growth and change. The Sanctuary Model® has proven effective with children and adults across a range of human service organizations, including residential treatment centers, public and private schools, domestic violence shelters, and drug and alcohol treatment centers. To provide some background on the theoretical foundation of this model, this article will address the strong research-based connections between exposure to various forms of childhood adversity and the later abuse of substances and other problematic behaviors as methods for coping with that adversity, and define what it means to have an organizational culture that is truly "traumainformed." The article will then describe the Sanctuary Model® and the use of the "S.E.L.F." tool as a framework to help children, adult clients, and staff to develop a trauma-informed organization. (Author abstract)

Title: Meaningful Parent Involvement: Lessons Learned from the Education System [Teleconference].
Published: 2007
Available from: FRIENDS National Resource Center For Community-Based Child Abuse Prevention
http://www.friendsnrc.org
Chapel Hill Training Outreach Project
800 Eastowne Drive
Suite 105
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
Document available online at: http://www.friendsnrc.org/resources/teleconference.htm#education
Abstract: An experienced parent panel on lessons learned on engaging parents and translating parent involvement for the educational to the social services setting. Includes handouts and audio files.

Title: Barriers to Inclusion and Successful Engagement of Parents in Mainstream Services.
Author(s): Katz, Ilan.;La Placa, Vincent.;Hunter, Sarah.
Published: 2007
Available from: Joseph Rowntree Foundation
http://www.jrf.org.uk/
The Homestead
40 Water End
York, North Yorkshire, YO30 6WP, UK
Printable version (PDF): http://www.jrf.org.uk/bookshop/ebooks/barriers-inclusion-parents.pdf
Abstract: The primary focus of this review is on research evidence addressing the barriers that parents face in engaging with mainstream support services, and the ways that services have successfully responded to overcoming those barriers. The review takes a broad view of "mainstream" services, and includes health, education, social services, youth justice and leisure services. It focuses mainly on preventive services in other words the "primary" and "secondary" levels of the Hardiker Grid (Hardiker, 1992; Hardiker et al., 1995). These refer to services which are either universal or aimed at high-risk families or communities, but not to "tertiary" services such as child protection, looked-after children and parents or children in institutions (for example hospitals, prisons, young offender institutions and children's homes). However, not all the relevant research makes this distinction, and there are some important studies concerning tertiary services that have been included. (Author abstract)

Title: Mental Health Assessment of Infants in Foster Care.
Author(s): Silver, Judith.;Dicker, Sheryl.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Child Welfare
v. 86, 5, September/October 2007, p. 35-55
Available from: National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp
Hunter College School of Social Work
129 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10065
Printable version (PDF): http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/teleconferences/Mental_Health_Assessment_Infants.pdf
Abstract: Infants placed in foster care are at high risk for emotional and behavioral problems. Assessment of their mental health must account for their often-adverse life experiences prior to placement and the involvement of multiple systems that shape their lives in lieu of parents' authority. This article presents practice guidelines for infant mental health evaluations with consideration of legal requirements and the unique issues conferred by foster care. (Author abstract)

Title: Child Welfare Mental Health Screening Initiative Evaluation Progress Report.
Author(s): Clendenning, Daniel.;Lawson, Anthony H.;Quantz, Steven D.;Wright, Eric R.
Published: 2007
Available from: Indiana Family and Social Services Administration
http://www.in.gov/fssa/
P.O. Box 7083
402 W. Washington Street

Indianapolis, IN 46207-7083
Printable version (PDF): http://www.in.gov/fssa/files/childscreeningreport100707.pdf
Abstract: The child welfare mental health screening initiative, sponsored by the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, was developed to identify children with mental health needs who are referred to the child welfare system. The goal of this program is to provide better care to children in need of mental health services and reduce the number of failed placements. Multiple State agencies have been involved in planning and implementing this initiative. During the past year, the agencies have focused on implementing the program, including training county-level field staff on the screening tool, developing formal plans to make referrals for mental health consultations, and actually beginning the screening process. On January 1, 2005, all county agencies began screening all children referred to the State. As part of the project, Dr. Eric R. Wright, Director of The Center for Health Policy and Associate Professor, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, IUPUI and his research staff were asked to initiate an independent evaluation of both the planning and implementation of this initiative. This report is the ninth official evaluation report required under the continuation contract. This report provides an analysis of data for children in placement during the year preceding initiative implementation (benchmark), the six month pilot period, and the first full year and three quarters of implementation. (Author abstract)

Title: A Family-Centered, Community-Based System of Services for Children and Youth With Special Health Care Needs.
Author(s): Perrin, James M.;Romm, Diane.;Bloom, Sheila R.;Homer, Charles J.;Kuhlthau, Karen A.;Cooley, Carl.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
v. 161, 10, October 2007, p. 933-936
Available from: American Medical Association
http://www.ama-assn.org/
515 N. State Street
Chicago, IL 60610
Document available online at: http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/161/10/933
Printable version (PDF): http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/161/10/933
Abstract: Objective: To present a conceptual definition of a family-centered system of services for children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN). Previous work by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau to define CYSHCN has had widespread program effects. This article similarly seeks to provide a definition of a system of services. Design? Comprehensive literature review of systems of services and consensus panel organized to review and refine the definition. Setting: Policy research group and advisors at multiple sites. Participants: Policy researchers, content experts on CYSHCN, family representatives, and state program directors. Outcome: Definition of a system of services for CYSHCN. Results: This article defines a system of services for CYSHCN as a family-centered network of community-based services designed to promote the healthy development and well-being of these children and their families. The definition can guide discussion among policy makers, practitioners, state programs, researchers, and families for implementing the "community-based systems of services" contained in Title V of the Social Security Act. Critical characteristics of a system include coordination of child and family services, effective communication among providers and the family, family partnership in care provision, and flexibility. Conclusions: This definition provides a conceptual model that can help measurement development and assessment of how well systems work and achieve their goals. Currently available performance objectives for the provision of care for CYSHCN and national surveys of child health could be modified to assess systems of services in general. (Author abstract)

Title: Positive Discipline: What it is and how to do it.
Author(s): Durrant, Joan E.
Published: 2007
Available from: Child Rights Information Network (CRIN)
http://www.crin.org
c/o Save the Children
1 St John's Lane
London EC1M 4AR United Kingdom
Printable version (PDF): http://www.crin.org/docs/PositiveDisciplineManual_Final.pdf
Abstract: This publication addresses the recommendations of the 2006 UN World Report on Violence against Children that calls for the elimination of all corporal punishment of children and the promotion of positive discipline.It dismisses the common belief that children learn through physical pain and aims to provide concrete answers to parents who want to raise their children without corporal punishment. Positive discipline is explained through four basic principles that highlight the links among child development, effective parenting and children's rights. A unique feature of the book is that it provides ways to shift from impulsive punitive responses to thought-out constructive responses that support long term parenting goals. (Author abstract)

Title: Child Protection and Parent Training Programs [Transcript].
Author(s): Barth, Richard.;Haskins, Ron.;Wulczyn, Fred.;Cherna, Marc.;Simms, Kathy.;Blount, Bernadette.;Johnson, Nancy.;Josey-Herring, Anita.;Knitzer, Jane.
Published: 2007
Available from: Brookings Institution
http://www.brookings.edu
1775 Massachusetts Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20036
Printable version (PDF): http://www3.brookings.edu/comm/events/20070726.pdf
Abstract: Harmful parenting practices put children at risk of physical harm and place their long-term development and well-being at risk. Parent training services are becoming an increasingly important focus in child welfare policy because they have the potential to reduce child maltreatment and improve children's development and well-being. Research shows that the nation's child protection programs do not often use parent training programs and even when they do they tend to use programs that have little or no validation of their effectiveness. On July 26, 2007, the Center on Children and Families hosted a panel of researchers, administrators, and child and parent advocates to discuss parent training programs, their implementation, and their effects on children who come to the attention of the child protection system. (Author abstract)

Title: Effects of Nurse Home Visiting on Maternal and Child Functioning: Age-9 Follow-up of a Randomized Trial.
Author(s): Olds, David L.;Kitzman, Harriet.;Hanks, Carole.;Cole, Robert.;Anson, Elizabeth.;Sidora-Arcoleo, Kimberly.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Pediatrics
v. 120, 4, October 2007, p. e832-e845
Available from: American Academy of Pediatrics
http://www.aap.org
141 Northwest Point Boulevard
Elk Grove, IL 60007-1098
Document available online at: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/120/4/e832?etoc
Printable version (PDF): http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/120/4/e832
Abstract: OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to test the effect of prenatal and infancy home visits by nurses on mothers' fertility and children's functioning 7 years after the program ended at child age 2. METHODS. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial in a public system of obstetric and pediatric care. A total of 743 primarily black women <29 weeks' gestation, with previous live births and at least 2 sociodemographic risk characteristics (unmarried, <12 years of education, unemployed), were randomly assigned to receive nurse home visits or comparison services. Primary outcomes consisted of intervals between births of first and second children and number of children born per year; mothers' stability of relationships with partners and relationships with the biological father of the child; mothers' use of welfare, food stamps, and Medicaid; mothers' use of substances; mothers' arrests and incarcerations; and children's academic achievement, school conduct, and mental disorders. Secondary outcomes were the sequelae of subsequent pregnancies, women's employment, experience of domestic violence, and children's mortality. RESULTS. Nurse-visited women had longer intervals between births of first and second children, fewer cumulative subsequent births per year, and longer relationships with current partners. From birth through child age 9, nurse-visited women used welfare and food stamps for fewer months. Nurse-visited children born to mothers with low psychological resources, compared with control-group counterparts, had better grade-point averages and achievement test scores in math and reading in grades 1 through 3. Nurse-visited children, as a trend, were less likely to die from birth through age 9, an effect accounted for by deaths that were attributable to potentially preventable causes. CONCLUSIONS. By child age 9, the program reduced women's rates of subsequent births, increased the intervals between the births of first and second children, increased the stability of their relationships with partners, facilitated children's academic adjustment to elementary school, and seems to have reduced childhood mortality from preventable causes. (Author abstract)

Title: The Family Assessment Program: Trajectories and Effects.
Author(s): Choudhry, Roohi.
Published: 2007
Available from: Vera Institute of Justice
http://www.vera.org/
233 Broadway, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10279
Printable version (PDF): http://www.vera.org/publication_pdf/415_798.pdf
Abstract: This report discusses the findings of a follow-up study that investigated the effects of the Family Assessment Program (FAP) in New York City. First launched in December 2002, FAP aims to connect children and families in crisis to appropriate services more quickly and to reduce reliance on the family court in Persons In Need of Supervision (PINS) cases and reduce the number out-of-home placements for PINS youth. The study began by interviewing 100 youth and their parents who had approached FAP offices in the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens between March and September, 2006. Three months later, 75 of the families were able to be contacted for follow-up interviews. Both interviews used a variety of standardized instruments to evaluate youths' mental health, substance use, school attendance, and family functioning. Results of the two interviews were compared to determine the program's possible impact over time. Respondents were also asked about service referral appointments and levels of satisfaction with FAP in the follow-up interview. Findings indicate: young people served by FAP often suffer from complex mental health issues; 75% of youth studied were referred to the Designated Assessment Service (DAS), which offers a more comprehensive assessment and targeted service referrals; 20% of youth studied scheduled an appointment with a referred service on the same day as the FAP intake; 3 months after the FAP intervention, many of the young people showed improvement on several mental health indicators, including suicidal ideation; and 3 months after the FAP intervention, the youth demonstrated reduced stress from conflict and improved perceptions of family function. 24 references and 18 figures.

Title: Supervised Visitation [Website].
Published: 2007
Available from: California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare
http://www.cachildwelfareclearinghouse.org/
Chadwick Center for Children and Families
Children's Hospital and Health Center
3020 Children's Way, MC 5017
San Diego, CA 92123
Document available online at: http://www.cachildwelfareclearinghouse.org/search/topical-area/15
Abstract: The California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (CEBC) website is designed to allow you access to a summary of practice topical areas or programs relevant to one or more major child welfare goals. This link allows you to view the programs that have been reviewed and rated by the CEBC in the Supervised Visitation topical area. Results are shown only for the programs that have been rated in each category. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Initial Report on the Empowering Families of Milwaukee Home Visiting Program, July 2005 - December 2006.
Published: 2007
Available from: Wisconsin Department of Health Services
http://dhs.wisconsin.gov/
1 West Wilson Street
Madison, WI 53703
Printable version (PDF): http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/aboutDHFS/OPIB/policyresearch/EmpoweringFamiliesofMilwaukee.pdf
Abstract: Empowering Families of Milwaukee (EFM) is a comprehensive community-based home visiting program operated by the City of Milwaukee Health Department. The program is funded for five years by the Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services (DHFS). The City of Milwaukee Health Department was selected to implement the home visiting program through a competitive Request for Proposal process in July of 2005. Aurora Family Services was selected as a partner agency for the initial 18-month contract period based on its experience in providing home visiting services. This report provides an overview of program planning and initial implementation in the first 18 months of the program (July 2005 through December 2006). (Author abstract)

Title: FASD and The Use of Helmets: A Course for Parents.
Published: 2007
Available from: Alaska Center for Resource Families
http://www.acrf.org/
815 Second Avenue, Suite 101
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Document available online at: http://www.acrf.org/education/helmetCourse/habout.htm
Abstract: This course explores the proper fitting and use of bike helmets with children, specifically children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. The course explores how FASD may necessitate special care in the fitting of helmets and the proper education of children. Suggestions for caregivers are presented and resources for further teaching bike safety and helmet safety are given. This course is based on the publication FASD and the Use of Helmets funded with a grant from the State of Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Division of Behavioral Health to the Southcentral Foundation FAS Diagnostic Clinic in Anchorage, Alaska and used here with permission. (Author abstract)

Title: Ongoing Connections: Parenting Curriculum Trainer's Guide.
Author(s): Sturgeon, Virginia.
Published: 2007
Available from: National Child Welfare Resource Center for Adoption
http://www.nrcadoption.org
16250 Northland Drive
Suite 120
Southfield, MI 48075
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nrcadoption.org/youthpermanencycluster/Adoptions%20Unlimited/Resources/FCP-ParentCurriculum-Final.pdf
Abstract: This trainer's guide presents a curriculum designed to prepare prospective adoptive parents and others interested in offering a permanent family to older youth in the foster care system. It explores the importance of permanence for the youth as well as the benefits gained when the youth maintain connections with significant people from their past after they join a family. Step by step instructions are provided for conducting six modules that address: the purpose of the training; the importance of maintaining connections with significant people in your youth; how self-identify and self-confidence is impacted by personal connections; fears and concerns that adoptive families might have about maintaining connections from the past; building partnerships with youth's connections; and establishing ongoing connections. Modules include notes for trainers and group activities.

Title: Strategies for System Change in Children's Mental Health: A Chapter Action Kit.
Published: 2007
Available from: American Academy of Pediatrics
http://www.aap.org
141 Northwest Point Boulevard
Elk Grove, IL 60007-1098
Document available online at: http://www.aap.org/mentalhealth/mh2ch.html
Printable version (PDF): http://www.aap.org/mentalhealth/cak/final%20cak.pdf
Abstract: This document is meant to assist AAP chapters in addressing and improving children's mental health in primary care in their state. It focuses on 6 core action areas that provide strategies for improving children's mental health programs and services. Within each core action area, information is included on the overall issue, implications for AAP chapter work, suggested chapter strategies, resources for further information, and selected tools related to the topic. The Kit is not intended to be exhaustive but rather to help serve as a starting point for chapter efforts. Each AAP chapter will want to consider and tailor their activities and strategies specific to their own state issues, needs, and chapter resources. (Author abstract)

Title: Family Team Decision-Making Meetings: Frequently Asked Questions by Social Workers.
Published: 2006
Available from: Washington State Department of Social and Health Services
http://www1.dshs.wa.gov/
DSHS Constituent Services
PO Box 45130
Olympia, WA 98504-5130
Printable version (PDF): http://www1.dshs.wa.gov/pdf/Publications/22-1171.pdf
Abstract: A list of frequently asked questions about family team decision-making.

Title: Foster PRIDE Digital Curriculum.
Published: 2006
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Abstract: Developed in concert with Governor's State University, this new interactive version of Foster PRIDE Core contains dramatizations, role-playing exercises, and internal assessment tools. The Foster PRIDE Digital Curriculum can be used as a supplement to classroom training or an 'anytime, anywhere" distance learning option for foster parents. Foster PRIDE Core is an in-service training program for new and experienced foster parents, much of which may also be of interest to adoptive parents. PRIDE Core consists of 11 modules of competency-based inservice training. The modules, which total 87 hours of training, range in duration from 3 to 15 hours each. Each module includes a Trainer's Guide and a PRIDEBook, which contains all the resource materials participants will use in the sessions and at home: worksheets, a summary of session content, and resource readings. Foster PRIDE Core resources include: Module 1: The Foundation for Meeting the Developmental Needs of Children at Risk (4 discs) Module 2: Using Discipline to Protect, Nurture, and Meet Developmental Needs (3 discs) Module 3: Addressing Developmental Issues Related to Sexuality (1 disc) Module 4: Responding to the Signs and Symptoms of Sexual Abuse (2 discs) Module 5: Supporting Relationships between Children and Their Families (3 discs) Module 6: Working as a Professional Team Member (3 discs) Module 7: Promoting Children's Personal and Cultural Identity (2 discs) Module 8: Promoting Permanency Outcomes (4 discs) (Author abstract, modified) Module 9: Managing the Fostering Experience (2 discs)

Title: Gulf Coast Hurricanes: Addressing Survivors' Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment Needs.
Author(s): Sundararaman, Ramya.;Lister, Sarah A.;Williams, Erin D.
Published: 2006
Abstract: This report describes federal assistance programs in HHS that address mental health and substance abuse problems following disasters. In addition, relevant policy issues are presented in the context of the 2005 hurricanes, and several prior disasters. Three appendices provide information on CCP awards made to states in response to Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma, and on the scope of services that constitute mental health treatment. This report will be updated as circumstances warrant. (Author abstract)

Title: Fire Safety Training Course for Resource Families.
Published: 2006
Available from: Alaska Center for Resource Families
http://www.acrf.org/
815 Second Avenue, Suite 101
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Document available online at: http://www.acrf.org/education/FireSafetyCourse/fabout.htm
Abstract: This course will explore how the resource family can be "fire smart" and "emergency ready." Families will learn about conducting effective fire drills, using a fire extinguisher correctly, identifying potentially dangerous firesetting behaviors in children, and promote general home safety. Alaska resource families will also learn what the foster care regulations require of licensed foster families regarding fire safety. (Author abstract)

Title: Editorial : the role of early stressors in child health and mental health outcomes.
Author(s): Flaherty, Emalee G.;Thompson, Richard.;Litrownik, Alan J.;Theodore, Adrea.;English, Diana J.;Black, Maureen M.;Wike, Traci.;Whimper, Lakecia.;Runyan, Desmond K.;Dubowitz, Howard.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
v. 160, 12, December 2006, p. 1300-1301
Available from: American Medical Association
http://www.ama-assn.org/
515 N. State Street
Chicago, IL 60610
Abstract: Starting out life with a depressed or an abusive parent appears to make a number of issues challenging for children. Infants are dependent on caregivers for help with regulating behavior, physiological state, and emotions. With development, children increasingly take over these functions themselves. When a caregiver is unresponsive (as often happens with a depressed caregiver) or frightening (as often happens with a maltreating caregiver), children may not receive the help they need in taking over these regulatory functions. There has been strong evidence that these and other early environmental risk factors place children at increased risk for a host of psychological and social problems. (Author abstract)

Title: Critical Connections for Children Who are Abused and Neglected: Harnessing the New Federal Referral Provisions for Early Intervention.
Author(s): Dicker, Sheryl.;Gordon, Elysa.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Infants & Young Children
v. 19, 3, July/September 2006, p. 170-178
Available from: National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp
Hunter College School of Social Work
129 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10065
Printable version (PDF): http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/teleconferences/Critical_Connections.pdf
Abstract: This article highlights strategies that link the child welfare, court, and Early Intervention systems to enhance the healthy development of young children in foster care. It spotlights the need for infants and young children in foster care to be referred to the Early Intervention Program (EIP) and outlines the importance of implementing the new Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act Part C referral provisions. It outlines the barriers to the EIP for maltreated children and identifies strategies to ensure referral and successful navigation of the EIP. The authors will describe several innovative, collaborative programs that link child protective services, health, mental health, and developmental services and provide cross-system training and funding to facilitate early intervention diagnosis and treatment for young children in foster care. (Author abstract)

Title: La crianza conjunta de los hijos, ya sea al vivir juntoso separados. (Spanish version of Co-Parenting, Whether You Live Together or Apart : Parenting as a Team)
Published: 2006
Available from: Prevent Child Abuse America
http://www.preventchildabuse.org/index.shtml
500 North Michigan Avenue
Suite 200
Chicago, IL 60611
Abstract: This booklet describes strategies adults can use to co-parent effectively whether living together or apart. Information is provided on the benefits of co-parenting, developing a parenting plan, building a strong parenting team, communicating effectively, working out disagreements, providing appropriate discipline to children, and working as a team with your co-parent. Specific tips are then given for co-parenting when parents are living apart. Este folleto describe estrategias que los adultos pueden usar para criar conjuntamente de manera efectiva ya sea que viven juntos o separados. Se provee información sobre los beneficios de la crianza conjunta, cómo desarrollar un plan de crianza, cómo construir un equipo sólido de crianza, cómo comunicarse efectivamente, cómo resolver los desacuerdos, cómo administrar la disciplina adecuada a los niños, y cómo trabajar en equipo con su co-padre. Luego se proveen consejos específicos para la crianza conjunta cuando los padres están viviendo por separado.

Title: The Internet For Parents: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.
Author(s): Keech, Tamara L.
Published: 2006
Available from: Alaska Center for Resource Families
http://www.acrf.org/
815 Second Avenue, Suite 101
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Printable version (PDF): http://www.acrf.org/education/Feature/InternetCourse.pdf
Abstract: This self-study for foster parents looks at: What is the Internet? What is chat and chat rooms? Preventing your child from being a victim, and Protecting your family online. (Author abstract)

Title: Finding the bicultural balance : immigrant Latino mothers raising "American" adolescents.
Author(s): Quinones-Mayo, Yolanda.;Dempsey, Patricia.
Published: 2005
Journal Name: Child Welfare
v. LXXXIV, September/October 2005,
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Abstract: This article discusses the cross-cultural issues that confront immigrant Latino parents living and raising adolescents in the United States. Emphasis is placed on the need for social work practioners, who, as they aid a family's integration into mainstream society, will listen to the parents' concerns and incorporate their past experiences and traditional culture into the assessment and treatment processes. Implications for practice, programs, and policy are also discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Juvenile Justice and Mental Health: Working Together for the Best Outcomes for Youth With Serious Emotional Disorders.
Author(s): Burrell, Joyce.
Published: 2005
Available from: Technical Assistance Partnership for Child and Family Mental Health
http://www.tapartnership.org/
1000 Thomas Jefferson Street, NW, Suite 400
Washington, DC 20007
Printable version (PDF): http://www.tapartnership.org/advisors/juvenile_justice/downloads/JJ_MH_Pub.pdf
Abstract: This guide is intended for family members, non-clinical juvenile justice practitioners, and administrators, as well as other stakeholders in system of care communities who are interested in improving mental health service delivery to all children with serious emotional disorders, including those in the juvenile justice system. The guide provides an overview of some of the mental health issues facing many of the children and adolescents in the juvenile justice population. It presents how incarceration is used as a frequent response to juvenile crime associated with existing mental health problems among youth. This guide presents information on the prevalence of mental health disorders in the juvenile justice population and information on screening and assessment. Also included throughout the guide are reflective questions to facilitate the use of the information. (Author abstract)

Title: Do Early Childhood Intervention Programs Really Work?
Author(s): Crane, Jonathan.;Barg, Mallory.
Published: 2003
Available from: Council for Excellence in Government
http://www.excelgov.org/
1301 K Street NW, Suite 450 West
Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://www.evidencebasedprograms.org/static/pdfs/Do%20Early%20Intervention%20Programs%20Really%20Work7.pdf
Abstract: This paper explores the effectiveness of early intervention programs by reviewing the methodology and results of five studies that investigated early intervention program outcomes. An introduction explains the development of early intervention programs, followed by a discussion on the impact of early intervention programs on child intellectual development. Research results are then shared from the five studies: the Abecedarian Project that provided extremely intensive educational enrichment to disadvantaged children, beginning just six weeks after birth and lasting until kindergarten; the Milwaukee Project that provided intellectual enrichment to the children of mothers who were classified as mentally retarded or near retarded; the Chicago Child-Parent Centers (CPCs) that provide educational enrichment and family support to children between the ages of 3 and 9 in conjunction with the city's public schools; the Perry Preschool that applied classic principles of child development to create a nurturing environment which would foster social, emotional, and cognitive growth; and the Syracuse University Family Development Research Program that provided home visits and high quality child care to low-income, mainly African-American families. The review found four of the five studies had the largest impacts on the most extreme social problems, such as violent crime. In the fifth program, the Abecedarian, the effects on crime were large but the educational effects were even larger. It is recommended that policymakers and professionals wait until results of a major long-term follow-up evaluation of a large-scale early intervention program, the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP), are provided before moving ahead on early intervention policy initiatives. Finally, strategies for turning Head Start centers into faithful replicas of model programs are discussed. 20 references.

Title: 308 Adult Psychopathology: Depression Disorder.
Author(s): Anderson, Denise.
Published: 2002
Available from: Pennsylvania Child Welfare Training Program
http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu
University of Pittsburgh, School of Social Work
403 East Winding Hill Road
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
Printable version (PDF): http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu/Curriculum/308AdultPsychopathologyDepressionDisorder.html
Abstract: Participants in this training will be able to: Use the DSM IV to identify the signs and symptoms of Depression in the Major, Moderate, Mild and Dysthymic diagnosis; Use the DSM IV to identify the features that can accompany the diagnosis of Depression: Mild, Moderate, Severe, Psychotic, Chronic, Catatonic, Postpartum, Melancholic, Partial and full remission, Seasonal Pattern, Atypical and Interepisode Recovery; Identify how the parent's/caregiver's mental health diagnosis of Depression may impact the child's growth and development (physical, mental, emotional, social); Identify how culture impacts the diagnosis of Depression and it's treatment; Identify when parent/caregiver with the diagnosis of Depression may need mental health services; and Identify community and medical treatment resources for individuals diagnosed with Depression and the family or children it impacts upon. (Author abstract)

Title: Facts on Kids in South Dakota : Families and Fathers.
Published: 2002
Available from: South Dakota KIDS COUNT
http://www.usd.edu/sdkidscount/
University of South Dakota
Vermillion, SD 57069
Printable version (PDF): http://www.aecf.org/upload/publicationfiles/sd%20families%20-fathers.pdf
Abstract: This fact sheet is the ninth in the series of Fact on Kids in South Dakota. Each issue takes a look at the specific indicator of child well-being. The focus on this issue is on families and fathers. To grow up safe and healthily children today needs support from the school, the community and most importantly their family. (Author abstract)

Title: 308 Adult Psychopathology: Bipolar Disorder.
Author(s): Anderson, Denise.
Published: 2002
Available from: Pennsylvania Child Welfare Training Program
http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu
University of Pittsburgh, School of Social Work
403 East Winding Hill Road
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
Printable version (PDF): http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu/Curriculum/308AdultPsychopathologyBipolarDisorder.html
Abstract: Participants in this training will be able to: Identify the signs and symptoms of Bipolar Disorder in the Manic, Hypomanic, Mixed, Depressed, Depressive with Hypomanic episodes, Cyclothymic and Unspecified episodes; Identify the features that can accompany the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder: Mild, Moderate, Severe, Psychotic, Chronic, Catatonic, Postpartum, Melancholic, Partial and full remission, Rapid Cycling, Seasonal Pattern, Atypical, Interepisode Recovery, and Substance Induced; Identify how the parent's/caregiver's mental health diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder may impact the child's growth and development (physical, mental, emotional, social); Identify how culture impacts the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder and its treatment; Identify when parent/caregiver with the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder may need mental health services; and Identify community and medical treatment resources for individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder and the family or children it impacts upon. (Author abstract)

Title: Working With Children and Young People With Mental Health Problems and Their Families and Whànau: A Guide for Child, Youth and Family Staff.
Published: 2002
Available from: New Zealand Department of Child, Youth, and Family Services
http://www.cyf.govt.nz/
Ground Floor, Bowen State Building
Bowen Street
PO Box 2620
Wellington, New Zealand
Printable version (PDF): http://www.cyf.govt.nz/documents/mentalHealthGuidelines2002.pdf
Abstract: This resource guide has been developed to assist social workers who are working with children and young people who may have mental health problems and their families/whànau. While the guidelines contain some information about mental health problems and how to recognise these, they are not a substitute for a specialist mental health assessment. The guidelines should assist social workers to identify where a child or young person may need to be involved with mental health services and provide some information about services available to support their caregivers. These guidelines are intended to be used in conjunction with the Care and Protection and Youth Justice Handbook (C&P and YJ Handbook) and Child, Youth and Family assessment tools and programmes. While the guidelines are comprehensive, an effort has been made to keep additional information to a minimum. (Author abstract)

Title: Ideas for Preventing Child Abuse in American Indian Communities.
Published: 2001
Available from: National Indian Child Welfare Association (NICWA)
http://www.nicwa.org/
5100 S.W. Macadam Avenue, Suite 300
Portland, OR 97239
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nicwa.org/resources/library/abuse/2001ways.pdf
Abstract: Planning, Kick-off activities, Mass Media Activities, Public Awareness Activities, Organizational Activities, Schools, Activities with Tribal Governments and American Indian Leaders, Activities with other organizations, Activities involving the religious and spiritual communities, Fund Raising activities, and Resources. (Author abstract)

Title: Family services systems reform in Pennsylvania : an assessment of impact and opportunity.
Author(s): Bruner, Charles.
Published: 2000
Available from: Child and Family Policy Center
http://www.cfpciowa.org
218 6th Avenue
Suite 1021
Des Moines, IA 50309
Printable version (PDF): http://web.archive.org/web/20030623091935/http://www.cfpciowa.org/pdf/OP23FamilyServiceSystemsReforminPA.pdf
Abstract: In 1995, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania initiated the Family Service Systems Reform (FSSR)Initiative. FSSR was designed to support community collaborative board activities that could draw from the earlier Family Centers grant program to reform larger public systems serving children. FSSR collaborative boards identify local assets, interests and needs; set priorities; and direct resources to build strong and integrated service networks. Fifty Pennsylvania counties now receive FSSR funding to better integrate service networks and improve child and family well-being across one or more of six broad outcome areas: prenatal and children's health, healthy development during childhood, school readiness, school success, family stability, and safe communities. The average annual grant to counties is $150,000. Through site visits with 12 FSSR Initiatives, this report assesses what FSSR has been able to achieve to date, drawing from onsite interviews and focus groups with a wide variety of stakeholders in children and family services. The interviews indicate: (1) that the commonwealth funding and support has enabled FSSR sites to undertake activities that otherwise would not have been possible; (2) both direct funding and the technical assistance provided to FSSR sites have fostered a diverse array of specific activities and impacts, including improved results for children and families on one or more dimensions of well-being, improved cross-system coordination and integration, greater attention to outcome-based planning and accountability, increased consumer involvement and leadership, and redirection of categorical funding resources toward and expansion of prevention activities, particularly through Family Centers; (3) FSSRs have sponsored a diverse array of special projects and community events, where ideas can be put into action without the administrative and bureaucratic challenges sometimes faced in mainstream public systems; (4) FSSR Initiatives have broadened the base of ownership and facilitated intra-organizational change; (5) Family Centers have contributed to the gains that many FSSR sites have achieved by modeling new service approaches and by enlisting consumers and community residents in the process; (6) FSSR often has provided a visibility and recognition for the value of cross-systems work, as well as the resources to sustain collaborative planning processes; and (7) FSSR Initiatives have fostered integration with other collaborative efforts. Recommendations for long-term goals for system reform are discussed. (Author abstract modified)

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