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Prevention - Results (70 Publications)

Title: Helping Parents to Manage Infant Crying and Sleeping: a Review of the Evidence and Its Implications for Services.
Author(s): St James-Roberts, Ian.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Child Abuse Review
v. 16, 1, January-February 2007, p. 47-69
Available from: Wiley Interscience.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: Infant crying and night waking are common concerns for parents, costly problems for health services and may trigger infant abuse or lead to serious child disturbances. Parents are given contradictory advice on how to manage infant crying and sleeping, indicating the need for evidence-based guidance. This review of recent research draws distinctions between infant crying and sleeping problems, between the problem identified by parents and the infant behaviour underlying the problem, between different types of crying behaviour and their causes, and between the types of cases which present at different ages. It proposes that the two main approaches to parenting advocated by baby-care experts, infant-demand and structured parenting, have different benefits, and costs. Comparative studies have found that infant-demand parenting is associated with low amounts of fussing and crying in the first three months of age, but with night waking which continues beyond three months. Randomised controlled trials have provided evidence that structured parenting leads to more overall fussing and crying during the first three months, but reduced night waking and crying after that. The findings are translated into recommendations for preventing and treating infant crying and sleeping problems, for policy debate, and for further research. (Author abstract)

Title: A Qualitative Study of Homeless Fathers : Exploring Parenting and Gender Role Transitions.
Author(s): Schindler, Holly S.;Coley, Rebekah L.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Family relations
v. 56, 1, January 2007, p. 40-51
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: The present qualitative research focuses on homeless fathers living with their children in family shelters. Data were collected through semistructured, face-to-face interviews with homeless fathers (n = 9) and shelter directors (n = 3). Findings suggest that how fathers made meaning of their experiences in a homeless shelter was related to contextual factors and constructions of masculinity. Contextual constraints deriving from unemployment, behavioral and psychological restrictions of shelters, and new parenting roles led men to reassess their parental and masculine role identities. Results further suggest that homeless shelters may provide a unique point for intervention services to assist poor fathers. (Author abstract).

Title: The Implications of US Experiences With Early Childhood Interventions for the UK Sure Start Programme.
Author(s): Gray, R.;Francis, Elizabeth.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Child: Care, Health and Development
OnlineEarly 26-Jan-2007,
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: Background: The UK Government introduced a large-scale early childhood intervention programme, Sure Start, in 1999. Sure Start is to be further expanded, to achieve national coverage. US experience is highly relevant for anticipating challenges that this expansion will raise. Methods: This is a focused, narrative review. We examine the impact, funding, quality-improvement and programme objectives of Head Start and Early Head Start programmes. Results: (1) Early childhood interventions can make a significant difference to children's life chances; (2) expansion without adequate funding threatens quality; (3) narrower objectives, which are easier to measure, can crowd out broader objectives, which are difficult to measure; (4) programmes must balance fidelity to the model and flexibility to local conditions; (5) multiple objectives may conflict; and (6) programmes may have differential impacts. We consider the implications of these findings for Sure Start, focusing on funding, quality control and parental involvement. We also consider that the potential Sure Start should offer for tackling health inequalities in early childhood and suggest ways in which this aspect of the Programme could be enhanced. Conclusion: Head Start has been dogged by concerns about quality and effectiveness. Many of these problems stemmed from an over-hasty expansion, which locked the Programme into inadequate funding and uneven project- and staff-quality. These issues have been addressed through large funding increases and more rigorous performance measures. Nevertheless, concerns about the aims of the Programme and the extent of parental involvement in management remain. Current funding for Sure Start appears to be adequate, while systematic evaluation procedures have been built in from its inception. Concerns have been raised about the implications of expansion for funding, quality and for parental involvement in management of local programmes. US experience shows that these are centrally important issues and that, if they are not addressed early on, they can take many years to rectify. (Author abstract)

Title: Adolescent Fathers' Parenting Stress, Social Support and Involvement With Infants.
Author(s): Fagan, Jay.;Bernd, Elisa.;Whiteman, Valerie.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Journal of research on adolescence
v. 17, 1, March 2007, p. 1-22
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: The present study examined the relationship between concurrent measures of adolescent fathers' parenting stress, social support, and fathers' care-giving involvement with the 3-month-old infant, controlling for fathers' prenatal involvement. The study sample consisted of 50 teenage father-mother dyads. Findings from multivariate regression revealed that fathers' parenting stress was significantly and negatively related to fathers' care giving as perceived by both fathers and mothers. The relationship between support for father involvement provided by the young man's parents and father reported care-giving involvement approached significance. Social support from both teenagers' parents buffered the negative influence of parenting stress on fathers' involvement with the baby. Policy and intervention implications are discussed.

Title: How Effective Are Family Treatment Drug Courts? Outcomes From a Four-Site National Study.
Author(s): Green, Beth L.;Furrer, Carrie.;Worcel, Sonia.;Burrus, Scott.;Finigan, Michael.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Child Maltreatment
v. 12, 1, February 2007, p. 43-59
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Family treatment drug courts (FTDCs) are a rapidly expanding program model designed to improve treatment and child welfare outcomes for families involved in child welfare who have substance abuse problems. The present study compares outcomes for 250 FTDC participants to those of similar parents who did not receive FTDC services in four sites. Results show that FTDC parents, compared to comparison parents, entered substance abuse treatment more quickly, stayed in treatment longer, and completed more treatment episodes. Furthermore, children of FTDC parents entered permanent placements more quickly and were more likely to be reunified with their parents, compared to children of non-FTDC participants. Finally, the FTDC program appears to have a "value added" in facilitating positive child welfare outcomes above and beyond the influence of positive treatment experiences. (Author abstract)

Title: Using Household Survey Data to Inform Policy Decisions Regarding the Delivery of Evidence-Based Parenting Interventions.
Author(s): Sanders, M. R.;Markie-Dadds, C.;Rinaldis, M.;Firman, David.;Baig, Natalie.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Child: Care, Health and Development
OnlineEarly 15-Jan-2007,
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: Background: This study used household survey data on the prevalence of child, parent and family variables to establish potential targets for a population-level intervention to strengthen parenting skills in the community. The goals of the intervention include decreasing child conduct problems, increasing parental self-efficacy, use of positive parenting strategies, decreasing coercive parenting and increasing help-seeking, social support and participation in positive parenting programmes. Methods: A total of 4010 parents with a child under the age of 12 years completed a statewide telephone survey on parenting. Results: One in three parents reported that their child had a behavioural or emotional problem in the previous 6 months. Furthermore, 9% of children aged 2-12 years meet criteria for oppositional defiant disorder. Parents who reported their child's behaviour to be difficult were more likely to perceive parenting as a negative experience (i.e. demanding, stressful and depressing). Parents with greatest difficulties were mothers without partners and who had low levels of confidence in their parenting roles. About 20% of parents reported being stressed and 5% reported being depressed in the 2 weeks prior to the survey. Parents with personal adjustment problems had lower levels of parenting confidence and their child was more difficult to manage. Only one in four parents had participated in a parent education programme. Conclusions: Implications for the setting of population-level goals and targets for strengthening parenting skills are discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Alone No More : Recognizing Post-Adoption Depression.
Author(s): Bucher, Heatherly.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Adoption Today
v. 9, 3, December/January 2007, p. 11-13
Available from: Louis and Co. Publishing
541 East Garden Drive
Unit N
Windsor, CO 80550
Abstract: The symptoms of Post-Adoption Depression Syndrome (PADS) are described, along with the strategies for preparing for the possibility of PADS. Evaluation tools are discussed and include journaling and qualitative assessments. Finally, tips for seeking support are provided.

Title: Ten Things You Can Do for Child Abuse Prevention Month.
Published: 2007
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Document available online at: http://www.cwla.org/advocacy/memorialflagprevent.htm
Abstract: A list of ten ways to participate in Child Abuse Prevention Month.

Title: Promueva la salud familiar en su comunidad [póster] (Promoting Healthy Families in Your Community [poster])
Published: 2007
Available from: Child Welfare Information Gateway
http://www.childwelfare.gov
Children's Bureau/ACYF
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW
Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Printable version (PDF): http://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/res_packet_2007/packet_poster.pdf
Abstract: This poster for Child Abuse Prevention Month 2007 identifies how professionals working with parents and caregivers can support and enhance five protective factors that increase the safety and well-being of children.

Este póster para el Mes Nacional de la Prevención del Abuso Infantil 2007 incluye actividades para los profesionales que trabajan con padres y cuidadores con el fin de garantizar el bienestar de menores.

Title: Investment in Child Quality Over Marital States.
Author(s): Brown, Meta.;Flinn, Christopher J.
Published: 2007
Available from: Institute for Research on Poverty
http://www.irp.wisc.edu
University of Wisconsin-Madison
1180 Observatory Drive
3412 Social Science Building
Madison, WI 53706-1393
Printable version (PDF): http://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/dps/pdfs/dp132007.pdf
Abstract: Policies governing divorce and parenting, such as child support orders and enforcement, child custody regulations, and marital dissolution requirements, can have a large impact on the welfare of parents and children. Recent research has produced evidence on the responses of divorce rates to unilateral divorce laws and child support enforcement. In this paper the authors argue that in order to assess the child welfare impact of family policies, one must consider their influence on parents' investments in their children as well as the stability of the marginal marriage. Further, the authors expect that changes in the regulatory environment induce changes in the distribution of resources within both intact and divided families. The authors develop a continuous time model of parents' marital status choices and investments in children, with the main goal being the determination of how policies toward divorce influence outcomes for children. Estimates are derived for model parameters of interest using the method of simulated moments, and simulations based on the model explore the effects of changes in custody allocations and child support standards on outcomes for children of married and divorced parents. We find that, while small changes in children's academic attainment are induced by significant shifts in custody and support, the major effects of these policies in both intact and divided households are on the distribution of welfare between parents. In addition, children's attainments are not necessarily best served by the divorce-minimizing policy. (Author abstract)

Title: Childhood Neglect and Adulthood Involvement in HIV-Related Risk Behaviors.
Author(s): Klein, Hugh.;Elifson, Kirk W.;Sterk, Claire E.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Child Abuse & Neglect
v. 31, 1, January 2007, p. 39-53
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Much research has been done to examine the long-term effects of being victimized by sexual, physical, and/or emotional abuse in childhood, but much less research has focused on the impact of childhood neglect experiences. This study examines the role that childhood neglect has on adult women's involvement in HIV-related risky behaviors. METHODS: The data come from a study of 250 "at risk" women living in the Atlanta, GA metropolitan area, most of whom were African American. Data were collected in face-to-face interviews between 1997 and 2000. Multiple regression was used to explore the relationship between childhood neglect experiences, self-esteem, attitudes toward condom use, and involvement in HIV-related risky behaviors. RESULTS: Overall, the model tested received strong support by the study data. Childhood neglect led to reduced self-esteem. Neglect was associated with worsened attitudes toward condom use and women who experienced childhood neglect also reported more involvement in HIV risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: HIV intervention programs ought to target women who have experienced childhood neglect, as neglect experiences have adverse impacts upon their self-esteem, condom-related attitudes, and HIV risk behavior practices in adulthood. (Author abstract)

Title: Cultural Diversity and Families : Expanding Perspectives.
Author(s): Sherif-Trask, Bahira.;Hamon, Raeann R.
Published: 2007
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: This text investigates how concepts of cultural diversity have shaped the study of families from theoretical and applied perspectives, and explores the impact of family diversity in different areas. It consciously emphasizes the impact of culture, socioeconomic status, gender, and religion on family, not just ethnic and racial influences. Part 1 reviews the history and trends in the study of culturally diverse families, examines the current and projected demographics in the United States and their implications for families, and offers theoretical approaches to studying culturally diverse families. Part 2 considers issues facing culturally diverse families from a thematic perspective. Chapters address gender and class in culturally diverse families, trends in marriage and cohabitation, women and work-family issues in culturally diverse families, culturally diverse perspectives on parenting, culturally diversity and aging families, and parent-child ties in culturally diverse aging families. Part 3 focuses on the impact of cultural diversity for the interface between families and various social systems. Chapters discuss difficulties with integrating cultural diversity and family services, the impact of family diversity on school and community relationships, the implications of cultural diversity for family life education, and the impact of cultural diversity on public policy and the legal system. The final chapter proposes a developmental paradigm to describe the progress one might make along a personal trajectory from ethnocentrism toward greater openness, informed critical reflection, and social engagement. Ethical frameworks are also proposed that may be useful in assessing global family practices, along with guiding principles and intervention strategies. Numerous references.

Title: Zero to Three 21st National Training Institute (NTI) : Sharing a Vision for Babies and Families.
Published: 2006
Available from: Zero to Three: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families
http://www.zerotothree.org
2000 M Street, NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20036
Abstract: This CD-ROM contains conference materials from presentations made at the Zero to Three 21st National Training Institute held from December 1-2, 2006 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The conference addressed infant mental health and early intervention services for young children and families. Slide presentations and background materials are provided for Sessions A through E. Topics addressed include: infant and early childhood mental health services; early dual language learning; the enhancement of Reflective Functioning in home visiting programs, transdisciplinary practice in mental health and early intervention services; building a family friendly service infrastructure; applying attachment theory in early intervention; reaching rural early intervention providers using telehealth technology; serving military families; engaging parents with cognitive difficulties in their child's development; supporting Katrina families; sensory integration and self regulation in early childhood ; using videotape to enhance mother-child interaction; home visiting programs with immigrant mothers; permanency placement for substance-exposed infants; best practices for infant mental health assessment; working with Native American families; and identifying social and emotional difficulties in well-baby pediatric visits. Abstracts for poster sessions are provided, along with lists of exhibitors, relevant videos, and participants.

Title: Does child abuse cause crime?
Author(s): Currie, Janet.;Tekin, Erdal.
Published: 2006
Available from: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)
http://www.iza.org/
Schaumburg-Lippe-Str. 5 - 9
Bonn D-53113
Document available online at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=895178
Printable version (PDF): ftp://ftp.iza.org/dps/dp2063.pdf
Abstract: Child maltreatment, which includes both child abuse and child neglect, is a major social problem. This paper focuses on measuring the effects of child maltreatment on crime using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We focus on crime because it is one of the most socially costly potential outcomes of maltreatment, and because the proposed mechanisms linking maltreatment and crime are relatively well elucidated in the literature. Our work addresses many limitations of the existing literature on child maltreatment. First, we use a large national sample, and investigate different types of abuse in a similar framework. Second, we pay careful attention to identifying the causal impact of abuse, by using a variety of statistical methods that make differing assumptions. These methods include: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), propensity score matching estimators, and twin fixed effects. Finally, we examine the extent to which the effects of maltreatment vary with socio-economic status (SES), gender, and the severity of the maltreatment. We find that maltreatment approximately doubles the probability of engaging in many types of crime. Low SES children are both more likely to be mistreated and suffer more damaging effects. Boys are at greater risk than girls, at least in terms of increased propensity to commit crime. Sexual abuse appears to have the largest negative effects, perhaps justifying the emphasis on this type of abuse in the literature. Finally, the probability of engaging in crime increases with the experience of multiple forms of maltreatment as well as the experience of Child Protective Services (CPS) investigation. (Author abstract)

Title: Violence In the Family--It's Everyone's Concern.
Published: 2006
Abstract: This illustrated booklet defines family violence and describes the physical and emotional impact of such violence on victims and perpetrators. Common traits of people who are violent, people who abuse children, people who abuse their partners, and people who mistreat older family members are identified. The booklet also discusses why family violence continues, sources of help for troubled families, and family and community prevention strategies.

Title: The School Services Sourcebook : A Guide for School-Based Professionals.
Author(s): Franklin, Cynthia.;Harris, Mary Beth.;Allen-Meares, Paula.
Published: 2006
Available from: Oxford University Press
http://www.oxfordjournals.org/
2001 Evans Road
Cary, NC 27513
Abstract: This volume is designed to provide best practices to social workers, counselors, and mental health professionals who work in public schools or whose practices involve consultations or interventions with school systems. It describes effective interventions for students who are high risk because of psychosocial problems and who may have mental, neurological, or physical disorders that require special education. The book has three parts divided into 16 sections. Part 1 has six sections that cover best practice interventions with student populations with mental health diagnoses, developmental disabilities, and health and well-being issues. The first part also covers best practice resources for child abuse, sexual abuse, out-of-home placement, dropout prevention, and interpersonal conflict and violence prevention. Information is provided on identifying child abuse or neglect strategies in a school setting, laws and procedures for reporting child abuse, helping students who have been physically or sexually abused, building effective alliances with child protective services and other child welfare agencies, and helping children in foster care and other residential placements succeed in school. Part 2 has four sections and covers best practices for crisis intervention, group work including grief work, and staff training. Part 2 also covers family and parental involvement and work with multicultural groups, including the postmodern youth culture. Part 3 has six sections and addresses best practice interventions for school organizations and communities, including key policies and procedures that practitioners need to know. Legal and ethnical guidelines are also covered along with records, assessment reports, effective organizational tools for accountability, school funding, and how to develop and sustain a school-based practice. Finally, emerging mandates for the use of evidence-based practices are addressed, along with some of the challenges that may confront practitioners in the future. Each chapter closes with tools and practice examples, a summary of key points to remember, and references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Fostering Child and Adolescent Mental Health in the Classroom.
Author(s): Waller, Raymond J.
Published: 2006
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Designed for preservice and currently practicing teachers, this book explores some of the most common mental health issues experienced by children. It includes case vignettes to demonstrate that teachers can confront mental health problems in the classroom and highlight the effectiveness of intervention. Part 1 provides an introduction to child and adolescent mental health and includes chapters that discuss the role of teachers in child and adolescent mental health, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and the use of a behaviorological perspective to deal with problem behavior in the classroom. Functional behavioral assessment and behavior intervention plans are explained. Part 2 of the text describes mental health issues frequently confronted in the classroom, including elimination disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, and oppositional defiant disorder. Mental health issues involving significant risk to self and others are covered in Part 3, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, obesity, conduct disorder, bullying behavior, childhood sexuality and sexual behavior, child abuse and neglect, and self-injury and suicide. The final part of the book discusses the role of the educator in early identification and referral, communication between parents and professionals, and using mental health needs and problems as opportunities for expanding the boundaries of school improvement. Each chapter closes with discussion questions, a list of additional resources about he subject, and references.

Title: Healthy From the Start : How Feeding Nutures Your Young Child's Body, Heart and Mind.
Published: 2006
Available from: Zero to Three: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families
http://www.zerotothree.org
2000 M Street, NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20036
Abstract: Designed for parents, this booklet emphasizes the importance of nutrition in fostering child development. It discusses the different nutritional needs of individual children and provides a chart that shows how feeding changes as children grow and what parents can do to help children develop healthy eating habits. The chart provides information for children birth to 12 months, 12 to 24 months, and 24 to 36 months. The following section describes signals children give to indicate they are hungry and cautions against forcing a child to eat. Reasons for picky eaters and strategies for mealtime are explained. Parents are also asked to reflect on their own childhood experiences with food and body image. The booklet closes with a list of 11 healthy eating strategies for babies and toddlers.

Title: An analysis of selected measures of child well-being for use at school-and community-based family resource centers.
Author(s): Burry, Caroline Long.;Wright, Lois.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Child welfare
v. LXXXV, 6, November/December 2006, p. 985-1010
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Abstract: This article describes standardized instruments designed to measure physical and emotional health outcomes among children for a statewide implementation of community- and school-based family resource centers, It includes descriptive and psychometric information, strengths and weaknesses of two measures of physical well-being, and four measures of emotional and behavioral well-being, based on criteria selected by the evaluation team. The authors conclude by recommending those instruments that accommodated the evaluation goals of the family support programs. (Author abstract)

Title: The Father-Child Relationship, Parenting Styles, and Adolescent Risk Behaviors in Intact Families.
Author(s): Bronte-Tinkew, Jacinta.;Moore, Kristin A.;Carrano, Jennifer.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Journal of family issues
v. 27, 6, June 2006, p. 850-872
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: The father-child relationship and father's parenting style are examined as predictors of first delinquency and substance use, using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997, Rounds 1 to 3 (N= 5,345), among adolescents in intact families. Discrete time logistic regressions indicate that a more positive father-child relationship predicts a reduced risk of engagement in multiple first risky behaviors. Having a father with an authoritarian parenting style is associated with an increased risk of engaging in delinquent activity and substance use. Two-way interaction models further indicate that the negative effect of authoritarian parenting is reduced when fathers have a positive relationship with their adolescent. Permissive parenting also predicts less risky behavior when the father-child relationship is positive. The positive influence of the father-child relationship on risk behaviors is stronger for male than for female adolescents. (Author abstract).

Title: Trial Home Visits: Strengthening Reunification Practices.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: CASCW Practice Notes
v. 18, March 2006, p. 1-10
Available from: Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare
http://ssw.che.umn.edu/cascw/
School of Social Work
205 Peters Hall
1404 Gortner Avenue

St. Paul, MN 55108
Printable version (PDF): http://cehd.umn.edu/SSW/cascw/attributes/PDF/practicenotes/PN_18_TrialHomeVisits.pdf
Abstract: The trial home visit is now a key strategy in assuring successful reunification. In Minnesota, as in the rest of the country, reunification, the process of reconnecting children in out-of-home care with their families, has special significance. Minnesota emphasizes reunification with parents as the most common and preferred permanency arrangement for children. In order to improve stability in the reunification process, the concept of a trial home visit was recently introduced as a legislative initiative (M.S. 260C.201 subd 1). This edition of Practice Notes is intended to provide guidelines for strengthening practice in the volatile and crisis-ridden period of reunification, known as the "trial home visit." (Author abstract)

Title: The Children's Bureau Quality Improvement Centers : Knowledge Development Through Research Collaborations in Child Welfare.
Author(s): Hafford, Carol.;Brodowski, Melissa Lim.;Nolan, Catherine.;Denniston, Jack.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Professional Development : The International Journal of Continuing Social Work Education.
v. 9, 2, Fall 2006, p. 12-23
Available from: Center for Social Policy and Community Development, Temple University
http://www.temple.edu/cspcd/home.htm
1500 N. Broad St.
Philadelphia, PA 19122
Abstract: With the renewed emphasis on evidence-based practice in child welfare the U.S. Children's Bureau has reinforced its commitment to empirically sound demonstration projects as a means of furthering best practices in this field. One critical thrust in this initiative has been the creation and funding of Quality Improvement Centers (QIC). Through involving intermediary organizations in grant making, managing the required research and disseminating findings, Children's Bureau sought to not only improve child protective practices but to make demonstrations specific locality relevant and foster local and regional collaborations that would extend beyond the funding periods. This article summarizes findings from the interim national evaluation of the initial cluster of four QIC's focusing on some of the lessons already learned from this innovation and potentials for this model in future demonstrations. (Author abstract)

Title: Clinical Supervision in Child Welfare: Themes from Findings of a Multisite Study.
Author(s): Collins-Camargo, Crystal.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Professional Development : The International Journal of Continuing Social Work Education.
v. 9, 2, Fall 2006, p. 100-110
Available from: Professional Development: The International Journal of Continuing Social Work Education
http://www.survey.utexas.edu/journal/
Survey of Organizational Excellence
The University of Texas at Austin
1925 San Jacinto Blvd.

Austin, TX 78712
Abstract: This article summarizes the themes from findings of a multisite study conducted in four states' child welfare agencies to test the impact of the implementation of clinical casework supervision. The studies were conducted through the work of a ten state collaborative administered by the Southern Regional Quality Improvement Center on Child Protection and funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Overall quantitative and qualitative findings of the intervention's impact on satisfaction with supervision, organizational culture, worker practice in assessment and treatment, and client outcomes are summarized. While the outcomes varied across sites, the overall findings support the potential for clinical supervision approaches to be used in this setting. The utilization of learning collaborations on the site and multisite level was successful in promoting positive findings as well as comprehensive dissemination activities targeted toward impacting practice. In addition, themes regarding the use of a university, public agency, community partnerships, and factors impacting the implementation and evaluation of the projects are described. (Author abstract)

Title: Resident Fathers' Perceptions of Their Roles and Links to Involvement With Infants.
Author(s): Bronte-Tinkew, Jacinta.;Carrano, Jennifer.;Guzman, Lina.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Fathering
v. 4, 3, Fall 2006, p. 254-285
Available from: Men's Studies Press
http://www.mensstudies.com/msp/harriman/fathering.html
Dr. Jay Fagan, General Editor
Temple University
Ritter Hall Annex, 5th Floor
13th Street and Cecil B. Moore Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19122
Abstract: Using a sample of resident fathers in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (nine-month study), this study examined how fathers' perceptions of the importance of the father role to children are associated with father involvement with infants in five domains: caregiving activities, paternal warmth, nurturing activities, physical care, and cognitively stimulating activities. Results indicated that there are differentials in fathers' role perceptions based on fathers' sociodemographic characteristics such as race, marital status, education, and SES. Results of Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS) models indicated that more positive role perceptions are generally positively associated with father-child activities in five domains. Results from this study may have important implications for the development of parenting programs intended to assist fathers in meeting societal expectations for fatherhood and for enhancing the development of children. (Author abstract).

Title: Adoption parenting : creating a toolbox, building connections.
Author(s): MacLeod, Jean.;Macrae, Sheena. (Eds.)
Published: 2006
Available from: EMK Press
16 Mt. Bethel Road
#219
Warren, NJ 07059
Abstract: Intended for adoptive parents, this text brings together contributions from over 100 parents and parenting experts that provide advice and strategies for meeting the needs of intercountry/transracially adopted children. The book begins with an explanation of the seven core issues faced by adoptive children: loss, rejection, guilt and shame, grief, mastery/control, identity, and intimacy. Following chapters are organized into a toolbox format that address: sleep issues; claiming, attachment problems, and strategies for increasing parent-child bonding; food and eating challenges; post adoption depression syndrome and dealing with the adult attachment and infertility; loss and grief in the adoption circle; transitions and tools to help anxious children, adoption and divorce, and disruption and dissolution; siblings, helping siblings build family attachments, and finding an unexpected sibling; telling a child about the adoption, parenting with narratives, creating a lifebook, and answering questions about adoption; post-institutionalized children and learning issues, adopted children with special needs, and home schooling; school issues; racial issues and preparing children for racism; older child adoption and challenges when adopting an older sibling group; coping with different emotional and sensory disabilities in adopted children; support groups and finding resources; therapy and selecting an adoption therapist; and the journey of adoptive families, including the search for identity, homeland visits, and birthfamily reunions.

Title: The Relationship of Depressive Symptoms to Parenting Competence and Social Support in Inner-City Mothers of Young Children.
Author(s): Silver, Ellen Johnson.;Heneghan, Amy M.;Bauman, Laurie J.;Stein, Ruth E. K.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Maternal and Child Health Journal
v. 10, 1, January 2006, p. 105-112
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: Objective : Despite the high prevalence of maternal depression and its negative consequences for children, many pediatricians fail to identify this problem. Our goal was to determine whether simple questions about parenting competence and the adequacy of maternal social support might be useful to providers in determining which inner-city mothers are likely to be depressed. Methods : We surveyed a convenience sample of 279 English-speaking mothers of children 6 months to 3 years old prior to a routine visit at an urban, hospital-based general pediatrics clinic. The mothers self-completed the Psychiatric Symptom Index (PSI) and the Parenting Stress Index Sense of Competence subscale, and rated the adequacy of their social support, and provided health and sociodemographic data by face-to-face interview. Results : 41% of mothers had "high" PSI symptom levels and 22% had scores above a criterion that suggests major depressive disorder. In addition, 15% experienced high parenting stress (low competence) and 42% reported little or no social support. High distress was unrelated to a variety of sociodemographic risk factors, but significantly associated with a poor sense of parenting competence (Adj. OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.5, 7.0) and inadequate perceived social support (Adj. OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2, 4.4), as well as with having health-related activity limitations (Adj. OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.1, 9.0). Conclusions : Negative ratings of parenting competence, low perceived social support, and presence of health-related activity restrictions can be useful markers of likely depression among inner-city mothers of young children. These factors are often assessed during routine pediatric visits and may be helpful to pediatricians in identifying mothers needing further evaluation or treatment by mental health specialists. (Author abstract)

Title: Lessons Learned from an Innovative University-Community Agency Collaboration: The Development of a Direct Practice Training for Child Welfare and Mental Health Social Workers.
Author(s): Boyd, Suzanne.;Morrow, Deana F.;Shobe, Marcia.;Tack, Frankie.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Professional Development : The International Journal of Continuing Social Work Education.
v. 9, 2, Fall 2006, p. 140-153
Available from: Professional Development: The International Journal of Continuing Social Work Education
http://www.survey.utexas.edu/journal/
Survey of Organizational Excellence
The University of Texas at Austin
1925 San Jacinto Blvd.

Austin, TX 78712
Abstract: This article reports on the development and implementation of a 6-session child welfare and mental health training series developed in response to identified training needs by a local Department of Youth and Family Services and Department of Mental Health. A team of five faculty members (four full-time and one part-time) delivered the training content to direct line workers and supervisors over a 2-month period. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation data are reported from the training sessions, followed by a discussion of the lessons learned from this training series. Suggestions regarding future trainings are offered. (Author abstract)

Title: The impact of serial transitions on behavioral and psychological problems among children in child protection services.
Author(s): Saint-Jacques, Marie-Christine.;Cloutier, Richard.;Pauze, Robert.;Simard, Marie.;Gagne, Marie-Helene.;Poulin, Amelie.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Child welfare
v. LXXXV, 6, November/December 2006, p. 941-964
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Abstract: This study focuses on the impacts of serial transitions on externalized and internalized behavior disorders, anxiety, and depression among children in child protection services. The research was carried out with a sample of 741 children. The findings demonstrate that the number of times a family is blended is a stronger predictive factor for children's adjustment than is the family structure at the time of the interview. In predicting externalized and internalized behavior problems among children, however, the effect of family structure disappears in favor of the variables associated with family functioning and family climate.

Title: Community Interventions Aimed at Early Child Development and Parenting Problems (Chapter 7 of Children and Families in Communities : Theory, Research, Policy and Practice).
Author(s): Barnes, Jacqueline.;Katz, Ilan Barry.;Korbin, Jill E.;O'Brien, Margaret.
Published: 2006
Available from: Wiley-Blackwell
www.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: This chapter profiles community interventions designed to improve child development and prevent child abuse and neglect. Initiatives in the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom are described to illustrate how different counties have tried to take early intervention strategies usually focused on specific children and families and offer them instead to geographical communities. Profiled programs include: the US National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect model comprehensive community-based projects; Early Head Start; Best Start in Victoria, Australia; Better Beginnings, Better Future in Ontario, Canada; and Sure Start local programs in the United Kingdom. 4 boxes.

Title: Young, Wounded, and Black : the Maltreatment of African-American Children in the Early Years (Chapter 2 of Interpersonal Violence in the African American Community : Evidence-Based Prevention and Treatment Practices).
Author(s): Harden, Brenda Jones.;Nzinga-Johnson, Sekile.
Published: 2006
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: This chapter provides an epidemiological and developmental profile of the overrepresented young African-American children in the child welfare system and identifies strategies to prevent the maltreatment of young African-American children and their entry into the child welfare system. Evidence-based prevention and treatment programs that have been effective with this population are described, as well as culturally and developmentally sensitive interventions. The role of fathers in child welfare interventions is also discussed. 1 table and 174 references.

Title: Parent-child interaction therapy : application of an empirically supported treatment to maltreated children in foster care.
Author(s): Timmer, Susan G.;Urquiza, Anthony J.;Herschell, Amy D.;McGrath, Jean M.;Zebell, Nancy M.;Porter, Alissa L.;Vargas, Eric C.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Child welfare
v. LXXXV, 6, November/December 2006, p. 919-939
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Abstract: One of the more serious problems faced by child welfare services involves the management of children with serious behavioral and mental health problems. Aggressive and defiant foster children are more likely to have multiple foster care placements, require extraordinary social services resources, and have poor short- and long-term mental health outcomes. Interventions that work with challenging foster children and enhance foster parents' skills in managing problem behaviors are necessary. This article presents the successful results of a single case study examining the application of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. (PCIT) with an aggressive young boy and his foster-adoptive parent. PCIT is a dyadic intervention that has been identified as an empically supported treatment for abused children and for children with different types of behavioral disruption. The application fo PCIT to assist foster parents is a promising direction for child welfare services.

Title: Report of the Task Force on Children with Sexual Behavior Problems.
Published: 2006
Available from: Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers
http://www.atsa.com
4900 S.W. Griffith Drive, Suite 274
Beaverton, OR 97005
Printable version (PDF): http://atsa.com/pdfs/Report-TFCSBP.pdf
Abstract: This report begins with an introductory section which offers a working definition of children with sexual behavior problems (SBP), reviews existing theory models about the etiology of the SBP and reviews the overlap of SBP with other problems. Research on population subtypes and the relationship of SBP to early sexual abuse and other risk factors is reviewed. Next, the report suggests principles for conducting good clinical assessment of children with sexual behavior problems, including the role and timing of clinical assessment, the need to take a broad ecological perspective, suggested assessment components and tools, and specific assessment issues. This includes the extent to which assessment of past sexual abuse history needs to be explored when children present with SBP. The treatment section of the report begins with a review of the treatment outcome research literature. The body of controlled treatment studies is small, but does allow identification of better supported treatment models. A range of treatment issues is addressed, including the role of parents/caregivers in treatment and considerations for selecting between group, individual or other treatment modes. Suggestions are offered for specific treatment components and how these treatment components may be integrated into an overall intervention where there are multiple treatment foci. The public policy section of the report begins by articulating an overarching framework for policy decisions about the subset of more serious or victimizing childhood sexual behavior problems, and offers suggestions for specific policy areas, such as registration and notification, mandatory child abuse reporting practices, policies about removal of children from their homes, policies about segregated vs. general placement settings, policies about information sharing, and policies about inter-agency collaboration. Specific suggestions about removal and placement decisions are offered. (Author abstract)

Title: Interpersonal Violence in the African American Community : Evidence-Based Prevention and Treatment Practices.
Author(s): Hampton, Robert L.;Gullotta, Thomas P.;Ramos, Jessica M.
Published: 2006
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: This volume examines interpersonal violence within the African-American community and offers evidence-based practices for prevention and intervention. The book begins by reviewing research on the prevalence of violence in African-American families, exploring social and structural dynamics that promote intimate partner violence, and discussing the research agenda of the Institute on Domestic Violence in the African-American Community. Chapter 2 provides a profile of young African-American children in child welfare and identifies evidence-based strategies to prevent the maltreatment of young African-American children and thus prevent their entry into he child welfare system. The following chapter reviews the incidence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the African-American community, evidence-based interventions for children exposed to IPV, and recommendations for future practice and research. Chapter 4 examines the most commonly used family violence assessment instruments for appropriateness, the shortcoming of family violence treatment, and the potential value of intimate justice. The role of the African-American church in addressing or not addressing family violence is addressed in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 presents an Afrocentric helping guide for practitioners working with African-American families who experience IPV. It discusses the prevalence of IPV, current intervention approaches and their limitations for African-American families, and offers cultural competence and Afrocentric approaches to treatment. Chapter 7 discusses African-American grandparents who are raising grandchildren who have experienced domestic violence. Research findings are shared that indicate the majority of grandparent caregivers identified violence as a factor in their assuming the role of parent for their grandchildren. Guidelines for working with grandparent caregivers are provided. The final chapter emphasizes the benefits of the systematic assessment of community-based programs and describes steps for conducing a program evaluation. A case study is offered of an evaluation of a program designed to assist children exposed to domestic violence. Numerous references.

Title: A Pilot Study of Reunification Following Drug Abuse Treatment: Recovering the Mother Role.
Author(s): Carlson, Bonnie E.;Matto, Holly.;Smith, Carolyn A.;Eversman, Michael.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Journal of Drug Issues
v. 36, 4, Fall 2006, p. 877-902
Abstract: This qualitative study explored the experiences of women in recovery from drug abuse who had resumed parenting their children after child placement. Six mothers and 11 service providers from substance abuse treatment and child welfare agencies were interviewed about their perceptions of the experience of being reunified with one's children following substance abuse treatment. Findings revealed that mothers have intense emotional reactions to having children placed, which can motivate recovery but also be a source of stress. A variety of supports were identified as necessary to prepare mothers for resuming care of children beyond substance abuse treatment including counseling, child care, financial support, and parenting education. Reunification, however desirable, was described as overwhelming and fraught with parenting challenges, such as effective limit setting with children. Numerous challenges and barriers to successful reunification were identified, such as stigmatization in the child welfare system. Implications for service delivery and research are discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Teenage Pregnancy and Parenthood : Global Perspectives, Issues and Interventions.
Author(s): Holgate, Helen S.;Evans, Roy.;Yuen, Francis K. O.
Published: 2006
Available from: Routledge -- Taylor and Francis Group
http://www.routledge.com
7625 Empire Drive
Florence, KY 41042
Abstract: This text explores a broad range of perspectives on pregnancy and parenting at a young age from different international and cultural contexts, and looks at interventions and examples of good practice. Following an introduction, Chapter 1 provides statistics on teenage pregnancy and motherhood in the United Kingdom and other European countries, considers societal definitions of age, and discusses conceptualizations of sexuality, reproduction, and motherhood. Chapter 2 considers the Hmong in the United States as a community experiencing dramatic change while attempting to maintain its values, among them the tradition of young people marrying in their early teens. Pregnancy and childbearing among Latino adolescents are then considered in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 introduces the contextual framework for the education of young mothers in the United Kingdom by detailing current education policies and related issues, and Chapter 5 discusses the United Kingdom's Teenage Pregnancy Strategy, aimed at reducing social exclusion and reintegrating school-aged mothers into education. Chapter 6 explores the tensions and dilemmas in delivering sex education in Hong Kong, and Chapter 7 examines the role of young mothers as agents in the development of peer-delivered school-based sex education. The following chapter explores controversial issues surrounding teen pregnancy from a feminist perspective, including cross-racial adoption and abortion. Chapters 9 and 10 explore the roles and aspirations of young, single non-residential fathers and the barriers to effective teen father parenting. The final chapter considers the needs of girl students with emotional and behavior difficulties as they related to their educational needs around teenage pregnancy. Numerous references.

Title: Beyond Psychotherapy: Treating Abused Children by Changing Their Social Ecology.
Author(s): Swenson, Cynthia Cupit.;Chaffin, Mark.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Aggression and Violent Behavior
v. 11, 2, March-April 2006, p. 120-137
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Historically, the child abuse field has approached intervention through individually focused child or adult psychotherapy. A more comprehensive understanding of current research indicates that the field is moving beyond individually focused models. Existing research on child sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect suggests that multiple factors within the child's social ecology relate to the occurrence of abuse and to its mental health impact. This article reviews the literature on child sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect with an emphasis on social ecological factors related to abuse, recovery and interventions. An approach to intervention is suggested that emphasizes potential target areas and interventions from across multiple systems (e.g., individual, family, school, child protection system). (Author abstract)

Title: Teenage Homelessness Prevention Project : Project Evaluation Report.
Author(s): Avery, Rosemary J.;Colisi, Laura.
Published: 2006
Available from: Cornell University; Dept. of Policy Analysis and Management
145 Martha Van Rensselaer Hall
Ithaca, NY 14850
Abstract: The Teen Homelessness Prevention Project was designed to impact the lives of a group of hard-to-place Suffolk County youth currently in care by finding them permanent homes from the pool of constructive adults already in their lives. Project efforts were focused on identifying permanent homes prior to teens aging out of care. Throughout the duration of the project, staff conducted a series of parent training classes, entitled Adopting Older Kids And Youth (AOKAY) parent preparation classes. These classes were designed to prepare parents for unconditional commitment to teens and, in so doing, create a permanent home for a teen. The overall goal of the project was to place 68 teenagers from Suffolk County into permanent families before their discharge from foster care, with 34 of them being placed out of congregate care facilities. Project efforts focused on the oldest and so called "hardest" to place children, i.e., youth at the "exit-end-of-the-system," because of the urgent need to get these youth into unconditionally committed permanent families before their discharge from care. The project utilized an innovative recruitment technique called Lifecycle Child-Specific Recruitment approach to achieve this goal. (Author abstract)

Title: Reframing child abuse and neglect : a practical tool kit [website].
Published: 2006
Available from: FRIENDS National Resource Center For Community-Based Child Abuse Prevention
http://www.friendsnrc.org
Chapel Hill Training Outreach Project
800 Eastowne Drive
Suite 105
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
Document available online at: http://www.friendsnrc.org/reframing/index1.htm
Abstract: Produced by PCA America for FRIENDS, this tool kit shares the research findings and recommendations from PCA America's 2003 strategic frame analysis of child abuse and neglect prevention conducted by the FrameWorks Institute. The strategic frame analysis explored public perceptions and understanding regarding child maltreatment using innovative audience research and message development strategies. This groundbreaking research has provided the field with a better understanding of how the public truly thinks about child abuse and neglect, and is changing how child advocates communicate about, and advocate on behalf of, the issue. In this tool kit you will find information that explains the theory behind the FrameWorks Institute's strategic frame analysis, key findings and recommendations from the research, as well as some of the obstacles advocates face in communicating about this issue. Most importantly, the tool kit contains practical information, materials and guidelines on how to best implement this research to increase public understanding of and engagement in child abuse prevention. (Author abstract)

Title: Patterns of Retention in a Preventive Intervention with Ethnic Minority Families.
Author(s): Coatsworth, J. Douglas.;Duncan, Larissa G.;Pantin, Hilda.;Szapocznik, José.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Journal of Primary Prevention
v. 27, 2, March 2006, p. 171-193
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: This study examined socio-demographic, child, and family-level correlates of retention patterns among parent participants of Familias Unidas/SEPI (Coatsworth, Pantin, & Szapocznik, 2002) , a randomized, controlled trial of a family-focused preventive intervention. The current study's aim was to identify variables that could be used to classify ethnic minority (African American and Hispanic) caregivers ( N = 143) into their known patterns of retention across 30 sessions of the intervention. Person-centered analyses identified three broad attendance pattern groups: (a) non-attenders; (b) variable-attenders; (c) consistent-high-attenders. Subgroups of the variable-attender group included: (a) dropouts; (b) variable-low-attenders; (c) variable-high-attenders. Four socio-demographic indicators were significant discriminators of the broad retention patterns. Three family-level factors were significant discriminators of the variable-attender subgroups. Additional significant mean/rate differences among retention pattern groups on correlates are reported. Implications for how retention is examined in preventive interventions and for developing intervention strategies for improving retention rates are discussed. The authors address factors related to clients' engagement and retention from multiple ecological levels. Lessons from this low income, low education, minority sample may prove useful to program developers who want to build in supports and incentives prior to program implementation. (Author abstract)

Title: Child Abuse and Neglect (Chapter 13 in Fostering Child and Adolescent Mental Health in the Classroom).
Author(s): Paulmour, Julie Roberts.;Bresson, Diane J.;Waller, Raymond J.;Johnson, Miriam.
Published: 2006
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: This chapter discusses physical signs and behavioral indicators that a child may be the victim of child abuse and neglect, the role of an educator and how to report suspected crimes, what can be done to provide support for a child who has been a victim of child abuse and neglect, and how educators and schools can be proactive in preventing child abuse and neglect in the community. Different types of abuse are profiled, including physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. A case example is provided of an educator who reported child abuse, as well as discussion questions and a list of additional resources. 15 references.

Title: Dissemination of Evidence-Based Parenting and Family Support Strategies: Learning From the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program System Approach.
Author(s): Turner, Karen M.T.;Sanders, Matthew R.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Aggression and Violent Behavior
v. 11, 2, March-April 2006, p. 176-193
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: This paper discusses the evidence for parenting skills training and behavioral family intervention (BFI), and the need for early intervention and prevention programs. It presents a conceptual framework for a comprehensive multilevel parenting and family support strategy for reducing the prevalence of parenting difficulties and other family risk factors associated with child maltreatment and the development of behavioral and emotional problems in children and adolescents. The framework for the system of intervention known as the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) is described. Also discussed are issues in the dissemination of evidence-based psychological interventions. A dissemination approach is presented which is based on a systems-contextual perspective that views practitioner uptake as being influenced by a range of program design, training, quality maintenance, organizational and motivational variables. Our experience in the widespread dissemination and implementation of Triple P at a population-level are shared and recommendations and future directions for dissemination of evidence-based preventive family interventions are noted. (Author abstract)

Title: Use of Stages of Change Model to Guide Evaluation Development.
Author(s): Griffin, Melody.;Smith, Thomas.;Adler-Baeder, Francesca.
Published: 2005
Available from: Alabama Cooperative Extension System
http://www.aces.edu
Auburn University
109-D Duncan Hall

Auburn University, AL 36849
Printable version (PDF): http://www.aces.edu/users/adlerfr/BEECYFARPosterPresentation(2005).pdf
Abstract: Phase II of the CYFAR Project, Beginning Education Early: Strengthening Rural Alabama Families (BEE), is being implemented in three Alabama counties through the Alabama Extension System county offices. The goals for Phase II of the BEE project are to increase parental capacity to (1) initiate contact and interact productively with community services related to children's health; and (2) develop effective co-parenting relationships across a variety of family forms and structures. Health and relationship learning modules were developed to meet these two goals. Once these modules were developed, the next step was to determine how to accurately evaluate the impact of these programs. The Stages of Change Model assesses change in behaviors by capturing movement towards change through its stages. (While the original purpose of the model was to assess behavioral change, we also adapted it for use in assessing change in awareness.) In this model, the term "stage" refers both to the occurrence of change, as well as motivational readiness.(Author abstract).

Title: Promoting Successful Transition from Foster/Group Home Settings to Independent Living Among Pregnant and Parenting Teens. Summary Report.
Author(s): Max, Janet.;Paluzzi, Pat.
Published: 2005
Available from: Healthy Teen Network.
www.healthyteennetwork.com
509 2nd St. NE
Washington, DC 20002
Printable version (PDF): http://www.healthyteennetwork.org/vertical/Sites/%7BB4D0CC76-CF78-4784-BA7C-5D0436F6040C%7D/uploads/%7B88D99A07-ADB4-4164-AAEA-E450030A1746%7D.PDF
Abstract: This report presents the findings of a study that investigated essential components for promoting successful transition to independent living among pregnant and parenting teens. The study included data from 12 key informant interviews with group home, foster care, and Second Chance Homes program providers from nine different States. A roundtable was then conducted with 10 experts to respond to the survey findings and identify strategic approaches and essential program characteristics. Findings indicate pregnant and parenting teens in foster care/alternative settings do best when they: have insight and program buy-in, have consistent family (or other trusted adult) support, have healthy relationships with both peers and significant others, and have comprehensive support services available to them. Barriers to successful outcomes are identified, as well as individual, program, and policy needs for promoting successful transition. Recommendations from the roundtable are shared and address strategic approaches, training topics, and advocacy efforts. 12 references.

Title: Play Nicely : Managing Aggression In Young Children.
Author(s): Scholer, Seth J.
Published: 2005
Available from: Vanderbilt University Press
http://www.vanderbilt.edu/vupress/
c/o OU Press Book Distribution Center
4100 28th Avenue NW
Norman, OK 73069-0476
Abstract: This CD-ROM presents Play Nicely, a ½ hour program that teaches parents and professionals how to manage aggression in young children ages 1-7 years. The program has three separate educational tracks for parents, childcare workers/teachers, and health care professionals. It explains why children engage in aggressive behavior and then discusses 16 strategies for managing aggression. The program is presented in an interactive format that discusses why some options may be better than others.

Title: Evidence-Based Practices for Social Workers : An Interdisciplinary Approach.
Author(s): O'Hare, Thomas.
Published: 2005
Available from: Lyceum Books, Inc.
http://www.lyceumbooks.com/
5758 S. Blackstone
Chicago, IL 60637
Abstract: This text provides social workers with evidence-based practices and guidelines for conducting clinical assessments informed by current human behavior science, implementing interventions supported by current outcome research, and engaging in evaluation as part of daily practice to ensure effective implementation of evidence-based practices. The first section defines evidence-based social work practice (EBPSW), describes key components of EBPSW, discusses using an integrated assessment model that includes both quantitative and quantitative assessment, and offers guidelines for selecting, implementing, and evaluating interventions. The second section describes using evidence-based practices in treating psychosocial problems of adults, with chapters devoted to schizophrenia, substance abuse and dependence, panic disorder with agoraphobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and antisocial and borderline personality disorders. The third section focuses on the psychosocial disorders of couples, children, and families. Chapters discuss interventions for treating distressed couples, anxiety and depression in children and adolescents, conduct disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents, child abuse and neglect, eating disorders in adolescents and young adults, and substance abuse use and risky sex in adolescents and young adults. Appendices include the Psychosocial Well-Being Scale, the Shortform Assessment for Children, the Practice Skills Inventory, and other assessment instruments. Numerous references.

Title: Familias Fuertes y Saludables Program Final Report.
Author(s): Diem, Rachel.
Published: 2005
Available from: Migrant Health Promotion
www.migranthealth.org
224 W. Michigan Ave.
Saline, MI 48176
Abstract: This final report discusses the activities and outcomes of a 3-year federally funded program designed to provide education and information on the prevention of child abuse and neglect to migrant families and their communities. The Familias Fuertes y Saludables program combined door-to-door outreach with a comprehensive curriculum of parenting discussions for migrant families interested in mutual support groups in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas and in midwestern migrant labor camps. Three peer educators facilitated discussion groups that focused on parenting skills. Over the 3-year period, 55 8-week discussion groups were held with a total of 529 parent participants. In addition, at least 4,043 families received basic child abuse and neglect prevention information, 1,666 families received information and referrals to available services, and goals were met for providing skill-specific training workshops, a conference for service provides, information on cultural competency, and the distribution of resource materials. The report provides background information on the target population, an overview of the project model, and information on the activities and outcomes of the project. Lessons learned from the project are also shared. 19 references.

Title: The Power of Play : Learning to Play From Birth to Three.
Published: 2004
Available from: Zero to Three: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families
http://www.zerotothree.org
2000 M Street, NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20036
Abstract: This booklet explores how children learn through their play and describes strategies parents can use to foster their learning. Each section discusses child development at different ages and appropriate play activities for young explorers (ages birth to 12 months), movers and shakers (ages 12 to 24 months), and social butterflies (ages 24 to 36 months). Information is also provided on the types of skills the children are learning through play. The final section gives tips for choosing a good toy for each developmental stage.

Title: Parenting Knowledge Among Substance Abusing Women in Treatment.
Author(s): Velez, Martha L.;Jansson, Lauren M.;Montoya, Ivan D.;Schweitzer, Wendy.;Golden, Archie.;Svikis, Dace.
Published: 2004
Journal Name: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
v. 27, 3, October 2004, p. 215-222
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess parenting knowledge and beliefs among drug abusing pregnant and recently postpartum women engaged in a comprehensive substance abuse treatment program. The effects of a parenting skills training program for this population were evaluated. A Parenting Skills Questionnaire was developed and administered to a sample of 73 pregnant and drug-dependent women during their first week of substance abuse treatment and again approximately 7 weeks later, following parenting skills training. The questionnaire was designed to assess whether group and individual parenting sessions changed the subjects' knowledge and beliefs in four parenting domains: newborn care, feeding practices, child development and drug abuse during pregnancy. Pre-intervention scores for all parenting domains were low. Post- vs. pre-intervention comparisons showed significant increases in all domain scores after individual and group parenting skills training. Preliminary results obtained from this clinic-based sample suggest that these substance abusing mothers lacked important parenting knowledge and that this knowledge improved after comprehensive substance abuse treatment that included parenting training. (Author abstract)

Title: Rethinking Parenting Interventions for Drug-Dependent Mothers: From Behavior Management to Fostering Emotional Bonds.
Author(s): Suchman, Nancy.;Mayes, Linda.;Conti, Joanne.;Slade, Arietta.;Rounsaville, Bruce.
Published: 2004
Journal Name: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
v. 27, 3, October 2004, p. 179-185
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Mothers who are physically and/or psychologically dependent upon alcohol and illicit drugs are at risk for a wide range of parenting deficits beginning when their children are infants and continuing as their children move through school-age and adolescent years. Behavioral parent training programs for drug-dependent mothers have had limited success in improving parent-child relationships or children's psychological adjustment. One reason behavioral parenting programs may have had limited success is the lack of attention to the emotional quality of the parent-child relationship. Research on attachment suggests that the emotional quality of mother-child relationships is an important predictor of children's psychological development through school-age and adolescent years. In this paper, we present a rationale and approach for developing attachment-based parenting interventions for drug-dependent mothers and report preliminary data on the feasibility of offering an attachment-based parenting intervention in an outpatient drug treatment program for women. (Author abstract)

Title: Low-Income Fathers' Involvement in Their Toddlers' Lives : Biological Fathers From the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Study.
Author(s): Cabrera, Natasha J.;Shannon, Jacqueline D.;Vogel, Cheri.;Tamis-LeMonda, Catherine.
Published: 2004
Journal Name: Fathering
v. 2, 1, Winter 2004, p. 5-25
Available from: Men's Studies Press
http://www.mensstudies.com/msp/harriman/fathering.html
Dr. Jay Fagan, General Editor
Temple University
Ritter Hall Annex, 5th Floor
13th Street and Cecil B. Moore Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19122
Abstract: In this article, we use data on biological fathers (n = 597) and mothers (N = 1,550) from 12 sites of the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project (EHS study) to examine the type and frequency of father involvement. We use a three-part model of father involvement to examine whether fathers participating in the EHS study are accessible to, engaged with, and show responsibility for their two-year-old children. We also examine patterns of reported father involvement by relationship status and residency. We find that more than 80% of all two-year-old children in the EHS study have accessible biological fathers, with the majority of nonresident boyfriends and nonresident friends and more than a third of fathers in no relationship with the mother seeing their children at least once in three months. These accessible fathers are engaged in a range of activities and show responsibility for their children, although patterns vary by the father-mother relationship status and father residency. More specifically, fathers who had at least a romantic relationship with the mother were more involved with their children across types of involvement than those in no relationship. Associations between relationship status and father engagement and responsibility remained after controlling for demographic variation among fathers in different relationship groups. A significant proportion of fathers who had no relationship with the mother of their child had some contact with the child, suggesting that the relationship between mother and father is not the only factor helping fathers stay involved in their children's lives. Finally, fathers report doing a lot more caregiving than has been suggested by other studies. (Author abstract).

Title: Preferences and Perceptions About Getting Support Expressed By Low-Income Fathers.
Author(s): Summers, Jean Ann.;Boller, Kimberly.;Raikes, Helen.
Published: 2004
Journal Name: Fathering
v. 2, 1, Winter 2004, p. 61-82
Available from: Men's Studies Press
http://www.mensstudies.com/msp/harriman/fathering.html
Dr. Jay Fagan, General Editor
Temple University
Ritter Hall Annex, 5th Floor
13th Street and Cecil B. Moore Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19122
Abstract: This report examines the perspectives of fathers of low-income children about their needs and resources for support to help them with their parenting responsibilities. The data are taken from open-ended, qualitative interviews of 575 men as part of a comprehensive study of fathers related to the Early Head Start Longitudinal Study. The interviews, taken when the father or father figure's child was 24 months of age, asked fathers about the barriers they experienced to fathering, about the sources of support or help they had available, and about supports they thought might be useful. The transcripts were analyzed using a constant comparison method to create a coding structure and coded using NUD*IST software. The primary barrier discussed by fathers was the difficulty of juggling work and other time demands, and their time for fathering. A number of fathers said there were no barriers and furthermore said they did not want any help or support. Fathers described their primary sources of support as their spouse or partner, their own parents (especially their mothers), and their own internal resources (e.g., motivation, patience). Themes fathers discussed related to Early Head Start included (a) direct supports to fathers for parenting or concrete supports (e.g., employment, social services); (b) indirect supports to their child's mother; and (c) no supports perceived. Implications for Early Head Start father involvement programs are discussed. (Author abstract).

Title: Women, Trauma Histories, and Co-occurring Disorders: Assessing the Scope of the Problem.
Author(s): Newmann, Joy Perkins.;Sallmann, Jolanda.
Published: 2004
Journal Name: Social Service Review
v. 78, 3, September 2004, p. 466-499
Available from: University of Chicago Press
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/SSR/
Journals Division
PO Box 37005
Chicago, IL 60637
Abstract: Findings are presented from one site in a federal study of services for women who have co-occurring mental health and substance use problems and histories of physical or sexual abuse. Among sampled women with two or more publicly funded substance abuse or mental health treatment episodes in 1998, one-third reported co-occurring mental health and substance use problems. Compared to other sample members, these women reported greater numbers of abuse experiences and other adverse life circumstances and had more complex diagnostic and treatment histories. They also show a greater tendency to suicidal ideation and are more likely to use prescription medications. (Author abstract)

Title: Playing With Daddy: Social Toy Play, Early Head Start, and Developmental Outcomes.
Author(s): Lori A. Roggman;Lisa K. Boyce;Gina A. Cook;Katie Christiansen;DeAnn Jones.
Published: 2004
Journal Name: Fathering
v. 2, 1, Winter 2004, p. 83-109
Available from: Men's Studies Press
http://www.mensstudies.com/msp/harriman/fathering.html
Dr. Jay Fagan, General Editor
Temple University
Ritter Hall Annex, 5th Floor
13th Street and Cecil B. Moore Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19122
Abstract: Research on fathers in Early Head Start (EHS) has provided an opportunity to study fathers from low-income families. We examined father-toddler social toy play in relation to EHS enrollment, fathers' psychosocial well-being, and children's developmental outcomes in a sample of 74 father-toddler dyads. Overall, our results show that father-toddler social toy play was more complex among fathers in an EHS program than among those in a comparison group. Greater complexity in father-toddler social toy play predicted better cognitive and social developmental outcomes for young children, especially in the program group, but it was limited by fathers' psychosocial well-being in the comparison group and by time availability in the program group. Nevertheless, the impact of EHS on father-toddler play suggests that an early intervention that targets father involvement can influence positive father-toddler interactions in ways that enhance early development. (Author abstract)

Title: Handbook of Pediatric Psychology in School Settings.
Author(s): Brown, Ronald T. (Ed.)
Published: 2004
Available from: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
http://www.leaonline.com/
Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
325 Chestnut St., Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 09106
Abstract: Intended for pediatric and school psychologists, physicians, and other professionals, this handbook focuses on the delivery of pediatric psychological services in schools. It is divided into eight sections that reflect the areas of pediatric psychology as it is practice in school settings. Following an introduction, Section 1 reviews basic background issues and includes chapters that discuss models and methods in pediatric psychology and pediatrics for collaboration with schools, and using the school as a venue of managing and preventing health problems. Section 2 addresses prevention and health promotion and includes chapters that discuss concepts and interventions for the prevention of injuries, promotion of health behaviors, promotion of mental health, early identification of physical and psychological disorders in the school setting, and adherence. Diseases encountered in school settings are reviewed in Section 3, including asthma, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, seizure disorders, hematological disorders, cancer, pediatric heart disease, recurrent abdominal pain and functional gastrointestinal disorders, traumatic brain injury, and psychosocial challenges and clinical interventions for children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. Section 4 considers symptoms, assessment, and treatment of children with developmental disorders and conditions, including genetic disorders in children, the teratology of alcohol, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders and mental retardation, child abuse and neglect, and elimination disorders. Section 5 explores health issues related to development and includes chapters on neonatology, prematurity, and health issues associated with adolescents. Different types of school interventions are reviewed in Section 6, including behavioral approaches, group and psycho educational approaches, pharmacological approaches, consultation with school personnel, consultation with families, and strategies for school and social reintegration after a serious illness or injury. Peer relations and solid organ transplantation are covered in Section 7, and Section 8 includes chapters on training in the delivery of pediatric psychology services in school systems, clinical opportunities, and ethical and legal issues. Numerous references.

Title: Kids Helping Kids Break the Silence of Sexual Abuse.
Author(s): Foltz, Linda Lee.
Published: 2003
Available from: Lighthouse Point Press
100 First Ave., Ste. 525
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
Abstract: Each chapter presents the true story of a child victim of sexual abuse and tells how, because of blame and shame, the victims became trapped in silence, how they broke the bonds of secrecy, and offers advice on how to avoid such abuse and how to get help. (Author abstract)

Title: Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003 : Public Law 108-36 : S. 342
Published: 2003
Abstract: Extends and amends the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act; the Adoption Opportunities Act; the Abandoned Infants Assistance Act; and the Family Violence Prevention and Services Act.

Title: Other Than the Drug Problem He is a Good Father : Barriers to Healthy Marriage and Parenting Among Poor, Urban Black Men.
Author(s): Sams-Abiodun, Petrice.;Sanchez, Laura Ann.
Published: 2003
Available from: National Poverty Center
http://www.npc.umich.edu/
Joan and Sanford Weill Hall, Suite 5100
735 S. State Street
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-3091
Printable version (PDF): http://www.npc.umich.edu/news/events/past/paper5_Sams-Abiodun.pdf
Abstract: We contribute to research on Black urban low-income fathers and family men, by using genealogical and qualitative methods to explore their varying attachments and contributions to households. We focus on the ways men and their families describe their positive services as providers, protectors, nurturers, and caretakers. We also address Black men's barriers to healthy family relationships and especially barriers to effective parenting. The interviews and genealogical analyses clearly show a strong pro-social desire to contribute as family men and civic leaders in their poor neighborhoods. But our basic finding is that Black men are routinely spread thin across multiple households and bear substantial responsibilities as elder and child caregivers. Since we focus on a very distressed, disadvantaged public housing project, we find that the majority of men face serious limitations that hamper their fathering and family roles. We will describe several policy implications from these analyses. (Author abstract, modified).

Title: Has the Future of Marriage Arrived? : A Contemporary Examination of Gender, Marriage, and Psychological Well-Being.
Author(s): Williams, Kristi.
Published: 2003
Journal Name: Journal of health and social behavior
v. 44, 4, December, p. 470-487
Available from: American Sociological Association
http://www.asanet.org
1307 New York Ave. NW
Washington, DC 20005-4701
Abstract: A long tradition of research and theory on gender, marriage, and mental health suggests that marital status is more important to men's psychological wellbeing than women's while marital quality is more important to women's wellbeing than men's. These beliefs rest largely on a theoretical and empirical foundation established in the 1970s, but, despite changes in gender and family roles, they have rarely been questioned. The present analysis of three waves of a nationally representative survey indicates that, with few exceptions, the effects of marital status, marital transitions, and marital quality on psychological wellbeing are similar for men and women. Further, for men and women, occupying an unsatisfying marriage undermines psychological well-being to a similar extent--and, in some cases, to a greater extent--than exiting marriage or being continually unmarried. (Author abstract).

Title: Race/Ethnic Differences in Father Involvement in Two-Parent Families : Culture, Context, or Economy?
Author(s): Hofferth, Sandra L.
Published: 2003
Journal Name: Journal of family issues
v. 24, 2, March 2003, p. 185-216
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: This article examines the contribution of economic circumstances, neighborhood context, and cultural factors to explaining race/ethnic differences in fathering in two-parent families. Data come from the 1997 Child Development Supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a nationally representative sample of children younger than age 13. Black children's fathers exhibit less warmth but monitor their children more, Hispanic fathers monitor their children less, and both minority groups exhibit more responsibility for child rearing than White fathers. Economic circumstances contribute to differences in paternal engagement and control, and neighborhood factors contribute to differences in warmth and responsibility. Cultural factors, such as intergenerational fathering and gender-role attitudes, contribute to explaining differences from Whites in control and responsibility on the part of both Blacks and Hispanics. (Author abstract).

Title: Childhood experience and the expression of genetic potential : what childhood neglect tells us about nature and nurture.
Author(s): Perry, Bruce D.
Published: 2002
Journal Name: Brain and mind.
v. 3, 1, April 2002, p. 79-100
Available from: ChildTrauma Academy
http://childtraumaacademy.org/
5161 San Felipe
Suite 320
Houston, TX 77056
Printable version (PDF): http://www.childtrauma.org/ctamaterials/MindBrain.pdf
Abstract: Studies of childhood abuse and neglect have important lessons for considerations of nature and nurture. While each child has unique genetic potentials, both human and animal studies point to important needs that every child has, and severe long-term consequences for brain function if those needs are not met. The effects of the childhood environment, favorable or unfavorable, interact with all the processes of neurodevelopment (neurogenesis, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, arborization, synaptogenesis, synaptic sculpting, and myelination). The time courses of all these neural processes are reviewed here along with statements of core principles for both genetic and environmental influences on all of these processes. Evidence is presented that development of synaptic pathways tends to be a "use it or lose it" proposition. Abuse studies from the author's laboratory, studies of children in orphanages who lacked emotional contact, and a large number of animal deprivation and enrichment studies point to the need for children and young nonhuman mammals to have both stable emotional attachments with and touch from primary adult caregivers, and spontaneous interactions with peers. If these connections are lacking, brain development both of caring behavior and cognitive capacities is damaged in a lasting fashion. These effects of experience on the brain imply that effects of modern technology can be positive but need to be monitored. While technology has raised opportunities for children to become economically secure and literate, more recent inadvertent impacts of technology have spawned declines in extended families, family meals, and spontaneous peer interactions. The latter changes have deprived many children of experiences that promote positive growth of the cognitive and caring potentials of their developing brains. (Author abstract)

Title: An Experimental Study of an Empowerment-Based Intervention for African American Head Start Fathers.
Author(s): Fagan, Jay.;Stevenson, Howard C.
Published: 2002
Journal Name: Family relations
v. 51, 3, July 2002, p. 191-198
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: This study examined the effects of an empowerment intervention, Men as Teachers, on African American Head Start fathers. Fathers were randomly assigned to the empowerment program or to a control group in which participants viewed a five-part videotape series on parenting. The results revealed a significant improvement in fathers' attitudes about their ability to teach their preschool-age children for the experimental group only. There was no significant improvement in these fathers' attitudes about racial oppression socialization practices. Resident fathers in the experimental group showed significant gains in self-esteem and parenting satisfaction. (Author abstract).

Title: The Positive Effects of Marriage : A Book of Facts.
Author(s): Fagan, Patarick.;Rector, Robert.;Johnson, Kirk.
Published: 2002
Available from: Heritage Foundation
http://www.heritage.org
214 Massachusetts Ave., NE,
Washington, DC 20002
Printable version (PDF): http://www.heritage.org/Research/Features/Marriage/upload/48119_1.pdf
Abstract: As social science research data and government surveys increasingly show, the decline in marriagesince the 1960s has been accompanied by a rise in a number of serious social problems. Childrenborn out of wedlock or whose parents divorce are much more likely to experience poverty,abuse, and behavioral and emotional problems, have lower academic achievement, and use drugsmore often. Single mothers are much more likely to be victims of domestic violence. With the rise inthese problems comes high program costs to deal with the effects of the breakdown of marriage.For children whose parents remain married, however, the benefits are real. Adolescents fromthese families have been found to have better health and are less likely to be depressed, are less likelyto repeat a grade in school, and have fewer developmental problems. The implications of suchmounting evidence for social policy are immense. Too many welfare programs continue to underminemarriage among the poor and must be reevaluated.The following charts, based on the government surveys and independent studies listed inAppendix A, are offered to policymakers and decisionmakers to aid in their discussions of promarriage policies. (Author abstract).

Title: Building Strong Foundations : Practical Guidance for Promoting the Social-emotional Development of Infants and Toddlers.
Author(s): Parlakian, Rebecca.;Seibel, Nancy L.
Published: 2002
Available from: Zero to Three: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families
http://www.zerotothree.org
2000 M Street, NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20036
Abstract: This guide explores the impact of supportive relationships on the social-emotional development of very young children, and provides strategies supervisors and practitioners can use to foster social-emotional development. It begins with an explanation of infant mental health and the role of relationships in promoting and supporting children's mental health. A table details the six essential development stages of young children, and types of interactions that characterize supportive and nurturing bonds between parent and child are listed. The influence of different cultures on child rearing practices is also explored. The following section highlights how strong relationships between supervisors and staff, as well as staff and families, foster nurturing parent-child relationships and promote infant mental health. Practical strategies that leaders can take to promote infant mental health are then identified at the supervisory and organizational levels. Finally, guidelines for identifying infant mental health needs are offered, and include strategies for observing the child, using self-awareness when talking with parents about observations, and identifying flexible responses that meet the child's and family's needs. Vignettes and staff exercises are included throughout the guide to foster comprehension. 3 tables.

Title: Children's Time With Fathers in Intact Families.
Author(s): Yeung, W. Jean.;Sandberg, John F.;Davis, Pamela E.;Hofferth, Sandra L.
Published: 2001
Journal Name: Journal of marriage and family
v. 63, 1, February 2001, p. 136-154
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: This paper uses the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine children's involvement with their fathers in intact families as measured through time spent together. Our findings suggest that although mothers still shoulder the lion's share of the parenting, fathers' involvement relative to that of mothers appears to be on the increase. A "new father" role is emerging on weekends in intact families. Different determinants of fathers' involvement were found on weekdays and on weekends. Fathers' wages and work hours have a negative relationship with the time they spend with a child on weekdays, but not on weekends. Mothers' work hours have no effect on children's time with fathers. On weekends, Black fathers were found to be less involved and Latino fathers more involved with their children than are White fathers. The weekday-weekend differential suggests that a simple gender inequality theory is not sufficient in explaining the dynamics of household division of labor in today's American families.

Title: Conditional Fatherhood : Identity Theory and Parental Investment Theory as Alternative Sources of Explanation of Fathering.
Author(s): Fox, Greer Litton.;Bruce, Carol.
Published: 2001
Journal Name: Journal of marriage and family
v. 63, 2, May 2001, p. 394-403
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: Two alternative theoretical models of parenting, identity theory and parental investment theory, are investigated as sources of explanation of men's fathering attitudes and behaviors. Four dimensions of fathering are explored: responsivity, harshness, behavioral engagement, and affective involvement. Concepts from identity theory operationalized as predictors include father role salience, role satisfaction, and reflected appraisals. From parental investment theory, concepts included investment maximization, contingent commitment, and paternity certitude. Using telephone survey data drawn from a community-based probability sample of 208 fathers, each of the four individual indicators of fathering and a composite fathering measure were regressed against the theoretical predictors in hierarchical regression analyses. Both theoretical models were significant, with identity theory predictors accounting for a greater proportion of variance than the parental investment theory predictors. This study underlines the importance of social psychological variables to understanding variations in men's commitments to children. (Author abstract).

Title: Shared Parenting in Fragile Families.
Author(s): Carlson, Marcia.;MacLanahan, Sara.
Published: 2001
Available from: Center for Research on Child Wellbeing
http://crcw.princeton.edu
Wallace Hall
Princeton University
Princeton, NJ 08544
Printable version (PDF): http://crcw.princeton.edu/workingpapers/WP01-16-FF-Carlson.pdf
Abstract: This paper uses data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine the frequency of parent-child interaction in several areas across a range of family types. Overall, we find that few individual characteristics of mothers or fathers are consistently associated with how often parents engage in activities with their one-year-old children. The nature of parents' relationship, however, does appear to be important for parenting. Non-resident fathers exhibit significantly lower levels of interaction with their children in activities such as care giving, playing and cognitive stimulation, than resident fathers. In addition, the father's supportiveness toward the mother affects several mother-child and father-child activities. Future research with a larger sample and a greater number of comparable parenting items will be useful for improving our understanding of how mother-father relationships, mothers' parenting, and fathers' parenting are linked to each other and, ultimately, to children's wellbeing. (Author abstract).

Title: The Magic of Everyday Moments.
Published: 2000
Available from: Zero to Three: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families
http://www.zerotothree.org
2000 M Street, NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20036
Abstract: This collection of booklets is part of a campaign effort to encourage parents to promote the healthy development of young children (ages birth to 36 months) through everyday routines. An introductory booklet discusses the goals of the campaign, the value of everyday routines and interactions, booklet components, and suggestions for using each section of the booklets. Eight booklets are then provided that align with the pediatric well-child visit schedule and highlight everyday moment areas in each developmental stage: 0-4 months targets feeding and comforting; 4-6 months targets feeding and playing; 6-9 months focuses on bath time and saying goodnight; 9-12 months discusses hellos and goodbyes and grocery shopping; 12 to 15 months focuses on taking a walk and reading; 15-18 months discusses being a helper and going to appointments; 18 to 24 months targets running errands and getting dressed; and 24-36 months discusses making friends and playing pretend. Each of the booklets describes what parents may be feeling and challenges they face, includes two everyday moments vignettes, and provides a developmental chart that describes eight key skills children are working on during that specific age range and what parents can do to support these new abilities.

Title: Next Step Program.
Published: 2000
Available from: CAP Services
5499 Highway 10 East
Suite A
Stevens Point, WI 54481
Abstract: This final report discusses the activities and outcomes of the Next Step Program in Wautoma, Wisconsin, a program designed to build a reliable system of collaborative intervention services, including educational and treatment services for parents at risk of child abuse or neglect and child abuse and neglect training and technical assistance services for area educators and child care providers. To implement the program, a rural partnership of public and nonprofit organizations was developed that included school districts, care providers, the Department of Social Services, the Department of Community Programs, United Migrant Opportunities Services, and the Department of Probation and Parole. The project included intervention programs such as Parent Nurturing Programs, Parent Child Interaction Groups, a school-based Teen Mom Program, an anger management program, The Parent Connector Program, and case management services. Prevention programs were also offered, including a school-based self-esteem program called Girl Power Group, a mentoring program called the Pals Program, a concerned parent group, and a school based program for 1st and 2nd graders called the Second Step Program. Training elements included workshops that addressed cultural sensitivity, working with adolescents, and child abuse and neglect recognition. Information on each of the components of the project is provided, along with assessment materials for referral to the Family Resource Center.

Title: Child Abuse Prevention and Enforcement Act of 2000 : Public Law 106-177 : H.R. 764
Published: 2000
Abstract: Seeks to reduce the incidence of child abuse and neglect through law enforcement initiatives and prevention activities.

Title: System of State Safety Project.
Published: 2000
Available from: Prevent Child Abuse Connecticut
74 East St.
Plainville, CT 06062
Abstract: This final report discusses the activities and outcomes of the System of Safety (SOS) project in Connecticut, a school-based child abuse prevention, identification, and response project that promoted child safety, adult/child communication, and responsible application of the legal mandate to report child abuse and neglect. The project was implemented through a collaboration of the Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center and the Wheeler Clinic, a mental health treatment center for children and families. The primary activities of the project included: training of teachers for preschool through elementary school age students; intervention programs for students in preschool, kindergarten, and elementary classrooms; programs for parents with specific outreach to fathers; and dissemination of child abuse information. Activities were conducted from September 1997 through September 2000 and resulted in the training of over 1,395 school and community staff and safety programs for 480 parents and 2,905 children. The report describes the ecological model used by the SOS program, the goals of the program, and the evaluation of the puppet show Kids on the Block, the Talking About Touching curriculum program, staff training efforts, and parent education initiatives. Results from the evaluations indicate the SOS program increased knowledge about child abuse, and helped teachers to be more comfortable and confident in differentiating normal from problematic sexual behavior in children and in responding to sexual behavior in children. Appendices include assessment materials. 5 references.

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