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Well Being - Results (60 Publications)

Title: Economic Self-Sufficiency for Families Affected by HIV and/or Substance Abuse.
Author(s): Krall, John.;Kohlenberg, Betty.;Martin, David.;Minton, Lisa.;Smith, Linney.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: The Source
v. 17, 1, Spring 2008,
Available from: National Abandoned Infants Assistance Resource Center
http://aia.berkeley.edu
University of California, Berkeley
School of Social Welfare
1950 Addison St., Suite 104
Berkeley, CA 94704
Printable version (PDF): http://aia.berkeley.edu/media/pdf/source_vol17_no1.pdf
Abstract: This journal issue focuses on employment challenges faced by families affected by HIV and/or substance abuse and best practices for assisting such families become economically self-sufficient. The first article discusses workforce reentry for people living with HIV/AIDS. Research results are reported on the desire of individuals with HIV/AIDS to return to employment, and models of vocational rehabilitation are described. Factors to consider when contemplating a return to work are also explored, and federal legislation designed to support workforce reentry is highlighted. The second article discusses strategies for creating effective employment services for people living with HIV/AIDS. Barriers to employment and solutions are considered in four domains: medical, legal/financial, psychosocial, and vocational. Phases of the vocational process for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs), finding HIV-specific employment services, and creating HIV-specific employment services are discussed. The following article considers how agencies can integrate vocational services into substance abuse treatment and describes the clinical issues involved. The issue also includes an interview with Linney Smith, Senior Vice President for Prevention and Support Services at Housing Works in New York City, that describes their social ventures and the ways in which these entrepreneurial activities have improved the organizational bottom line while helping clients develop economic self-sufficiency. The final article highlights the Job Readiness Program at Chrysalis House, Inc., in Lexington, Kentucky. The program supports women and their families in recovery from alcohol and other drug abuse. Numerous references.

Title: Transitioning Youth with Mental Health Needs to Meaningful Employment and Independent Living.
Author(s): Woolsey, Lindsey.;Katz-Leavey, Judith.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability for Youth (NCWD/Youth)
http://www.ncwd-youth.info
c/o Institute for Educational Leadership
4455 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 310
Washington, DC 20008
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ncwd-youth.info/assets/reports/mental_health_case_study_report.pdf
Abstract: This report discusses the findings of a federally funded study that investigated successful strategies for assisting youth with mental health needs as they transition to postsecondary education, employment, and independent lives. It presents the findings from case studies of five promising program sites, selected from a national scan of the field, and identifies successful program design features. The case studies featured include: The Village Integrated Service Agency's Transitional Age Youth program in Long Beach, California; Options in Vancouver, Washington; Our Town Integrated Service Agency in Indianapolis, Indiana; the Transitional Community Treatment Team in Columbus, Ohio; and YouthSource in Renton, Washington. Part 1 of the report surveys reviews current research findings on youth with mental health needs and the methodology of the study, and Part 2 describes design features in the case study sites that address commonly cited challenges to successful transition by youth with mental health needs. Successful design features included: program locations that are distinct and separate from adult service program locations; staffing choices that promote engagement of youth and young adults; individualized mental health interventions that are youth-friendly and innovative; assessment and service planning processes that facilitate the identification of individual strengths, talents, and skills that can lead to education and career goals; exposure to the world of work and career options, including individualized support by program staff; and access to a range of transitional housing options in the community that fit the individual's readiness to live independently. Part 3 of the report presents systems-level factors that affect success at the service delivery and individual outcome levels. Findings from the site visits indicate successful programs actively seek out partnerships with service agencies and organizations in their community to provide a comprehensive array of services; identify, access, and leverage funding streams to enhance and expand program services; and promote systems change to the benefit of the population of transition-age youth with mental health needs. Final sections discuss recommendations for programs, staff, and State and federal policymakers. 30 references.

Title: Feasibility Study of the Social Enterprise Intervention With Homeless Youth.
Author(s): Ferguson, Kristin M.;Xie, Bin.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Research on Social Work Practice
v. 18, 1, January 2008, p. 5-19
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Objective: To reduce mental health symptoms and high-risk behaviors and increase social support and service utilization among street-living youth, the authors conducted a pilot study to assess the feasibility of the social enterprise intervention (SEI) at a homeless youth agency. Method: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 16 street-living youth from the agency. SEI participants received 7 months of vocational and small business training and service referrals. A comparison sample of 12 agency youth was used. Results: Findings from independent sample t tests demonstrate that SEI participants displayed significant improvements at 9 months in life satisfaction, family contact, peer support, and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Preliminary findings suggest that the SEI was feasible within the agency setting and associated with higher mental health and social outcomes. (Author abstract)

Title: Interviewing Culturally Diverse Children and Adolescents. (Chapter 9 in Interviewing Clients Across Cultures: A Practitioner's Guide.)
Author(s): Fontes, Lisa Aronson.
Published: 2008
Available from: Guilford Press
http://www.guilford.com/
72 Spring Street
New York, NY 10012
Abstract: Special issues in interviewing culturally diverse children and adolescents are discussed, and strategies are provided for preparing for interviews with youth from a variety of cultures and assessing them properly. Guidance is given on misinterpreting their behaviors, using assessment instruments with cultural minority youth and families, assessing development in children, and interviewing adolescents. Questions for discussion are also included.

Title: Building a Data Sharing Network of Scholarship Programs for Alumni of Foster Care: Pilot Phase Process and Findings.
Author(s): Schultz, Jennifer Lee.;Mueller, Dan.
Published: 2008
Available from: Casey Family Programs
http://www.casey.org
1300 Dexter Avenue North, Floor 3

Seattle, WA 98109-3542
Printable version (PDF): http://www.casey.org/NR/rdonlyres/DAC76D55-0D4E-45D4-B9D4-E3E99BA3FB24/703/CaseyPilotPhaseAlumniFosterCare_708.pdf
Abstract: In order to help strengthen the capacity of scholarship programs to systematically gather and examine data on their recipients, Wilder Research and Casey Family Programs launched the Foster Care Alumni Scholarship Benchmarking Network (Network), a data sharing initiative. The Network consists of a common database into which participating programs pooled data on their programs and scholarship recipients. The participating programs included scholarship programs designed specifically for youth who have been in foster care. This report describes the process of launching the Network and presents preliminary findings based on data collected in the pilot phase. (Author abstract)

Title: Community Services Locator: An Online Directory for Finding Community Services for Children and Families.
Author(s): Lorenzo, Susan Brune.;Mayer, Rochelle.
Published: 2008
Available from: Maternal and Child Health Library
http://www.mchlibrary.info
National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health
Georgetown University
Box 571272
Washington, DC 20057-1272
Document available online at: http://www.mchlibrary.info/KnowledgePaths/kp_community.html
Abstract: Most communities have education, health, mental health, family support, parenting, child care, and other services that can help support children and families. However, locating those services or even knowing which services to look for is often difficult. The Community Services Locator is designed to help service providers and families find available national, state, and local resources that can address child and family needs. (Author abstract)

Title: Factors Associated With Young Children's Opportunities for Maintaining Family Relationships During Maternal Incarceration.
Author(s): Poehlman, Julie.;Shlafer, Rebecca J.;Maes, Elizabeth.;Hanneman, Ashley.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Family Relations
v. 57, 3, July 2008, p. 267-280
Available from: National Council on Family Relations
http://www.ncfr.org
3989 Central Avenue, NE
Suite 550
Minneapolis, MN 55421
Abstract: Children affected by maternal incarceration experience challenges maintaining continuos family relationships because of changes in caregivers, separation from siblings, and limited contact with mothers. In this mixed-method study, we investigated maternal and contextual factors associated with continuity in family relationships of children living with relatives because of their mother's incarceration. Interviews with 92 incarcerated mothers revealed that children were more likely to live in continuous caregiving arrangements when mothers felt that the caregiver was their choice, when children lived with fathers, and when the mother-caregiver relationship was more positive. In addition, most mothers were concerned about the quality or stability of care when expressing a preference for children's living arrangements. (Author abstract)

Title: Confining Fatherhood: Incarceration and Paternal Involvement Among Nonresident White, African American, and Latino Fathers.
Author(s): Swisher, Raymond.;Waller, Maureen R.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Family Issues
v. 29, 8, August 2008, p. 1067-1088
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: The authors examine the consequences of incarceration for nonresident White, Latino, and African American fathers' contact with children and their formal and informal child support agreements. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, they found that fathers' current incarceration presented serious obstacles to maintaining contact with children and interfered with the establishment of informal financial support agreements with mothers. Recent and past incarceration were strongly and negatively associated with how often non-Latino White fathers saw their children but had a considerably smaller effect for African American and Latino fathers. A similar pattern of racial and ethnic differences was observed with respect to mothers' trust of fathers to take care of their children. Findings suggest the continued need for fathering programs in prisons and for reentry programs for fathers in communities following their release. (Author abstract)

Title: Questions and Answers: Child and Family Services Reviews and the Education Well-Being Outcome.
Published: 2008
Available from: Legal Center for Foster Care and Education
http://www.abanet.org/child/education/home.shtml
American Bar Association, Center on Children and the Law
740 15th Street, NW.
Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://www.abanet.org/child/education/QA_7_CFSR_FINAL.pdf
Abstract: This factsheet discusses the Child and Family Service Reviews as related to foster care and education. (Author abstract)

Title: Cost-Effectiveness of Depression Treatment for Adolescents (Editorial).
Author(s): Norquist, Grayson.;McGuire, Thomas G.;Essock, Susan M.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: American Journal of Psychiatry
v. 165, 5, May 2005, p. 549-552
Available from: American Psychiatric Publishing
http://www.psychiatryonline.org/
1000 Wilson Blvd, Suite 1825

Arlington, VA 22209-3901
Document available online at: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/165/5/549
Printable version (PDF): http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/reprint/165/5/549
Abstract: The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) compared the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), an antidepressant medication (fluoxetine), and the combination of these treatments to a baseline in which adolescents received only placebo. Data from stage I of TADS (after 12 weeks of treatment) showed 71% of adolescents had improvement in symptoms with combination therapy, while 61% improved with fluoxetine alone. Only 43% of those receiving CBT alone improved, which was not significantly better than those receiving placebo (35%). The data was used to calculate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and cost-effectiveness ratios. Key findings indicate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for fluoxetine relative to placebo ($61 per unit decrease on the Children's Depression Rating Scale--Revised) and for combination treatment relative to placebo ($249 per unit decrease). In other analyses, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of fluoxetine was reported as 4 to 5 times more cost-effective than combination therapy. 8 references.

Title: Psychotherapy with Infants and Young Children: Repairing the Effects of Stress and Trauma on Early Attachment.
Author(s): Lieberman, Alicia F.;Van Horn, Patricia.
Published: 2008
Available from: Guilford Press
http://www.guilford.com/
72 Spring Street
New York, NY 10012
Abstract: This text describes child-parent psychotherapy (CPP), an empirically supported treatment that engages parents as the most powerful agents of their young children's health development. Chapter 1 presents a detailed overview of CPP as a relationship-based treatment for mental health problems of infancy and early childhood. It describes the integration of different theoretical perspectives into a multifaceted treatment approach that includes systematic attention to the child and the family in the context of their developmental, cultural, and ecological circumstances. The range of stressors facing young children and their impact on brain development are addressed in Chapter 2, along with the continuum of mental health and relationship difficulties that encompass temporary and circumscribed perturbations, more generalized and lasting disturbances, and pervasive, entrenched disorders. Chapter 3 outlines CPP theoretical goals, therapeutic modalities, and core clinical competences for treatment across the range of problem severity. The role of initial assessment as the foundation for a comprehensive treatment plan is described in Chapter 4, and Chapter 5 illustrates the implementation of CPP with children and parents showing mental health perturbations. Chapters 6 and 7 discuss the treatment of a child, mother, and father with problems in the disturbance-disorder end of the continuum in the context of domestic violence followed by an acrimonious divorce, and CPP variations in response to specific challenges. Clinical difficulties inherent to the CPP focus on the child-parent relationship are described in Chapter 8 through four case examples, and Chapter 9 places clinical intervention in the context of the system of care that must often be enlisted to collaborate on behalf of the child and the family. The final chapter offers a reflection on the clinical enterprise in the context of the external constraints and internal pressures experienced by therapists. Case examples are used throughout the text to illustrate key concepts. Numerous references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Counseling, Psychology, and Children. 2nd ed.
Author(s): Wagner, William G.
Published: 2008
Available from: Pearson
http://www.pearsonhighered.com
230 Pearson Parkway
Lebanon, IN 46052
Abstract: This book presents a multidimensional approach to child therapy that includes the following components: Intervention Target, Multimodal Interventions, and Caregiver Collaboration. It begins with an introduction to the model, followed by an examination of developmental and cultural factors that should be considered when working with children. Ethical and legal issues related to the treatment children are then explored, as well as contemporary issues in child therapy, the assessment of the child, and the art and science of child therapy, including its process and outcome. Part 2 of the text focuses on therapeutic interventions for children. Chapters describe four categories of methods commonly used in child therapy: psychodynamic, child-centered, behavioral/cognitive-behavioral, and family systems. The theoretical foundations for the four schools of therapy are reviewed, followed by treatment techniques based on these theories and case examples illustrating the use of these methods in treating childhood problems. The final part begins with a discussion of consultation with parents, schools, and the courts. Chapter 16 examines alternative therapy methods, including psychopharmacotherapy, hypnotherapy, and controversial treatments. The text concludes with a discussion of integrated therapies for children from two points of view: therapeutic models and service delivery systems. Recent developments in constructivist therapies for children are explored, as well as systems of care and wraparound models for service delivery. Appendices include the American Counseling Association's and the American Psychological Association's codes of ethics. Numerous references.

Title: 209: Integrating Concurrent Planning into Child Welfare.
Author(s): Fisher, June.
Published: 2008
Available from: Pennsylvania Child Welfare Training Program
http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu
University of Pittsburgh, School of Social Work
403 East Winding Hill Road
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
Document available online at: http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu/Curriculum/209IntegratingConcurrentPlanningIntoCW.html
Abstract: Concurrent Planning is an important method in providing permanency to children who are in out-of-home care. This workshop provides child welfare professionals with an understanding of what is concurrent planning and the benefits and challenges of concurrent planning. It introduces the elements of concurrent planning and assists the child welfare worker in learning new ways to approach service planning and delivery at every stage of a child's placement. Strategies for overcoming challenges are discussed. The components of the Three Stage Casework Process and the Full Disclosure Interview which lead to successful concurrent planning are explained. The importance of developing a case plan, conducting case reviews, and performing case management tasks based on the needs of the child and youth is emphasized to guide a Child Welfare Professional's decision making and to increase permanency options. This training is intended for all caseworkers, supervisors, and administrators who provide direct services to families and/or develop policy that guides casework practice and allocation of resources. (Author abstract)

Title: Promoting Resilience in Young People in Long-Term Care: The Relevance of Roles and Relationships in the Domains of Recreation and Work.
Author(s): Gilligan, Robbie.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Social Work Practice
v. 22, 1, 2008, p. 37-50
Abstract: This paper seeks to highlight the resilience-enhancing potential for vulnerable young people of roles and relationships in the domains of recreation and work. The paper explores its theme through a specific focus on the needs of young people in long-term care. Thepaper has four sections: the first deals with some key conceptual propositions relevant to understanding resilience-related processes; the second with the resilience-enhancing potential of recreational activities; the third with the resilience-enhancing potential of work roles; and the fourth with the implications for practices by carers and professionals inrelation to helping young people in care to derive benefits from the positives that recreation and work experiences may have to offer. The paper reviews relevant research evidence from a range of perspectives and through related case examples. (Author abstract)

Title: 202: Foundations of Independent Living: An Overview.
Author(s): Kissell, Deborah L.
Published: 2008
Available from: Pennsylvania Child Welfare Training Program
http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu
University of Pittsburgh, School of Social Work
403 East Winding Hill Road
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
Document available online at: http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu/Curriculum/202FoundationsofIndependentLivinganOverview.htm
Abstract: Participants in this training will be able to: Describe the social issues of unprepared youth and young adults exiting care; Describe the history, philosophy, legislation, and goals of the Pennsylvania Independent Living Program; Recognize the importance of permanent connections for youth within the community; Identify available resources to promote permanency for youth; and Describe the roles of collaborative partners that aid in empowering youth. (Author abstract)

Title: 202: The Independent Living Services Continuum: Engaging Youth in Their Transition Process.
Author(s): Kissell, Deborah L.
Published: 2008
Available from: Pennsylvania Child Welfare Training Program
http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu
University of Pittsburgh, School of Social Work
403 East Winding Hill Road
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
Document available online at: http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu/Curriculum/202TheIndependentLivingServicesContinuumEngagigYouthinTheirTransitionProcess.htm
Abstract: Participants in this training will be able to: Understand and implement the Independent Living continuum of services. They will also learn how to engage youth in that continuum; Develop a case plan with youth; Describe the rights of youth in the case planning process; Identify ways to engage youth in the case planning process; and Identify required documentation and its importance to the youth's successful transition. (Author abstract)

Title: When Development Falters: Putting Relationships First. (Chapter 1 in Psychotherapy with Infants and Young Children: Repairing the Effects of Stress and Trauma on Early Attachment.)
Author(s): Lieberman, Alicia F.;Van Horn, Patricia.
Published: 2008
Available from: Guilford Press
http://www.guilford.com/
72 Spring Street
New York, NY 10012
Abstract: This chapter presents a detailed overview of child-parent psychotherapy (CPP), as a relationship-based treatment for mental health problems of infancy and early childhood. It describes the integration of different theoretical perspectives into a multifaceted but coherent treatment approach that includes systematic attention to the child and the family in the context of their development, cultural, and ecological circumstances. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Developmental Needs and Individualized Family Service Plans Among Infants and Toddlers in the Child Welfare System.
Author(s): Casanueva, Cecilia E.;Cross, Theodore P.;Ringeisen, Heather.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Maltreatment
v. 13, 3, August 2008, p. 245-258
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: This study examines levels of developmental need in young children investigated by child protective services, estimates early intervention service use, and examines need and service use variations during the 5-6 years after investigation on the basis of maltreatment substantiation status. Data were from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, the first nationally representative study of children investigated for maltreatment. The sample comprised 1,845 children aged 0 to 36 months at baseline. Logistic regression with covariate adjustment was used to examine the relationship between having an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP; a proxy and marker of early intervention services through Part C of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act) and substantiation status. A high prevalence of developmental problems was found among children with substantiated cases and children with unsubstantiated cases. Few children with developmental needs had an IFSP. Substantiation status and level of child welfare system involvement were significantly associated with having an IFSP. (Author abstract)

Title: Foster Care to College Mentoring Program: Preliminary Report.
Published: 2008
Available from: Washington State Institute for Public Policy
http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/
110 Fifth Avenue SE, Suite 214
P.O. Box 40999
Olympia, WA 98504-0999
Printable version (PDF): http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/rptfiles/08-07-3903.pdf
Abstract: This report presents information on the first 18 months of the Foster Care to College (FCTC) mentoring program in Washington State. This pilot program is modeled on the mentoring program for foster youth run by Treehouse in King County. It expands the availability of education-focused mentoring to foster youth in all regions of the state. The FCTC mentoring program is funded by grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates and Stuart Foundations and funds from Department of Social and Health Services Children's Administration. Findings. The total number of youth referred, served, and matched in the program is lower than projected. Although not meeting the goal of 75 matches in year one, each DSHS Region with an established mentoring program met the goal of matching 50 new youth per year in the most recent twelvemonths. About 80 percent of youth in the program ever matched to a mentor were still actively matched as of March 31, 2008. Over the course of the 18-month program, the characteristics of enrolled youth and their mentors have shifted from the original contract requirements. The report suggests ways the program could be modified to facilitate referrals, increase access to the program, and improve the evaluation of program effectiveness. (Author abstract)

Title: State Part C Agency Practices and the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA).
Author(s): Stahmer, Aubyn C.;Sutton, Danielle Thorp.;Fox, Lise.;Leslie, Laurel K.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Topics in Early Childhood Special Education
v. 28, 2, August 2008, p. 99-108
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Each year nearly 900,000 cases of child abuse and neglect are substantiated in the United States, with the highest rates of maltreatment occurring among infants and toddlers. Children exposed to maltreatment are at increased risk of developmental delay. The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act specifies that children under age 3 with substantiated cases of abuse or neglect must have access to early intervention under Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. This research examines state practices developed by Part C agencies in response to new regulations. Part C agency representatives provided input on referrals, screening, evaluation, services, and tracking methods through a semistructured survey. Results indicate a need for standardized referral processes, increased agency understanding of consent procedures for children in foster care, coordination of routine screenings between child welfare and Part C, cross-agency training, and the development of tracking databases. Specific recommendations are provided. (Author abstract)

Title: Coping With Danger: The Stress-Trauma Continuum. (Chapter 2 in Psychotherapy with Infants and Young Children: Repairing the Effects of Stress and Trauma on Early Attachment.)
Author(s): Lieberman, Alicia F.;Van Horn, Patricia.
Published: 2008
Available from: Guilford Press
http://www.guilford.com/
72 Spring Street
New York, NY 10012
Abstract: This chapter examines how external dangers affect children's brain development and their relationships. It discusses application of this knowledge to treatment and describes a continuum of mental health and relationship difficulties that encompass temporary and circumscribed perturbations, more generalized and lasting disturbances, and pervasive, entrenched disorders. The gap between the conscious wish to care for a child and unconscious parental motivations is explained. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Intergrating Child-Parent Psychotherapy with Other Service Systems. (Chapter 9 in Psychotherapy with Infants and Young Children: Repairing the Effects of Stress and Trauma on Early Attachment.)
Author(s): Lieberman, Alicia F.;Van Horn, Patricia.
Published: 2008
Available from: Guilford Press
http://www.guilford.com/
72 Spring Street
New York, NY 10012
Abstract: This chapter places psychotherapy intervention in the context of the systems of care that must often be enlisted to collaborate on behalf of the child and the family, including pediatric care, child care, and the child protective system (CPS). Obstacles to a therapeutic relationship with parents in the CPS system are addressed and strategies are described for circumventing their negative impact on parental participation. Case examples are provided.

Title: Training Resource on Transitional Independent Living Plan.
Author(s): Becker, Irene.
Published: 2008
Available from: California Social Work Education Center (CalSWEC)
http://calswec.berkeley.edu/CalSWEC/
University of California, Berkeley
School of Social Welfare
Marchant Building, Suite 420
6701 San Pablo
Berkeley, CA 94720-7420
Document available online at: http://calswec.berkeley.edu/CalSWEC/OtherTraining_i.html
Abstract: This brief training resource is designed to disseminate vital information about the Transitional Independent Living Plan that is to be developed for a youth who is between the ages of 15 ½ and 16 by the county social worker/probation officer, with the active participation of the youth and other supporting adults The purpose of the TILP is to describe the youth's current level of functioning and identify emancipation goals, services, activities, and individuals assisting the youth in the process of obtaining self-sufficiency. Two resources are provided: one for supervisors and managers, the other for child welfare workers. The child welfare worker resource is designed to be conducted by a trainer, or by a supervisor or facilitator. Both are designed to last about one hour, so that they may be provided during a regular meeting, such as a unit meeting. (Author abstract)

Title: Building Assets Building Stronger Families: A Guide for Combining Asset Building With Family-Strengthening and Healthy Marriage Services.
Published: 2008
Available from: United States Office of Community Services
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ocs/
370 L'Enfant Promenade, SW
Washington, DC 20447
Document available online at: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ocs/afi/buildingassets/babsf_narr1.htm
Printable version (PDF): http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ocs/afi/buildingassets/curriculum_modules/main.pdf
Abstract: Acknowledging financial assets as the foundation to financial stability and long-term wealth accumulation, the Assets for Independence demonstration program targets the needs of low-income individuals and families for advancement through financial education and matched savings accounts. Building Assets * Building Stronger Families extends these principles by providing tools and strategies to integrate asset-building and family stability within ACF-supported programs. This manual presents an overview of asset-building and a series of 50 training modules for family-focused programs to showcase the profound connection between economic security and strong families. ACF programs can use this resource to promote family-strengthening activities as appropriate within their respective projects. (Author abstract)

Title: The 2008 Foundation for Child Development Child and Youth Well-Being Index (CWI) Report, Including, An Update of the CWI for the Years 1975-2006, Projections of the CWI for 2007, and Special Focus Report on an Intergenerational Comparison of Adolescent Well-Being.
Author(s): Land, Kenneth C.
Published: 2008
Available from: Foundation for Child Development
http://www.fcd-us.org
145 East 32nd Street
14th Floor
New York, NY 10016
Printable version (PDF): http://www.fcd-us.org/usr_doc/2008AnnualRelease.pdf
Abstract: The quality of life of American children has been stalled since 2002, according to the Foundation for Child Development (FCD) 2008 Child Well-Being Index (CWI), an annual comprehensive measure of how children are faring in the United States. The CWI calculates the overall status of American children for every year since 1975, and finds less than a three percent improvement for kids over the past generation. In addition to noting children's stalled improvement since 2002, the 2008 CWI also compares the well-being of teenagers in the first part of this decade (2003-2005; "Echo Boomers") with the well-being of teenagers in the early years of the study (1975-1977; "Late Baby Boomers"). The teenagers of 1975-1977 are likely to include many who are now the parents of teenagers. (Author abstract)

Title: Living on an Island: Consequences of Childhood Abuse, Attachment Disruption and Adversity in Later Life.
Author(s): Frederick, John.;Goddard, Chris.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child and Family Social Work
v. 13, 3, August 2008, p. 300-310
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: This paper reports on a study which sought to obtain greater knowledge and understanding of the life circumstances of a group of people who had experienced adversity and abuse in childhood. A qualitative research strategy involving in-depth interviews with individuals was used to help achieve the study's aim. The study found that interviewees detailed multiple risks to their development during childhood and adolescence, including experiences of child abuse, being placed in care and major grief and loss experiences. Most had left home in their mid-teenage years and had little or no contact with their families of origin. Interviewees had very limited social networks and described difficulties in making and keeping friends. Many reported unstable and often violent personal relationships. As suggested by attachment theory, this study supports the notion of developmental continuities from adverse childhood experiences into later life, particularly in relation to personal and social relationships. Recommendations for a number of suitable methods of intervention and support are outlined. (Author abstract)

Title: State-Level Impact of Mandated Referrals From Child Welfare to Part C Early Intervention.
Author(s): Derrington, Taletha Mae.;Lippitt, John A.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Topics in Early Childhood Special Education
v. 28, 2, August 2008, p. 90-98
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: New federal legislation requires states to develop policies to refer children younger than age 3 with substantiated cases of abuse or neglect to state Early Intervention (EI) systems. This article presents state-by-state estimates of potential referral and enrollment increases for EI. Many states could experience a significant increase in referrals (average 44%) and enrollment (average 22%). For effective implementation, states' EI systems will need to (a) increase EI system capacity, (b) identify additional funding, (c) find ways to successfully engage potentially resistant families, and (d) forge new interagency linkages. The state-by-state estimates provide both an indication of the potential impact in each state as well as goals that would reflect effective implementation of the referral mandate. (Author abstract)

Title: Fragile Families and the Reproduction of Poverty.
Author(s): McLanahan, Sara.
Published: 2008
Available from: Center for Research on Child Wellbeing
http://crcw.princeton.edu
Wallace Hall
Princeton University
Princeton, NJ 08544
Printable version (PDF): http://crcw.princeton.edu/workingpapers/WP08-04-FF.pdf
Abstract: In 1965, Daniel Patrick Moynihan warned that non-marital childbearing and marital dissolution were undermining the progress of African Americans. McLanahan argues that what Moynihan identified as a race-specific problem in the 1960s has now become a classbased phenomena as well. Using data from a new birth cohort study, the author shows that unmarried parents come from much more disadvantaged populations than married parents. She further argues that non-marital childbearing reproduces class and racial disparities through its association with partnership instability and multi-partnered fertility. These processes increase in maternal stress and mental health problems, reduce the quality of mothers' parenting, reduce paternal investments, and ultimately lead to poor outcomes in children. Finally, by spreading fathers' contributions across multiple households, partnership instability and multi-partnered fertility undermine the importance of individual fathers' contributions of time and money which is likely to affect the future marriage expectations of both sons and daughters. (Author abstract modified)

Note: Links to PDF files may change as papers progress. If the URL for the associated PDF is no longer valid, please check the CRCW and Fragile Families Publications page for updated information.

Title: Rates of Part C Eligibility for Young Children Investigated by Child Welfare.
Author(s): Rosenberg, Steven A.;Smith, Elliott G.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Topics in Early Childhood Special Education
v. 28, 2, August 2008, p. 68-74
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW), this study examined rates of developmental delays and Part C eligibility for 1,997 children younger than 3 years who were investigated for possible maltreatment by child welfare. Developmental delays that make children eligible for Part C early intervention occurred in 47% of this population. The rates of Part C eligibility for children with substantiated abuse or neglect were not different from those whose maltreatment was not substantiated. Similarly, no differences in eligibility were observed for children in out-of-home placement as compared to those living with parents. No statistically significant differences in rates were associated with differing types of maltreatment. (Author abstract)

Title: Maltreated Infants: Reported Eligibility for Part C and Later School-Age Special Education Services.
Author(s): Scarborough, Anita A.;McCrae, Julie S.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Topics in Early Childhood Special Education
v. 28, 2, August 2008, p. 75-89
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: National estimates of characteristics of maltreated infants and report of an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) and an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) 54 months later are presented. The study was based on 1,196 infants from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. Measures of neurodevelopment, language, and cognition were collected at baseline. In addition, measures of child behavior and social functioning were collected 54 months later. Caregiver mental health, substance abuse, domestic violence, home environment, and aspects of maltreatment were examined. Nearly one third were reported to have an IFSP. Descriptors of maltreatment were associated with having an IFSP. Approximately 54 months later, 20% were reported to have an IEP. IEP was not related to maltreatment but was related to being male or having a caregiver with cognitive impairment. Having a caregiver with mental illness reduced the likelihood of having an IEP. Findings highlight the need to reconsider criterion for Part C referral. (Author abstract)

Title: Putting Marriage on the Agenda: How Oklahoma Laid the Foundation for Its Marriage Initiative.
Author(s): Strong, Debra A.
Published: 2008
Available from: Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE)
http://aspe.hhs.gov/
Room 415F
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
200 Independence Av, SW
Washington, DC 20201
Document available online at: http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/06/OMI/Foundation/rb.shtml
Printable version (PDF): http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/06/OMI/Foundation/rb.pdf
Abstract: In 1999, Oklahoma began to consider how state government might play a role in strengthening families and marriages. To achieve their goals, the governor and key leaders first sought support for a statewide marriage initiative. In the first few years of the Oklahoma Marriage Initiative (OMI) various strategies were tested; some worked as anticipated and some that did not were revised or abandoned. Over time, OMI leaders developed an intervention strategy of offering marriage education, identified a stable source of funding, and established a public-private management structure. While relying on existing infrastructure and volunteers, OMI staff also began developing a service delivery system to make marriage education accessible to all Oklahomans. This brief describes how Oklahoma developed public support, designed an intervention strategy, and secured funding, set up a management structure, and formulated goals and objectives for its marriage initiative. (Author abstract)

Title: Building Local Capacity for Healthy Marriage and Family Formation Final Report : National Partnership for Community Leadership (NPCL) Healthy Marriage and Family Formation Grant 90CW114.
Author(s): Johnson, Jeffrey.
Published: 2007
Available from: Child Welfare Information Gateway
http://www.childwelfare.gov
Children's Bureau/ACYF
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW
Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Abstract: This final report discusses the activities and outcomes of a federally funded Healthy Marriage and Family Formation (HMFF) project designed to build the capacity of the Florida Department of Children and Families (DCF) child welfare agencies to promote and support healthy marriage, family formation, and stronger relationship skills, through coordination and collaboration in Jacksonville and its surrounding counties, and Broward County. Relationship skills education was provided directly to eligible clients in these districts and staff training was provided to partner agencies to increase their capacity to provide healthy marriage and relationship skills education to their clients. The HMFF project used a customized version of the Practical Application of Intimate Relationship Skills (PAIRS) curriculum titled "Relationship Skills for Strong Families." Participants learned and practiced a range of skills designed to help them identify feelings and needs, avoid relationship pitfalls, communicate effectively, problem solve constructively, develop relationship competence and emotional literacy and build lasting relationships. Classes were offered at various locations, typically as a series of 7-10 sessions, conducted over a 6-week period. During the 3-year grant period, 561 referrals were made to the project. Of these, 337 individuals participated in the training and 160 completed the program. In addition, 239 community-based care provider staff completed the 2-day training, 21 community-based carte providers, completed a 6-week PAIRS certification process and 359 completed PAIRS JumpStart classes. Results indicate individuals and couples had moderate, but significant changes in their perceptions of their relationship, how they community and solve conflict, and the quality of expressions of caring about their partners. There were also slight increases in the sharing of household responsibilities, and couple satisfaction with their relationship improved slightly. Barriers to implementation of the project and lessons learned are discussed. 9 charts and 25 tables. Document scanned.

Title: Adult Services Plan: Serving 18-25 Year-Olds: Best Practices.
Published: 2007
Available from: California Health and Human Services Agency (CHHS)
http://www.chhs.ca.gov/
1600 Ninth Street, Room 460
Sacramento, CA 95814
Printable version (PDF): http://www.chhs.ca.gov/initiatives/CAChildWelfareCouncil/Documents/AdultServicesPlan.pdf
Abstract: This document represents the work of the Chief Probation Officers of California, Adult Services Committee and is part of an extensive action plan developed by the Committee. While there has been a great deal of focus on juvenile offenders in recent years that has resulted in expanded service delivery and improved outcomes with youth on probation across the state, more attention is warranted to address the very real needs of 18-25 year old offenders who lack the maturity and life experience of other, older probationers. Additionally, young adult offenders face many of the same barriers as their juvenile counterparts and yet often do not have the same level of support in their efforts to complete their grant of probation successfully. This briefing paper offers a strategic approach based on evidence-based practices. (Author abstract)

Title: Projects to Develop Programs to Strengthen Marriages Final Evaluation Report.
Published: 2007
Available from: Children's Bureau
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/
Administration on Children, Youth and Families
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW, Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Abstract: This final report discusses the activities and outcomes of a 3-year federally funded project designed to strengthen marriages of adoptive couples. The Project to Develop Programs to Strengthen Marriages provided the Oklahoma Department of Human Services (OKDHS) with an opportunity to strengthen post-adoption services and supports and incorporate a strong marriage education component. The funding allowed OKDHS to build upon current collaborations developed through their national program model, the Oklahoma Marriage Initiative (OMI). These collaborations offered marriage education services to OKDHS adoptive couples in a variety of doses and settings in order to strengthen marriage relationships and successfully promote the safety, permanency, and welll-being of adopted children. Specifically, the project funded retreats to provide an intensive dose of marriage education adapted for adoptive couples and administered in a couple-friendly setting; local community-based workshops with adoption-specific components delivered by specifically trained personnel; and community-based workshops available to the general public with no special emphasis on the needs of adoptive couples. Through the course of the project, it was determined that of the three service delivery approaches, the on-site retreats were most effective and preferred by adoptive couples. Couples who attended the retreats (n=339) reported the retreats helped them to identify strengths in their marriages that they had neglected or failed to recognize. Post retreat evaluations were very high for PREP Training and one-on-on couple feedback on ENRICH Results. The report includes background information on the need for marriage education services, participant characteristics, program model, and program evaluation. Numerous tables.

Title: Policy, Practice, Partnerships: AAICAMA 2007 Annual Meeting, May 6-9 2007, Washington, DC.
Published: 2007
Available from: Association of Administrators of the Intersate Compact on Adoption and Medical Asssistance, Inc.
810 First St. NE, Suite 500
Washington, DC 20002-4267
Abstract: Conference materials are provided for the 2007 annual conference of the Association of Administrators of the Interstate Compact on Adoption and Medical Assistance (AAICAMA) held in Washington, D.C. The conference focused on policy practice partnerships and featured presentations on: building working relationships with the State child welfare director; reciprocity for providing Medicaid to State-funded children moving across State lines; building working relationships with State Medicaid department; social workers and liability; research strategies for findings answers to medical assistance questions; technical assistance findings and their implementation in the States; Medicaid provisions and strategies for ensuring medical assistance is provided to children placed across State lines; the implementation of Medicaid in California and strategies used to provide medical assistance to children placed across State lines; the Deficit Reduction Act of 2006 and its impact on the Interstate Compact on Adoption and Medical Assistance; the key role of the compact administrator; the needs of AAICAMA members; the Child Welfare Information Gateway website; strategies for building a working relationships with a State's child serving partners; addressing interstate data and technology issues; and subsidized guardianship waivers.

Title: Stronger Marriage and Stronger Families Program: Final Project Report.
Published: 2007
Available from: Child Welfare Information Gateway
http://www.childwelfare.gov
Children's Bureau/ACYF
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW
Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Abstract: This final report discusses the activities and outcomes of a federally funded 3-year grant designed to strengthen marriages and promote safe and stable families within child welfare organizations. The Stronger Marriages and Stronger Families (SMSF) project provided direct service to couples in Central Florida through pre-marital counseling, brief couples counseling, and couple enrichment weekend workshops. The project provided education and information to the community at large through agency training, annual conferences, presentations at national conferences, and publications on best practices for strengthening couple and marital relationships. A total of 569 individuals received direct services during the 3-year project with 181 individuals served in the 16-hour weekend couple enrichment workshops, 63 couples in premarital counseling, 113 couples in brief couples counseling, and 18 couples receiving other services. The report provides background information on the need to strengthen families and describes the program model, program evaluation, participant characteristics, and findings from the evaluation. Findings indicate that the workshops, pre-marital, and brief couples counseling were effective in improving the relationships of the participants. Recommendations for future policies, programs, and evaluations are also discussed. Data collection instruments are attached. Document scanned.

Title: Nebraska Healthy Marriage Intiative: Final Evaluation Report.
Published: 2007
Available from: Child Welfare Information Gateway
http://www.childwelfare.gov
Children's Bureau/ACYF
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW
Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Abstract: This final report describes the activities and outcomes of a 3-year federally funded project designed to strengthen marriages in disadvantaged families in Omaha, Nebraska. The Nebraska Healthy Marriages Initiative provided culturally appropriate and specific marriage preparation training and support services to high risk families living in the Omaha Enterprise Community (OEC) in order to secure a more safe and stable environment for target area children. The report provides an overview of the community and the need for marriage strengthening services, and information on the program model, program evaluation, project implementation, and immediate, intermediate, and long-term outcomes. Evaluation results indicate that a 2 ½ year media campaign to recruit participants did not get its message across to a significant number of residents in the OEC, and that 46% participants were referred to the program by their church or pastor. In all, 234 couples registered and began the marital education program by participating in the first session which consisted of taking an inventory. Twenty-seven couples finished all parts of the program. Results indicate a small positive directional trend in knowledge about the benefits of healthy marriage overall, the benefits for children, and the benefits for adults for community residents. It is also reported that participants in the Spanish marital education program session improved more than their English speaking session counterparts. Finally, although the program was highly rated by participants, more Spanish speaking session participants rated the program as helpful than their English session counterparts. Implications of the results and recommendations for future programs are discussed. 34 figures and 30 tables. Document scanned.

Title: Early Intervention for Infants and Toddlers With Disabilities and Their Families: Participants, Services, and Outcomes: Final Report of the National Early Intervention Longitudinal Study (NEILS).
Author(s): Hebbeler, Kathleen.;Spiker, Donna.;Bailey, Don.;Scarborough, Anita.;Mallik, Sangeeta.;Simeonsson, Rune.
Published: 2007
Available from: SRI International
http://www.sri.com
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Printable version (PDF): http://www.sri.com/neils/pdfs/NEILS_Report_02_07_Final2.pdf
Abstract: For more than 20 years, federal law has recognized the importance of providing early intervention (EI) services to infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families. State systems to serve this population have been established and refined since the federal grant program and its accompanying requirements governing EI were created in 1986. Every state provides EI services, although the states differ in regard to a number of dimensions, including the lead agency that administers the program, the constellation and organization of local programs that provide services, and how services are funded. This National Early Intervention Longitudinal Study (NEILS) report presents the key findings from a national longitudinal study that followed children who were identified when younger than 3 years of age as meeting their state's eligibility criteria for EI and whose families were subsequently provided with those services. NEILS is the first and only national look at important policy issues such as which children and families are being served in EI programs, what services they receive, and what outcomes they experience. This report summarizes some of the key findings from this 10-year study and notes their implications for policy, practice, and additional research. (Author abstract)

Title: Immigrant and Homeless: Information for Local Liaisons.
Published: 2006
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/briefs/imm_lia.pdf
Abstract: Intended for local liaisons tasked with implementing the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, this brief reviews the challenges faced by immigrant and refugee children and youth and the role of school as a stabilizer in the lives of immigrant youth. Educational barriers that are faced by immigrant students are identified, as well as strategies for addressing such barriers. Information is provided on the homelessness of immigrant youth and questions are given for determining eligibility for McKinney-Vento services. Steps local liaisons can take to coordinate school district and community services for immigrant youth are also discussed. 25 references.

Title: School as a Safety Net: Connecting Displaced Children With Educational and Support Services: A Handbook for Relief Agency Staff and Volunteers.
Published: 2006
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/dis_hb/school_safety_net.pdf
Abstract: Intended for relief agency staff and volunteers, this federally funded handbook emphasizes the role of school and education in the healing of children and youth whose lives have been disrupted by disasters and explains requirements for educational services under the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act. It begins by describing how schools complement relief efforts, defining homelessness, and reviewing the basic requirements for immediate school enrollment of homeless children and youth under the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act. Information is then provided on: the role of the local liaison, the enrollment process, immunizations, transportation to the school of origin, enrollment of unaccompanied youth, enrollment in public preschool programs, and special education services. Strategies relief agency workers can use to collaborate with schools are shared and a support services checklist is provided.

Title: Evaluation of Relationship Enhancement Program : A Project to Develop Programs to Strengthen Marriages Within Orange County, California.
Author(s): Petrucci, Carrie J.
Published: 2006
Available from: Child Welfare Information Gateway
http://www.childwelfare.gov
Children's Bureau/ACYF
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW
Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Abstract: This final report discusses the activities and outcomes of a federally funded 3-year program designed to provide the Relationship Enhancement Program (RE), a marriage skills education program, to a child welfare population in Orange County, California. The RE Program was administered as a 17-hour, five or eight session course, in both English and Spanish. Couples were taught 10 RE Skills addressing: empathy, expression, discussion/negotiation, problem/conflict resolution, facilitation, conflict management, self-change, helping others change, generalization, and maintenance. In each session, couples were introduced to the main points of the skill, provided with examples, and then given opportunities to practice the skill. A total of 589 individual participants, or 265 couples participated in the RE program. The report provides background information on the need to strengthen marriages and describes the program model, program evaluation, participant characteristics, and findings from the evaluation. A pre/post-test of 311 participants indicates potentially significant gains were made in communication, marital satisfaction and adjustment, and family problem-solving skills. Significant gains were not evidenced for conflict resolution, although improvement was noted for more than half of participants from pre- to post-test. Implications of the results and recommendations for administrators of future projects, project funders, and those considering marriage education in child welfare agencies are also discussed. 4 figures and 38 tables. Document scanned.

Title: Orphaning the Children of Welfare: "Crack Babies," Race, and Adoption Reform. (Chapter 9 in Outsiders Within: Writing on Transracial Adoption.)
Author(s): Briggs, Laura.
Published: 2006
Available from: South End Press
http://www.southendpress.org/
7 Brookline Street #1
Cambridge, MA 02139-4146
Abstract: This chapter explores the deep-rooted societal belief that impoverished families are toxic to their children that has resulted in the removal of children from impoverished families. It discusses the impact of the concept of a culture of poverty, the mythical crack baby, and welfare reform and adoption reform on the rise of impoverished children in foster care. 46 references.

Title: Housing Agency and School District Collaborations to Serve Homeless and Highly Mobile Students.
Published: 2006
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/briefs/housing_collab.pdf
Abstract: This brief explores the challenges of providing housing and educational services to homeless children and emphasizes the need for collaboration between public housing authorities and school districts. It reviews the rights of homeless children under The Education for Homeless Children and Youth (EHCY) Program of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, a program that directs states to ensure that children and youth in homeless situations receive a free, appropriate public education. Examples are then provided of successful collaborations in Minnesota, Texas, and Colorado. 9 references.

Title: Immigrant and Homeless: Information for School District Title III Programs and Community Agencies.
Published: 2006
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/briefs/imm_gen.pdf
Abstract: This brief discusses the challenges faced by immigrant children and their possible eligibility for services under the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act. Services under the Act are designed to reduce academic barriers and have a positive impact on the educational outcomes of eligible students by allowing eligible students to remain in the same school, and by requiring each district to appoint a local homeless education liaison to examine each child or youth's situation to determine eligibility for services. The strong collaborative relationships between Title III programs and community agencies that enable liaisons to secure the most appropriate services for immigrant children and families are noted, and strategies for collaborating with the liaison to ensure services to eligible students are reviewed. 3 references.

Title: From the School Office to the Classroom: Strategies for Enrolling and Supporting Students Experiencing Homelessness: A Handbook for Local Liaisons, Enrollment Staff, and District Administrators.
Published: 2006
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/dis_hb/enrollment.pdf
Abstract: This federally funded handbook provides local liaisons, enrollment staff, and district administrators with strategies for enrolling homeless students and welcoming them into the school community. It begins by defining homelessness and reviewing the basic requirements for immediate school enrollment of homeless children and youth under the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act. Information is provided on: the school the children should be enrolled in, simplifying the enrollment process, immunizations, enrollment of unaccompanied youth, specific considerations and strategies for enrolling a large numbers of displaced youth, strategies for keeping data on homeless youth, strategies for deciding on classes and services without school records, placing youth in enrichment and other supplemental services, collaborating with other agencies to assist unaccompanied youth, services for youth who are enrolling mid-semester, expediting special education services, strategies for supporting the mental health of students and parents, and strategies for helping teachers make students feel comfortable and involved. Checklists are provided.

Title: Fatherhood Initiatives: Connecting Fathers to Their Children.
Author(s): Solomon-Fears, Carmen.
Published: 2005
Available from: PolicyArchive (Center for Governmental Studies)
https://www.policyarchive.org/
10951 W. Pico Blvd. Suite 120
Los Angeles, CA 90064-2184
Printable version (PDF): https://www.policyarchive.org/bitstream/handle/10207/1240/RL31025_20050217.pdf?sequence=1
Abstract: The federal government's support of fatherhood initiatives raises a wide array of issues. This report briefly examines the role of the Child Support Enforcement (CSE) agency in fatherhood programs, discusses initiatives to promote and support father-child interaction outside the framework of the father-mother relationship, and summarizes the debate over whether fatherhood programs should include the promotion of marriage. (Author abstract)

Title: Domestic Violence, Homelessness, and Children's Education.
Published: 2005
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/briefs/domestic.pdf
Abstract: This brief explains the link between domestic violence and homelessness, the challenges faced by children and youth who flee violent homes, and the barriers they face in accessing educational services. Key provisions of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act and the Federal Education Rights and Privacy Act that ensure educational rights and protections for children and youth experiencing homelessness are reviewed, and best practices for addressing barriers to the enrollment of youth fleeing domestic violence are discussed. Practices and policies for schools and for service providers are recommended. Excerpts from the law are also included. 11 references.

Title: Young Children in Foster Care: Multiple Vulnerabilities and Complex Service Needs.
Author(s): Vig, Susan.;Chinitz, Susan.;Shulman, Lisa.
Published: 2005
Journal Name: Infants & Young Children
v. 18, 2, April/June 2005, p. 147-160
Available from: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
http://www.lww.com/
16522 Hunters Green Parkway
Hagerstown, MD 21740
Abstract: Young children who have been removed from their biological families and placed in foster care are at significant risk for poor developmental outcomes. Their vulnerability is often the result of adverse biological and psychosocial influences: prenatal exposure to alcohol and other drugs, premature birth, abuse and neglect leading to foster placement, and failure to form adequate attachments to their primary caregivers. Children younger than 6 years form the largest group entering foster care, and remain longest in care. Meeting the complex needs of this vulnerable group of young children and their families presents extensive challenges for early intervention service systems. The purpose of the following discussion is to describe the foster care population and the kinds of medical conditions, mental health problems, and developmental disabilities experienced by young children in foster care, and to explore implications for intervention. By increasing their understanding of risk factors, vulnerabilities, and complex service needs, early childhood professionals can become effective advocates and provide services that ameliorate risk and optimize outcomes for these children and their families. (Author abstract)

Title: Crossover Services Between Child Welfare and Welfare-to-Work Programs. (Chapter 23 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Prince, Jonathan.;Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This case study examines a pilot project in the Contra Costa County Department of Employment and Human Services that addresses the crossover needs of child welfare and welfare-to-work service participants. The study includes a case vignette, a review of relevant literature, the process of crossover service planning, delivery, and funding, and lessons learned in the process. 1 box, 1 figure, and 7 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.
Author(s): Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This book describes promising programs and practices that have emerged in the United States since the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. Chapter 1 captures the early experiences of San Francisco Bay Area county social service directors as they launched the welfare reform implementation process. It features the lessons learned and provides insights into the leadership challenges. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the highlighted case studies as well as a cross-case comparison. The comparison demonstrates how welfare reform policy and funding helped to increase the social capital needed to provide a new safety net for the poor. It also reflects a decrease in the traditional emphasis on job training or human capital development in favor of work first. Chapters 3 through 23 provide detailed descriptions of case studies that feature services, partnerships, and agency restructuring. The topics for the cases were identified by the agency directors as reflecting the most promising programs and practices emerging out of welfare reform implementation in the San Francisco Bay Area. The cases are separated into the following three sections: redefining service delivery, including the removal of barriers to workforce participation and the nature of self-sufficiency support services; enhancing community partnerships, including two approaches to partnerships between and among community-based nonprofit organizations and county social service agencies; and promoting agency restructuring, including approaches to the restructuring of county social service agencies to better serve the community and the TANF population. Each case study includes a literature review and a description of program components, the success and challenges of the program, program evaluation findings, and lessons learned. The final chapter features a discussion of the expanded set of managerial skills displayed by those in the leadership roles in many of the cases. Numerous references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Wraparound Services for Homeless TANF Families Recovering From Substance Abuse. (Chapter 16 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Downes, Debbie.;Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: A case study is offered that highlights Pueblo Del Mar (PDM), a transitional housing program located near Monterey, California, that offers wraparound services to homeless families recovering from substance abuse. The social model approach to substance abuse recovery is explained, as well as the development of the program and the program's operations, successes, challenges, and lessons learned. 10 references.

Title: Collaborative Partnerships Between a Human Services Agency and Local Community Colleges. (Chapter 18 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Deichert, Kirsten A.;Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: A case study is offered that highlights the development of the human services education curriculum through collaborative partnerships between the human service agency and the community colleges in San Mateo County, California. The curriculum program is designed to train human services personnel to provide services for individuals and families in need of temporary social, health, and economic assistance. It reviews the goals and underlying values of the curriculum, the value of the collaboration, successes, challenges, and lessons learned. 1 table and 4 references.

Title: Connections Shuttle: Transportation for CalWORKS Participants. (Chapter 3 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Downes, Debbie.;Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: The Santa Cruz County Connections Shuttle is highlighted as a way to transport California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids Program (CalWORKS) welfare-to-work participants to jobs that are far from their homes. The development of the program is described, as well as the program's operations, successes, challenges, and lessons learned. 1 box and 3 references.

Title: Barriers to Marriage Among Fragile Families.
Published: 2003
Available from: Center for Research on Child Wellbeing
http://crcw.princeton.edu
Wallace Hall
Princeton University
Princeton, NJ 08544
Printable version (PDF): http://www.fragilefamilies.princeton.edu/briefs/ResearchBrief16.pdf
Abstract: This brief uses data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine the characteristics of unmarried couples and, more specifically, to determine what proportion of unmarried parents are likely to benefit from (or be harmed by) marriage promotion programs.(Author abstract modified)

Title: Screening for Intimate Partner Violence when Children are Present: The Victim's Perspective.
Author(s): Zink, Therese M.;Jacobson, Jeff.
Published: 2003
Journal Name: Journal of Interpersonal Violence
v. 18, 8, August 2003, p. 872-890
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Document available online at: http://jiv.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/18/8/872
Abstract: Although intimate partner violence (IPV) is routinely encountered in health care, it often goes undetected. Medical organizations recommend routine screening of women alone without children or partner. Separating a mother from her children may not be feasible in busy practices. Therefore, screening may not occur. Little research has examined women's desires about IPV screening in front of their children. This study interviewed 32 mothers/survivors who were in either an IPV shelter or support group regarding their wishes about IPV screening and discussions in front of their children. Interviews were audio taped, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. Major themes included mothers' comfort with the use of general IPV screening questions in front of children ages 3 to 12 years. In summary, most mothers/ survivors were comfortable with physicians using general questions to screen for IPV but preferred in-depth discussions about the abuse and resource sharing in private. (Author abstract)

Title: The Effects of Welfare and Child Support Policies on Union Formation.
Published: 2003
Available from: Center for Research on Child Wellbeing
http://crcw.princeton.edu
Wallace Hall
Princeton University
Princeton, NJ 08544
Printable version (PDF): http://www.fragilefamilies.princeton.edu/briefs/ResearchBrief20.pdf
Abstract: This brief uses new data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine how welfare and child support policies, as well as labor market conditions, affect family formation among unwed couples in urban areas who gave birth in the late 1990s. Baseline data from interviews at the child's birth and data from one-year follow-up interviews with 3,286 couples was used. Thus, union formation decisions subsequent to a nonmarital birth was explored: some parents may choose to marry, while other parents may remain unmarried and live together, remain romantically involved but live apart, or end their relationship. This research adds to the previous literature in this area by analyzing a representative sample of unwed births and by examining union types-especially cohabitation and so-called "visiting" relationships (romantically involved but living apart)-that have received little or no attention in past studies. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Using Medicaid to Support Young Children's Healthy Mental Development.
Author(s): Johnson, Kay.;Kaye, Neva.
Published: 2003
Available from: National Academy for State Health Policy
http://www.nashp.org/
50 Monument Square, Suite 502


Portland, ME 04101
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nashp.org/Files/CW8_Health_Mental_development.pdf
Abstract: This report examines both why and how state Medicaid programs can support children's healthy mental development and includes a discussion of how states can use Medicaid to better support young children's social/emotional development even in the current economic climate. It includes specific strategies Medicaid agencies can use (and have used) to support young children's healthy mental development. (Author abstract)

Title: Biologic Findings of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Child Maltreatment.
Author(s): De Bellis, Michael D.;Thomas, Lisa A.
Published: 2003
Journal Name: Current Psychiatry Reports
v. 5, p. 108-117
Available from: Current Medicine Group LLC
http://www.current-medicine.com/
400 Market Street, Suite 700

Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Child maltreatment is a serious problem in US society, affecting approximately three million children. Children and adolescents exposed to child abuse and neglect experience high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, they are at risk for comorbid mental illness. Biologic stress systems affected in trauma and in PTSD are complex. Findings in cognitive testing, neuroimaging, and affected pathways shed light on the consequences of child maltreatment. What is known about treatment and outcomes for children with history of maltreatment and maltreatment-related PTSD indicates the need for prevention, intervention, and treatment of children exposed to abuse and neglect. The following is a brief review of the most recent neurobiologic findings in child maltreatment and related PTSD. (Author abstract)

Title: Congregate Care for Infants and Toddlers: Shedding New Light on an Old Question.
Author(s): Harden, Brenda Jones.
Published: 2002
Journal Name: Infant Mental Health Journal
v. 23, 5, September 2002, p. 476-495
Available from: Wiley Interscience.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: With the advent of the crack epidemic and the concurrent decrease in available foster homes for young children, the placement of infants and toddlers in residential congregate care settings has resurfaced in some of the larger urban areas of the United States. Despite the controversy surrounding this type of placement, current research on congregate care settings is almost nonexistent. The present study examines the congregate care facilities that were established in an urban area in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, as a response to the placement crisis for young children in foster care. In addition, the study compares the development of a group of children placed in these settings with a group who were placed in foster home settings. Findings suggest that congregate care facilities differ in their appropriateness for young children based on the number of children in the home and the practice philosophy of the group home. The study documented that children reared in foster family homes fared better than their group-reared counterparts on a variety of variables, including mental development and adaptive skills. In contrast, children reared in congregate care facilities were similar to foster home-reared children regarding observed and reported behavior problems. Implications of these finding for policies and practices related to congregate care placements are discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: New Parents' Attitudes Towards Fathers' Rights and Obligations.
Author(s): Norland, Christina.
Published: 2001
Available from: Center for Research on Child Wellbeing
http://crcw.princeton.edu
Wallace Hall
Princeton University
Princeton, NJ 08544
Printable version (PDF): http://www.fragilefamilies.princeton.edu/briefs/researchbrief2.pdf
Abstract: This analysis, based on data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, examines new parents attitudes towards child support enforcement and fathers' rights and obligations. Additionally, it looks at whether couples agree or disagree on these issues, and whether their disagreements are likely to lead to conflict with possible negative repercussions for their children. (Author abstract modified)

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