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Permanency - Results (103 Publications)

Title: Best Practices for One Church, One Child Model Programs.
Author(s): Taley, Jane C.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Network of Adoption Advocacy Programs
http://www.nnaapp-ococ.org
5601 Chamberlayne Rd.
Richmond, VA 23227
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nnaap-ococ.org/documents/OCOCBestPractices.pdf
Abstract: This document lists and describes the best practices and organizational structures identified as universally effective by programs across the United States operating under of the One Church, One Child concept. Consensus on these practices was reached through group discussions, personal interviews, phone surveys and written reports from OCOC program directors, board members and other program representatives. One of NNAAP's goals is to support and enhance collaborative effectiveness of new and existing adoption advocacy programs modeled after the OCOC concept of faith-based partnerships. A technique used to accomplish this end is to sponsor recurrent meetings of the network programs referred to as "Peer-to-Peer Workshops and Meetings."
The core elements of the OCOC model concept included the following: -- Collaborate with churches as they identify potential foster or adoptive parents, willing to adopt or care for at lease one child; -- Target a particular cultural group (i.e. Hispanic, African American, Indian); -- Provide training for leaders of faith institutions, parents, adoption and foster care workers,church coordinators and others; Partner with child-placing agencies on state and local levels; and -- Provide support to foster and adoptive parents before and after placements.
(Author abstract, Modified)

Title: Permanency Outcomes of Children in Kinship and NonKinship Foster Care: Minimizing the Effects of Selection Bias with Propensity Score Matching [Presentation Paper].
Author(s): Koh, Eun.
Published: 2008
Available from: Knowledge Bank at OSU
Ohio State University Libraries
1858 Neil Avenue Mall
Columbus, OH 43210-1286
Printable version (PDF): https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/1811/32041/2/20_4koh_paper.pdf
Abstract: This report discusses the findings of a study that examined comprehensive permanency outcomes of children in kinship foster homes in comparison with those in non-kinship foster care, addressing the issue of selection biases with the use of a propensity score matching method. The permanency outcomes in the study include legal permanence, length of stay, placement stability, and foster care reentry. Adoption and Foster Care Analysis Reporting Systems (AFCARS) data was used for six States: Arizona, Connecticut, Illinois, Missouri, Ohio, and Tennessee. For the analysis of legal permanence, length of stay and placement stability, children who had their initial placement at either relative or nonrelative foster homes were selected among those who entered the foster care system for the first time between October 1, 1999 and September 30, 2004. For the reentry analysis, children who have ever experienced discharge into reunification with their parents before the end of the observational period, September 30, 2005, were selected among those who entered the foster care system for the first time between October 1, 1999 and September 30, 2004. As final samples of the reentry analysis, those who have their last reported placement setting at either relative or nonrelative foster homes were selected. Findings indicate the effects of kinship placements on the outcomes of legal permanence and length of stay varied among the States studied, and that children in relative foster homes were less likely to reenter out-of-home care after their discharge than those in nonrelative foster homes in all States studied except for Illinois. Implications for social work practice are discussed. 16 figures and numerous references.

Title: The Emotional Well-Being of Young People Seeking Asylum in the UK.
Author(s): Chase, Elaine.;Knight, Abigail.;Statham, June.
Published: 2008
Available from: British Association for Adoption & Fostering (BAAF)
http://www.baaf.org.uk/
Skyline House, 200 Union Street
London SE1 0LX
Abstract: This book presents findings from an in-depth study of the perspectives and experiences of children and young people arriving unaccompanied to seek asylum in the United Kingdom. The research is based on conversations with 54 young people from 18 countries, supplemented by interviews with key professionals with expertise and knowledge of working with this group. The young participants speak about their journeys and the shock of arriving in the United Kingdom, about being in care, and about their experiences of a range of health, education, social care, immigration, and legal services. They highlight the stress of age disputes, the need for clearer guidance in areas such as immigration status and financial support, and reveal how western attitudes and language regarding mental health can seem alien to people from different cultures. Finally, they discuss the range of ways they cope and adapt to life in the United Kingdom in the face of anxieties and other emotional difficulties. Implications for policy and practice are listed at the close of each chapter. Numerous references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Services for Youth Transitioning out of Foster Care: Preliminary Report.
Published: 2008
Available from: Washington State Institute for Public Policy
http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/
110 Fifth Avenue SE, Suite 214
P.O. Box 40999
Olympia, WA 98504-0999
Printable version (PDF): http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/rptfiles/08-09-3901.pdf
Abstract: An FY 09 proviso in the supplemental budget calls for the Institute to review state programs for youth transitioning out of foster care, and identify how well current services are meeting the needs of youth aging out of foster care to independence. In this preliminary report, we describe the activities the Institute is undertaking to conduct the analysis. The final report is due to be completed by December 31, 2008. (Author abstract)

Title: The Great Back-to-School Kit: 17 Simple and Effective Ways to Bring Adoption Into the Classroom.
Published: 2008
Available from: Adoptive Families
http://www.adoptivefamilies.com
PO Box 5159
Brentwood, TN 37024
Document available online at: http://www.adoptivefamilies.com/articles.php?aid=1455
Abstract: 17 ways to bring adoption into the classroom.

Title: Questions and Answers: The No Child Left Behind Act and Students in Out-of-Home Care.
Published: 2008
Available from: Legal Center for Foster Care and Education
http://www.abanet.org/child/education/home.shtml
American Bar Association, Center on Children and the Law
740 15th Street, NW.
Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://www.abanet.org/child/education/QA_8_NCLB_FINAL.pdf
Abstract: This factsheet discusses the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) as related to foster care and education.

Title: Questions and Answers: What Child Welfare Professionals Need to Know about Awaiting Foster Care Placement and the McKinney-Vento Act.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/aba_awaitfcp.pdf
Abstract: This brief answers questions about the McKinney-Vento Act, a federal law designed to increase the school enrollment, attendance, and success of children and youth who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence. The law provides modest grants to States to provide supplemental services to eligible youth. Information is provided on eligibility for services, special protections given to children under the Act, steps for accessing services for an eligible child, information about the child that is needed to provide services, and strategies child welfare professionals can use to work collaboratively with McKinney-Vento programs to best serve children.

Title: Medical and Mental Health of Children Entering the Utah Foster Care System.
Author(s): Steele, Julie S.;Buchi, Karen F.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Pediatrics
v. 122, 3, September 2008, p. e703-e709
Available from: American Academy of Pediatrics
http://www.aap.org
141 Northwest Point Boulevard
Elk Grove, IL 60007-1098
Document available online at: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/122/3/e703
Printable version (PDF): http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/122/3/e703
Abstract: BACKGROUND. Investigators from several states have reported that children entering foster care are at risk for medical and mental health conditions. Additional information based on data from a larger statewide population of children in foster care would assist in the development of appropriate strategies of care for these children. OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to describe the prevalence of medical and mental health conditions, the number of referrals for specialty care, the use of medications and to compare the prevalence of these conditions across age groups of children entering foster care in Utah. METHODS. We conducted an analysis of a statewide database containing abstracted medical and mental health information from the initial medical and mental health assessments of all children entering foster care between January 1, 2001, and December 16, 2004. RESULTS. Of the 6177 children who entered foster care during the study period, 83% were white and 24% were Hispanic. One or more acute or chronic medical conditions were present in 54%, and 44% had ≥1 mental health condition. The most prevalent medical conditions in all of the children were overweight or obesity (35%), 30% had a referral for specialty care. The most prevalent mental health conditions were oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder (18%), reactive attachment and adjustment disorders (17%), and mood disorders (15%). The frequency of psychotropic medication use increased with age. Of the 2747 children of all ages with a diagnosed mental health condition, 35% were receiving psychotropic medications. CONCLUSIONS. This study of a statewide cohort of children entering foster care supports and strengthens previous evidence that children in foster care are more likely to have more health care needs compared with the general pediatric population. Focused strategies are needed that address prevalent conditions, the need for continuity of care, ongoing mental health services, and medication management. (Author abstract)

Title: Keep in Touch: Young People Offer Advice on Staying Connected and Living Independently.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Clearinghouse on Families and Youth
http://www.ncfy.com/
P. O. Box 13505
Silver Spring, MD 20911-3505
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ncfy.com/publications/pdf/keepintouch.pdf
Abstract: In this brochure, adolescents who have experienced homelessness or who have been in foster care discuss their experiences and offer advice to other youth on making the transition to independence. The benefits of a transitional living program are highlighted and a checklist is provided for youth transitioning to independence.

Title: Handling Allegations Against Your Resource Home.
Published: 2008
Available from: Kentucky Foster and Adoptive Parent Training Support Network
http://kentuckynetwork.org/
240 Wells Hall

Murray, KY 42071
Printable version (PDF): http://chfs.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/3C2EF5D9-4AB4-4053-922A-300AC6F41B9A/0/HandlingAllegationsFullPage030810.pdf
Abstract: Designed for Kentucky resource parents, this booklet discusses strategies foster and adoptive parents can use to keep situations from turning into allegations of child abuse and neglect. Tips to remember when faced with allegations are reviewed, and an example of an allegation case is provided. Survival strategies for foster parents facing allegations are also listed, as well as ways that the Kentucky Foster and Adoptive Parent Training Support Network can help.

Title: Transitional Youth Services: Practice Implications from a Systematic Review.
Author(s): Naccarato, Toni.;DeLorenzo, Emily.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal
v. 25, 4, August 2008, p. 287-308
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: Independent living programs have emerged as the primary intervention to address the needs of foster youth transitioning out of care. Prior reviews of independent living programs have focused on implications for research and policy, but not on direct practice. In order to create effective independent living programs, direct service workers must be provided with concrete practice guidelines for providing effective independent living services. This article summarizes 19 studies on independent living and provides evidence-based implications for each in an effort to begin to fill the gap between research, policy and practice.

Title: Out-of-Home Placements within Systems of Care [Data Trends Summary].
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Data Trends
159, September 2008,
Available from: Research and Training Center on Family Support and Children's Mental Health
http://www.rtc.pdx.edu/
PO Box 751

Portland, OR 97207-0751
Printable version (PDF): http://www.rtc.pdx.edu/pdf_counter/process_email.php?pdf=http://www.rtc.pdx.edu/PDF/dt159.pdf
Abstract: One of the basic tenets of systems of care is treating youth with mental health conditions in the least restrictive settings possible. Despite this goal, however, youth are sometimes placed in out-of-home settings. This study examined the patterns and predictors of out-of-home placements within systems of care. (Author abstract)

Title: Behavioral Parent Training in Child Welfare: Evaluations of Skills Acquisition.
Author(s): Van Camp, Carole M.;Vollmer, Timothy R.;Goh, Han-Leong.;Whitehouse, Cristina M.;Reyes, Jorge.;Montgomery, Jan L.;Borrero, John C.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Research on social work practice
v. 18, 5, September 2008, p. 377-391
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Document available online at: http://rsw.sagepub.com/content/vol18/issue5/
Abstract: Objective: Behavioral parent training has been proven effective through years of research with a variety of groups. However, little research has been conducted to systematically evaluate the extent to which behavioral parent training may improve parenting skills of foster and other caregivers of dependent children. The Behavior Analysis Services Program (BASP) has been charged with providing behavioral parent training to foster parents and other caregivers of dependent children throughout the state of Florida through a variety of services focusing primarily on a group-class-based training curriculum. This article examines the extent to which behavioral parent training was effective in increasing skills of caregivers who were trained in 2001 and 2002. Methods: Study 1 evaluated skills acquisition via a large-scale analysis of precourse and postcourse assessments, as well as observations of in-home parent-child interactions. Study 2 assessed skills acquisition via controlled analyses using repeated measures and multiple baseline designs. Results: Results showed increases in parenting skills in both studies as a function of curriculum training. Discussion: Implications of the results, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Youth Suicide and Self-Harm: What Advocates Need to Know.
Author(s): Pilnik, Lisa.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: ABA Child Law Practice
v. 27, 4, June 2008, p. 49, 54-59
Available from: ABA Center on Children and the Law
http://www.abanet.org/child
740 15th Street, NW

Washington, DC 20005
Abstract: This article reviews statistics on youth suicide, risk factors that influence the probability that a person will take her own life, and suicide red flags. Tips are provided for identifying and helping suicidal youth, reducing suicide risk factors, and increasing suicide protective factors for youth. Stories are also shared of a failed intervention and a suicide that was successfully averted.

Title: Foster Care and Adoption Self-Assessment Guide: A Useful Tool to Help You Make an Informed Decision About Fostering or Adopting a Child.
Author(s): Brozovich, Richard.
Published: 2008
Available from: Iowa KidsNet
http://www.iakids.org
Printable version (PDF): http://www.iakids.org/userfiles/File/KidsNet_Assessment_Guide.pdf
Abstract: This booklet is designed to provide information and self-assessment guides to persons considering foster parenting and/or special needs adoption. The information on the following pages will help interested persons make an informed decision on whether to become a foster and/or special needs adoptive parent. (Author abstract)

Title: The Banana Kid.
Author(s): Mason-John, Valerie.
Published: 2008
Available from: British Association for Adoption & Fostering (BAAF)
http://www.baaf.org.uk/
Skyline House, 200 Union Street
London SE1 0LX
Abstract: In this novel, a foster child of African descent recounts her experiences in and out of foster homes and back and forth to Dr. Barnardo's Village in Essex, England. She describes the impact of Aunty Claire, a fervent Christian, her laconic husband, the German Jewish Uncle Boris, and Aunty Morag, the cook, at Dr. Barnardo?s Village, as well as angel and spirit companions that help and hinder her survival in the real world. When her biological mother begins visiting her world is shattered, and she is taken to live in a London high-rise in which she is expected to become a dutiful African child. Her descent into delinquency and her ultimate survival is recounted. (Author abstract modified)

Title: The Family Business.
Author(s): Marsden, Robert.
Published: 2008
Available from: British Association for Adoption & Fostering (BAAF)
http://www.baaf.org.uk/
Skyline House, 200 Union Street
London SE1 0LX
Abstract: This autobiographical book tells the story of the adoption of William, a little boy with cerebral palsy, by a middle-aged couple in the United Kingdom with three birth children. It describes the journey William and the other members of the family made to get to the point where they felt they were a whole family. It discusses the doubts of the parents in the early days, the confused feelings of William, and some of the frustrations and humorous adventures the family has had in the disability world. The growth of love between family members and the cementing of family bonds are highlighted. The book closes with tips and issues related to the adoption of children with disabilities. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Mother Me: An Adopted Woman's Journey to Motherhood.
Author(s): Phillips, Zara H.
Published: 2008
Available from: British Association for Adoption & Fostering (BAAF)
http://www.baaf.org.uk/
Skyline House, 200 Union Street
London SE1 0LX
Abstract: This autobiographical book discusses the experiences of an adopted daughter of well-meaning and loving parents who feels out of place and grows up feeling insecure and alone. Her sense of isolation leads to rebellion and a downward spiral to a rock and roll lifestyle fuelled by addictions to drugs, alcohol, and destructive relationships. In the book, she discusses how a move to California, marriage, and the birth of her three children helped her to reach an understanding of her past and a final sense of compassion for both her adoptive and birth families. The book closes with a list of recommended adoption-related books, websites, and organizations in the United Kingdom and the United States. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Grand Families Count in Idaho.
Author(s): Shaklee, Harriet.;Bigbee, Jeri.;Wall, Misty.
Published: 2008
Available from: Idaho KIDS COUNT
http://www.idahokidscount.org/
1607 W. Jefferson

Boise, ID 83702
Printable version (PDF): http://www.idahokidscount.org/downloads/library/downloads/primary_research/Grand%20Families%20Count%20in%20Idaho.pdf
Abstract: This policy brief explores the legal, economic, and social issues for caregivers raising their relative children in Idaho.

Title: Great Answers to Difficult Questions about Adoption: What Children Need to Know.
Author(s): Herlem, Fanny Cohen
Published: 2008
Available from: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
http://www.jkp.com
400 Market St.
Suite 400
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This guide is designed to help foster dialogue between parents and children and to facilitate frank and open discussion of adoption. It addresses common questions that adopted children ask and provides candid answers in a way that children will be able to understand. Each chapter is devoted to a particular issue, including: reasons for abandonment; reasons for being chosen; how the adoption process works; becoming a family unit and sibling issues; coping with ethnic differences; the origins of a first name; birth parents; the country of origin; conflicts between adopted children and their adoptive parents; coping with adolescence; and feelings about adopting a child in adulthood. The text closes with a checklist of key points to communicate to a child about adoption and a list of additional resources.

Title: State Investment Fact Sheets.
Published: 2008
Available from: Casey Family Programs
http://www.casey.org
1300 Dexter Avenue North, Floor 3

Seattle, WA 98109-3542
Document available online at: http://www.casey.org/Resources/Publications/StateInvestmentFactSheets.htm
Abstract: These two-page fact sheets describe Casey's investments to serve children, strengthen families, and improve child welfare systems across the country. They also provide general data about the foster care population in each state. (Author abstract)

Title: Managing Psychotropic Medication Usage in a Child Welfare System.
Author(s): Lea, Tricia.
Published: 2008
Available from: American Public Human Services Association
http://www.aphsa.org/
810 First Street, N.E., Suite 500

Washington, DC 20002
Printable version (PDF): http://www.aphsa.org/home/doc/APHSA_NAPCWATestimony0520.pdf
Abstract: This written testimony was provided to the Subcommittee on Income Security and Family Support of the Ways and Means Committee in the U.S. House of Representatives. The testimony addresses the prescription of psychotropic medication for foster children. Background information is provided on a civil rights class action lawsuit filed in May 2000 by Children's Rights, Inc., on behalf of children who had experienced difficulties within the child welfare system. According to the complaint, Tennessee was not fulfilling its obligations to children in foster care and there was inappropriate use of psychotropic medications for children in care, inadequate monitoring of psychotropic medications, and the possible use of these medications as a means of control, punishment or discipline of children, or for the convenience of staff providing care to foster children. The Brian A. Settlement Agreement that was finalized in the lawsuit in July 2001 is explained, as well as reform efforts in the following areas: evaluation of current policies and practices, policy and practice development, tracking data trends, and updating monitoring guidelines and protocols. The testimony concludes that the Tennessee Department of Children's Services has made significant progress regarding psychotropic medication practices for children in custody, and that the department is working diligently to ensure that psychotropic medication is not used inappropriately or as a means of control, punishment, and discipline of children or for the convenience of staff. 1 chart.

Title: My Sister's Keeper: A Book For Women Returning Home From Prison or Jail.
Published: 2008
Available from: Correctional Association of New York
http://www.correctionalassociation.org/
135 East 15th Street
New York, NY 10003
Printable version (PDF): http://correctionalassociation.org/publications/download/wipp/MySistersKeeper_Re-EntryGuide.pdf
Abstract: Designed to assist women recently released from correctional facilities, this book shares the experiences and advice of women who have been incarcerated. It addresses: feelings about coming home; getting the basics, including finding a place to stay, employment, transportation, health care, treatment for HIV/AIDS, and treatment for substance abuse; coping with parole and communicating with parole officers; reconnecting with family and friends; and engaging in meaningful relationships your children, including strategies for reunification, dealing with guilt, establishing trust, knowing your parental rights, and being a positive role model. Additional sections discuss finding affirmation and support if you are a lesbian or transgendered, building self-esteem and confidence, coping with negative feelings, and gaining and using knowledge to help yourself. A list of reentry resources is included.

Title: Raising the Cut-Off: The Empirical Case for Extending Adoption and Guardianship Subsidies from Age 18 to 21.
Author(s): Hansen, Mary Eschelbach.;Gupta-Kagan, Josh.
Published: 2008
Available from: Berkeley Electronic Press
http://www.bepress.com/
2809 Telegraph Avenue, Suite 202
Berkeley, CA 94705
Document available online at: http://works.bepress.com/context/mary_hansen/article/1000/type/native/viewcontent
Abstract: Adolescents increasingly rely financially on their parents or caretakers past age 18. Such reliance is likely to be greater among children who have been abused or neglected by their birth families, and who, by court finding, could not reunify with their parents. H.R. 6307, currently before Congress, would extend reimbursements to states for foster care maintenance payments until a youth turns 21. H.R. 6307 would also provide federal support for guardianship subsidies, but only until age 18. Currently, federal funds support all adoption subsidies through age 18. The federal law permits states to extend federally-funded subsidies to age 21 only if "the State determines that the child has a mental or physical handicap which warrants the continuation of assistance." Many states have long-standing policies permitting extensions, six states have recently begun allowing extensions; 11 states do not allow extensions. Differences in cutoff ages for federal funding of subsidies may disincentivize permanency. First, caseworkers might not vigorously pursue permanency for all children if federal support for foster care payments is universally available through 21 while support for other permanency payments may not be. Second, potential adoptive parents or legal guardians may compare the subsidies available if they seek legal permanency with the subsidies available if they serve as foster parents until the child turns 21. If they can receive financial support until the child turns 21 in the latter situation but cannot in the former, then there is a financial incentive for caregivers to not seek legal permanency. To discover whether differences in cutoff ages for federal support is likely to disincentivize permanency, we compare the number adoptions from foster care in the states that extend adoption subsides to age 21 to the number of adoptions in states that choose not to extend the subsidies. States that extend subsidies create more adoptions for foster children than states that do not. If policymakers seek to reduce the number of children waiting in foster care for adoptive parents and permanent legal guardians, they should work to provide universal permanency subsidies for former foster children until those children turn 21. (Author abstract)

Title: Foster Youth Demonstration Project: Final Evaluation Report.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability for Youth (NCWD/Youth)
http://www.ncwd-youth.info
c/o Institute for Educational Leadership
4455 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 310
Washington, DC 20008
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ncwd-youth.info/assets/background/casey_foster_care_full_report_july_2008.pdf
Abstract: According to a 2008 AFCARS report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, over 26,000 youth age out of the foster care system each year. Research shows that youth who leave foster care are more likely to drop out of high school, to be unemployed, and to be dependent on public assistance when compared to other youth. The Employment and Training Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor funded this evaluation by Casey Family Programs, the Institute for Educational Leadership, and a series of experts in the field to evaluate a series of demonstration projects funded around foster care transition. This report pulls together the strategies utilized by those projects (Pasadena, South Central Los Angeles, Chicago, Detroit, New York City, and Houston) to improve transitions outcomes for foster care youth. (Author abstract)

Title: From Surviving to Thriving: How Communities Can Help Vermont's Rural Homeless Youth and the Programs That Serve Them.
Author(s): Bielawski-Branch, Karen.;Goodman, Melanie.;Gramarossa, Gail.;Johnson, Hattie.;Smith, Jennifer A.;Tanner, Doug.
Published: 2008
Available from: New England Network for Child, Youth and Family Services
http://www.nenetwork.org/
156 College Street, Suite 301

Burlington, VT 05401-8423
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nenetwork.org/publications/surviving_to_thriving.pdf
Abstract: This report assesses the strengths and weaknesses of eight rural transitional living programs in the state of Vermont. It has been prepared by New England Network for Child, Youth & Family Services, under contract to the Vermont Coalition of Runaway and Homeless Youth Programs (VCRHYP), as the first step in VCRHYP's plan to improve services to this vulnerable population of young people. The assessment addresses matters of sustainability, community culture, available resources, and the vision and mission of the programs, with a particular emphasis on describing unmet service needs for transition-aged youth in Vermont and areas where the development of additional programming may be needed. The findings of this report will become the basis of strategic planning in Vermont that will aim at increasing the capacity to serve transition-aged youth, particularly those who need special services to avoid unemployment and homelessness. (Author abstract)

Title: Behavioral Parent Training in Child Welfare: Maintenance and Booster Training.
Author(s): Van Camp, Carole M.;Montgomery, Jan L.;Vollmer, Timothy R.;Kosarek, Judith A.;Happe, Shawn.;Burgos, Vanessa.;Manzolillo, Anthony.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Research on social work practice
v. 18, 5, September 2008, p. 392-400
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Document available online at: http://rsw.sagepub.com/content/vol18/issue5/
Abstract: Previous research has demonstrated the efficacy of a 30-hr behavioral parent training program at increasing skill accuracy. However, it remains unknown whether skills acquisitions are maintained on a long-term basis. Few studies have evaluated the maintenance of skills learned during behavioral parent training for foster parents. The purpose of this study is twofold: (a) to assess skill maintenance 8 to 35.5 months following the initial 30-hr training program and (b) to evaluate whether a 6-hr booster training would raise caregivers' skill performance to levels similar to those observed during posttests of the initial training. Overall results show partial maintenance of skills over time and positive effects of booster training for skills that had not been maintained. Results also show variability in individual participant and individual skill scores during various phases of the analysis, suggesting idiosyncratic differences with regard to initial training, maintenance, and booster training. (Author abstract)

Title: Race Matters in Adoption.
Author(s): Howe, Ruth-Arlene W.
Published: 2008
Available from: NELLCO Legal Scholarship Repository
http://lsr.nellco.org/
Printable version (PDF): http://lsr.nellco.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1231&context=bc/bclsfp
Abstract: In Part I of this Essay, Professor Howe shares some personal concerns that the real needs of African American children and families are not met if race is ignored. The findings and recommendations of the May 2008 Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute paper: Finding Families for African American Children: The Role of Race & Law in Adoption From Foster Care are reviewed in Part II. Next in Part III., Professor Howe discusses the current Child Welfare League of America (CWLA) Standards of Excellence for Adoption Services - the lens through which the Adoption Institute assessed the efficacy of current federal laws. Professor Howe concludes this Essay by urging members of the family law bar to endorse the Adoption Institute study recommendations and to work for their expeditious implementations. (Author abstract)

Title: Supporting the Social-Emotional Development of Infants and Toddlers in Foster Care.
Author(s): Wotherspoon, Evelyn.;Petrowski, Nicole.
Published: 2008
Available from: Centre of Excellence for Child Welfare
http://cecw-cepb.ca/
Child Welfare League of Canada
226 Argyle Avenue

Ottawa, ON K2P 1B9, ON
Printable version (PDF): http://www.cecw-cepb.ca/files/file/en/EmoNeedsFoster60E.pdf
Abstract: The social-emotional development of infants and toddlers in foster care who have been neglected, abused, or traumatized can differ from other children. This information sheet offers practical strategies to caseworkers and foster parents for supporting the social-emotional development of foster children under the age of five. (Author abstract)

Title: The Effect of Family Communication Patterns on Adopted Adolescent Adjustment.
Author(s): Rueter, Martha A.;Koerner, Ascan F.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Marriage and Family
v. 70, 3, August 2008, p. 715-727
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: Adoption and family communication both affect adolescent adjustment. We proposed that adoption status and family communication interact such that adopted adolescents in families with certain communication patterns are at greater risk for adjustment problems. We tested this hypothesis using a community-based sample of 384 adoptive and 208 nonadoptive families. Adolescents in these families were, on average, 16 years of age. The results supported our hypothesis. Adopted adolescents were at significantly greater risk for adjustment problems compared to nonadopted adolescents in families that emphasized conformity orientation without conversation orientation and in families that emphasized neither conformity nor conversation orientation. Adolescents in families emphasizing conversation orientation were at lower risk for adjustment problems, regardless of adoption status. (Author abstract)

Title: Harford County Family Recovery Court (FRC) Evaluation: Process, Outcome and Cost Report.
Author(s): Burrus, Scott W. M.;Worcel, Sonia D.;Aborn, Jennifer A.
Published: 2008
Available from: NPC Research
http://www.npcresearch.com
4380 SW Macadam Avenue, Suite 530
Portland, OR 97239-6408
Printable version (PDF): http://www.npcresearch.com/Files/Harford_County_FRC_Final_Report_0308.pdf
Abstract: This report discusses the findings of an evaluation of the Harford County Family Recovery Court (FRC), a court that serves families involved with child welfare due to substance abuse in Harford County, Maryland. This program aims to bring sobriety and quality of life to parents and increase the likelihood of reunification for families. The evaluation examined the historical and current context of the FRC (process study); the extent to which the FRC is meeting its stated goals and desired child welfare, treatment, and criminal justice outcomes (outcome study); and provided a cost analysis comparing the FRC to traditional case processing (cost study). Specifically, it compared child welfare, treatment, and criminal justice outcomes and cost savings for parents that received FRC services between April 2004 and April 2006 to comparable families that did not receive these services. Results from the evaluation indicate that: children in families served by the FRC spent 136 days in foster care as compared to 443 days for children in non-FRC served families; FRC families were twice as likely to be reunited than non-FRC families; FRC parents were almost 3 times as likely to complete treatment than non-FRC parents; of those parents who were arrested, FRC parents were arrested on average 1.5 times, whereas non-FRC parents were arrested on average 3.6 times; and of those parents who were arrested, FRC parents spent an average 26 days in jail, and non-FRC parents spent an average of 120 days in jail. Because FRC families utilized less foster care and were more likely to achieve reunification, FRC cases were less costly to the child welfare system than other cases. Moreover, as FRC parents spent less time in jail, the total cost savings per year of Harford County FRC operations was nearly $317,000, or approximately $12,000 per served family. 2 tables, 5 figures, and 4 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Licensing Standards for Residential Placement Facilities.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp
Hunter College School of Social Work
129 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10065
Printable version (PDF): http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/policy-issues/Licensing_Standards_Residential_Placement_Facilities.pdf
Abstract: This document provides links, where available, to online state regulations regarding foster home licensing requirements.

Title: Expanding Resources for Waiting Children II: Eliminating Legal and Practice Barriers to Gay and Lesbian Adoption from Foster Care.
Author(s): Howard, Jeanne.;Freundlich, Madelyn.
Published: 2008
Available from: Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute
http://www.adoptioninstitute.org/
525 Broadway, 6th floor
New York, NY 10012
Document available online at: http://www.adoptioninstitute.org/research/2008_09_expand_resources.php
Printable version (PDF): http://www.adoptioninstitute.org/publications/2008_09_Expanding_Resources_Legal.pdf
Abstract: This report builds on the Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute's 2006 Policy & Practice Perspective, Expanding Resources for Waiting Children: Is Adoption by Gays and Lesbians Part of the Answer? and, like that initial paper, focuses on meeting the needs of waiting children. It provides an overview of current law and policy, and offers recommendations for expanding the pool of qualified adoptive families for these children by removing legal and practice barriers to gay and lesbian adoption. (Author abstract)

Title: Baseline Measurement of Running Away Among Youth in Foster Care.
Author(s): Witherup, Luanne R.;Vollmer, Timothy R.;Van Camp, Carole M.;Goh, Han-Leong;Borrero, John C.;Mayfield, Kristin.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
v. 41, 2008, p. 305-318
Available from: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jaba/index.html
Printable version (PDF): http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jaba/articles/2008/jaba-41-03-0305.pdf
Abstract: The current study evaluated the use of various behavioral measures of running away with regard to (a) the differential utility of interval- versus event-based measures, (b) the differential utility of rate versus duration measures, (c) the utility of correcting for occurrence opportunity, and (d) the influence of unit of analysis (i.e., single-subject vs. grouped data). Seven different baseline measures were calculated for 84 runaways, and a unit-size analysis was conducted by constructing groups of various sizes from the original sample. An expert panel evaluated the suitability of the baseline measures for treatment evaluation. Results demonstrate the utility of evaluating duration-based measures and correcting for occurrence opportunity. Results also indicate that single-subject baselines may often be unacceptable for treatment evaluations, regardless of the type of measure selected for use. (Author abstract)

Title: Critical Issues in Foster Care: Lessons The Children's Ark Learned From Barbara and Nathan.
Author(s): Mann, Janet.;Kretchmar, Molly D.;Worsham, Nancy L.;
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Zero to Three.
v. 28, 6, July 2008, p. 41-46
Available from: Zero to Three: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families
http://www.zerotothree.org
2000 M Street, NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20036
Abstract: Using an attachment theory framework, this article explores several critical issues in foster care as reflected in the case of Barbara and her 9-month-old son, Nathan. Barbara and Nathan participated in The Children's Ark, an innovative intervention for families in foster care that allowed mothers who had lost custody of their children to live, full time, with them. Barbara's experience at the Ark powerfully illustrates the intergenerational effects of early maltreatment as well as the pain of confronting that past. Nathan's experience demonstrated the critical need for security, which, because of her past, Barbara struggled to provide. Over time, Barbara came to realize that it was in Nathan's best interests to relinquish custody so that he could be moved to a permanent placement, another critical need. Finally, this article illustrates how a carefully planned transition allowed Nathan, at age 2 years, to have some understanding of what was happening and to eventually claim his new caregiver. (Author abstract)

Title: Concurrent Planning and Beyond: Family-Centered Services for Children in Foster Care.
Author(s): Hudson, Lucy.;Almeida, Connie.;Bentley, Dawn.;Brown, Josie.;Harlin, Daria.;Norris, Judy.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Zero to Three.
v. 28, 6, July 2008, p. 47-53
Available from: Zero to Three: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families
http://www.zerotothree.org
2000 M Street, NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20036
Abstract: Family reunification is not always possible for children who have been removed from the care of their biological parents because of abuse or neglect. Concurrent planning puts into place a secondary plan for a permanent home should family reunification prove to be impossible. Working in four diverse communities around the country in an innovative program for local judicial systems and community partners, the authors illustrate the importance of ongoing parental assessment and involvement, as well as the benefit of family teams, which support families as they try to overcome problems and move toward creating safe and permanent homes. (Author abstract)

Title: Questions and Answers: Credit Transfer and School Completion.
Published: 2008
Available from: ABA Center on Children and the Law
http://www.abanet.org/child
740 15th Street, NW

Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://www.abanet.org/child/education/QA%5f2%5fCredits%5fFINAL.pdf
Abstract: This brief answers questions relating to difficulties foster youth face in obtaining credit for completed coursework when they transfer schools. Answers discuss the dropout rate of foster youth, reasons foster youth only receive partial credit or no credit for coursework when they transfer schools, and how the dropout rate relates to the difficulties in obtaining coursework credit. Information is provided on laws enacted in California and Maine designed to resolve the challenges that prevent youth in care from graduating, including difficulties in transferring credits, and recommendations for other States are discussed.

Title: Recruiting Men into Fatherhood Programs : Tips for Program Professionals.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Responsible Fatherhood Clearinghouse
http://www.fatherhood.gov
101 Lake Forest Boulevard
Suite 360
Gaithersburg, MD 20877
Abstract: Involvement in fatherhood programs has been found to be associated with increases in fathers' empathy, improvements in family relationships, and increases in fathers' involvement with their children. In addition, fatherhood programs can improve fathers' self-confidence and involvement in work, as well as encourage them to build social relationships. However, if fathers are not effectively recruited into programs, then they cannot reap these program benefits. This brief presents several strategies that can be used by program practitioners to recruit fathers into programs. (Author abstract)

Title: Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act 2008 Resources.
Published: 2008
Available from: Center for Law and Social Policy
http://www.clasp.org
1015 15th Street NW, Suite 400
Washington, DC 20005
Document available online at: http://www.clasp.org/publications/fctsaiaact2008resources.htm
Abstract: The Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act (H.R. 6893) will help hundreds of thousands of children and youth in foster care by promoting permanent families for them through relative guardianship and adoption and improving education and health care. Additionally, it will extend federal support for youth to age 21. H.R. 6893 also will offer for the first time many American Indian children important federal protections and support. H.R. 6893 has bipartisan support and is fully paid for. This bill resolves differences between the House-passed Fostering Connections to Success Act (H.R. 6307) and the Senate Finance Committee-approved Chairman's Mark of S. 3038, the Improved Adoption Incentives and Relative Guardianship Support Act. H.R. 6893 was unanimously passed by the House on suspension of the rules on September 17, 2008 and now awaits action in the Senate. The resources on this web page detail the provisions of this important legislation. (Author abstract)

Title: Inequalities in Infancy: Addressing the Overrepresentation of African American Infants in the Child Welfare System.
Author(s): Harden, Brenda Jones.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Zero to Three.
v. 28, 6, July 2008, p. 5-12
Available from: Zero to Three: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families
http://www.zerotothree.org
2000 M Street, NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20036
Abstract: African American infants have higher rates of child welfare system involvement than any other demographic group. They are overrepresented at every point on the child welfare continuum, from reporting, to substantiation, to foster care placement, to adoption. Racial disparities have also been noted in the services they receive. This article reviews the evidence on the experiences of African American children in the child welfare system, with a particular focus on infants. The author provides policy and practice recommendations to reduce racial disproportionality and to address the unique needs of African American infants. (Author abstract)

Title: 2008 Survey of Washington State Youth in Foster Care.
Author(s): Tarnai, John.;Krebill-Prather, Rose.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Center for Youth Law
http://www.youthlaw.org/
405 14th Street, 15th Floor
Oakland, CA 94612
Document available online at: http://www.youthlaw.org/fileadmin/ncyl/youthlaw/child_welfare/Youth_Survey_Data_Report_09-3-08.doc
Abstract: This is the first survey of youth in Washington's foster care system ever done for the Children's Administration. It was requested by the agency as a tool for assessing and improving services to youth in foster care. The survey focused on youth 15 to 18 years of age, who were in foster care in 2007. Particular emphasis was placed on how well foster care youth felt the system had prepared them for living on their own. A total of 11,200 calls were made to foster youth between March 17 and July 15, 2008. A total of 698 interviews were completed. The interviews averaged about 26 minutes long, and questions covered such issues as how the foster youth felt about their current foster home, their relationship with their social worker, sibling contacts, education, outlook on the future and how well the child welfare system prepared them for independent living. Results indicate: 88 percent of the youth interviewed said the system had treated them very well or somewhat well in 2007; 65 percent reported they were very positive about their current foster home; 87 percent said they knew who their social worker's name and of those, 93 percent knew how to contact their social worker; 26% of youth said that they are dissatisfied with the quality of support provided by their social worker; Only 49% of youth said that a social worker had referred them to an Independent Living or Transitional Living program; and Only 33% of youth age 17 and a half or older said that they have ever been invited to a shared planning meeting to discuss their transition from foster care. (Author abstract)

Title: Training Kin to be Foster Parents: Best Practices from the Field.
Author(s): Cawthon, Shalonda.
Published: 2008
Available from: ChildFocus
http://www.childfocuspartners.com/
821 Rowen Road
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Printable version (PDF): http://www.childfocuspartners.com/images/Training_Kinship_Caregivers_0708.pdf
Abstract: This issue brief provides an overview of efforts to adapt foster parent training to the unique needs and circumstances of kinship caregivers. The following topics are addressed: federal licensing requirements, including requirements for foster care training as a condition of licensing; limitations of traditional foster parent training for kinship caregivers; state and county efforts to develop foster parent training programs tailored specifically for kin; common themes related to kin-specific training; and questions that states and localities should consider as they develop kin-specific training. (Author abstract)

Title: Making "Relative Search" Happen: A Guide to Finding and Involving Relatives at Every Stage of the Child Welfare Process.
Published: 2007
Available from: ChildFocus
http://www.childfocuspartners.com/
821 Rowen Road
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Printable version (PDF): http://www.childfocuspartners.com/images/RelativeSearchGuide10-15.pdf
Abstract: This guide is intended to assist professionals in finding and involving relatives at every stage of the child welfare process. It highlights practical approaches to overcome existing challenges to expanding relative connections at the policy, agency, and worker levels. Section 1 discusses the principles and values that should guide a strong relative search process. Section 2 explains how a strong policy framework can be built to support effective relative search and addresses relative search standards, an expansive definition of relative, key decision making points, the court's role, safety guidelines, and documentation requirements. The following section addresses making relative searches manageable in already overburdened child welfare systems by structuring internal and external staff for relative search activities, using technology supports for internal and external staff, and making a case for redeploying funds to support relative searches. Section 4 focuses on strategies for making relative connections a staff priority, demonstrating agency commitment to relatives, and providing workers with the tools and strategies to work with extended family networks. The final section outlines Internet tools for finding relatives. Additional links, resources, and tools are provided for each section.

Title: Improving the Quality of Services to Youth in Substitute Care: A Report on Surveyed Youth in Foster Care.
Published: 2007
Available from: Texas Department of Family and Protective Services
http://www.dfps.state.tx.us/
701 W. 51st Street
Austin, TX 78751
Printable version (PDF): http://www.dfps.state.tx.us/Documents/about/pdf/2007-03-01_YouthSurvey.pdf
Abstract: Since the passage of Senate Bill 6 in the 79th Legislative session, the Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS) has undertaken several activities designed to improve the overall preparation of youth in foster care for the experience of adult living. To determine the needs of youth in foster care, DFPS has utilized a variety of avenues for gathering feedback from youth who have experienced the foster care system. In fiscal year 2006, DFPS conducted two surveys of youth in Texas foster care. The first survey, mandated by Senate Bill 6, was the first of an annual survey of randomly selected youth. The focus of the survey was to measure the views of youth in foster care on the services provided to them in preparation for adult living. The second survey is an optional youth exit survey that has been an ongoing effort to obtain feedback from youth upon discharge from care. This report discusses the methodology and results of each study, summarizes the overall results, and describes the ongoing efforts toward program improvement undertaken by Child Protective Services in response. (Author abstract)

Title: Health Matters: A Study of the Comprehensive Health Evaluation for Children (CHEC) Program.
Published: 2007
Available from: New Jersey Office of the Child Advocate
http://www.state.nj.us/childadvocate/
240 West State St. 7th Floor
P.O. Box 92
Trenton, NJ
Printable version (PDF): http://www.state.nj.us/childadvocate/publications/PDFs/OCA%20CHEC%2007.pdf
Abstract: Children who must enter foster care often have more urgent and serious healthcare needs than other children. In 2004, New Jersey implemented the Comprehensive Health Evaluation for Children (CHEC) program to provide a thorough health evaluation to all children in out-of-home placement within 30 days of entering care. That comprehensive, 3-hour evaluation serves as the foundation for a plan of care that includes needed follow-up medical, dental and mental health treatment to improve the health of children under the state's care. The Office of the Child Advocate exhaustively examined state data and the cases of 80 children who received CHEC evaluations in spring 2006. The study found the program served less than one third of eligible children under the supervision of the Division of Youth and Family Services. Most children waited at least four months to receive the evaluations --four times longer than the nationally-recognized timeframe. And, most children fortunate enough to receive an evaluation never received any or all of the required follow-up treatment. Other key findings include: (1) In 2006, DYFS had a nearly 19 percent "no-show" rate, translating to about 460 missed appointments, with workers often failing to cancel appointments in advance, thus wasting valuable clinic time that could have been used for another child; (2) Nearly 42 percent of children received all follow-up care for CHEC mental health and dental recommendations, while the remainder either did not receive the care or Child Advocate researchers were unable to determine from the records whether treatment was provided; and (3) Only half of the children were up-to-date on their immunizations at the time of the CHEC evaluation. Recommendations are provided. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Ongoing Connections: Parenting Curriculum Trainer's Guide.
Author(s): Sturgeon, Virginia.
Published: 2007
Available from: National Child Welfare Resource Center for Adoption
http://www.nrcadoption.org
16250 Northland Drive
Suite 120
Southfield, MI 48075
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nrcadoption.org/youthpermanencycluster/Adoptions%20Unlimited/Resources/FCP-ParentCurriculum-Final.pdf
Abstract: This trainer's guide presents a curriculum designed to prepare prospective adoptive parents and others interested in offering a permanent family to older youth in the foster care system. It explores the importance of permanence for the youth as well as the benefits gained when the youth maintain connections with significant people from their past after they join a family. Step by step instructions are provided for conducting six modules that address: the purpose of the training; the importance of maintaining connections with significant people in your youth; how self-identify and self-confidence is impacted by personal connections; fears and concerns that adoptive families might have about maintaining connections from the past; building partnerships with youth's connections; and establishing ongoing connections. Modules include notes for trainers and group activities.

Title: Foster Carer Contributions: A Customer Service Participation Approach to Public Policy.
Author(s): Kammermann, Kimberley.
Published: 2007
Available from: Flinders University Faculty of Social Sciences
http://www.socsci.flinders.edu.au/
GPO Box 2100
Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
Printable version (PDF): http://www.socsci.flinders.edu.au/fippm/ppnsummerconference2007/papers/Kammermann.pdf
Abstract: This paper outlines public participation in the policy cycle within a customer service context and illustrates this by examining a case study from the South Australian Department for Families and Communities. In social welfare policy making, customers are disenfranchised by circumstance and do not have the same opportunities to participate as other citizens who may have an interest in the area. This paper argues that participation of customers is important as it contributes to a level of understanding between policy makers and customers. Utilising the customer, in this case foster carers, gives those who use the services an opportunity to contribute to the direction of policy. A case study from the South Australian Department for Families and Communities is used as an example of a customer service participation approach to public participation in policy making, whereby foster carers as customers in the alternative care system have participated in the policy cycle through consultation. The paper outlines how this method has influenced department wide policy direction and has given these customers a sense of hope about future directions, and a sense of partnership with the Department. (Author abstract)

Title: Visitation with Infants and Toddlers in Foster Care.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Child Court Works
v. 9, 6, August 2007, p. [1-2]
Available from: ABA Center on Children and the Law
http://www.abanet.org/child
740 15th Street, NW

Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://www.abanet.org/child/cw/07_08aug.pdf
Abstract: This article is adapted from an in-depth Practice & Policy Brief written by Margaret Smariga of Zero to Three as part of the ABA's Improving Understanding of Maternal and Child Health (IUMCH) project, funded by the federal Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, DHHS. Citations have been omitted. The full Brief can be downloaded at http://www.abanet.org/child/baby-health.shtml.

Title: Hitting the M.A.R.C.: Establishing Foster Care Minimum Adequate Rates for Children.
Author(s): DePanfilis, Diane.;Daining, Clara.;Frick, Kevin D.;Farber, Julie.;Levinthal, Lisa.
Published: 2007
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Document available online at: http://www.cwla.org/advocacy/marc.htm
Printable version (PDF): http://www.cwla.org/advocacy/marctechreport.pdf
Abstract: This is the first-ever nationwide, state-by-state calculation of the real cost of supporting children in foster care. The report reveals widespread deficiencies in reimbursement rates across the nation -- and major disparities among the states -- and proposes a new standard rate for each state to use in fulfilling the federal requirement to provide foster parents with payments to cover the basic needs of children in foster care, including food, shelter, clothing and school supplies. (Author abstract)

Title: Team Decisionmaking [Website].
Published: 2007
Available from: Family to Family California
http://www.f2f.ca.gov/ , CA
Document available online at: http://www.f2f.ca.gov/team.htm
Abstract: This website includes information on team decisionmaking (TDM), one of the four core strategies that focus on placement issues for children involved or potentially involved in foster care in California. Information is provided on a specific model of TDM that involves not only caseworkers and their supervisors, but also birth families, community members, resource families, and service providers in all placement decisions regarding children. The website includes links that provide information on TDM core planning, including TDM values, key elements of TDM, core strategies, implementing TDM, the differences between TDM and Family Group Decision Making and Family Team Conferences, the unique characteristics of TDM, TDM protocol, preparing staff and partners to participate in TDMs, and indicators and outcomes. Additional links are provided for preparing agency directors, supervisors and managers, and case workers for TDM. Strategies for scheduling and structuring a TDM are explained, as well as using strengths based assessment in TDM. Following links address the role of community representatives at TDMs, the role of external partners, California TDM data reporting, and TDM tools. Additional resources are listed and county examples of TDM practices are provided.

Title: More Than Safe: Achieving Positive Outcomes for Foster Youth.
Published: 2007
Available from: Action for Children North Carolina
http://www.ncchild.org/action/
1300 St. Mary's Street, Suite 500
Raleigh, NC 27605-1276
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ncchild.org/action/images/stories/CPS_Outcomes_Report_final.pdf
Abstract: This report concentrates on outcomes for children who have been involved in the system. Specifically, the report focuses on children in N.C. Division of Social Services (DSS) custody by assessing stability in out-of-home placements, length of time in care and transitions when aging out of the foster care system. The report examines outcomes in these areas by age, race and ethnicity. The report also highlights promising practices being used in North Carolina to achieve the goals of safety and permanency. Finally, the report provides recommendations on other successful strategies for achieving not only safety and permanence, but positive long-term results for all children involved in child protective services. (Author abstract)

Title: You Are Not Alone!: A Handbook Published by Lawyers for Children for Youth Aging out of Foster Care in New York City.
Published: 2007
Available from: Lawyers For Children
http://www.lawyersforchildren.org/
110 Lafayette Street 8th Floor
New York, NY 10013
Printable version (PDF): http://www.lawyersforchildren.org/siteFiles/Aging_Out.pdf
Abstract: This handbook is intended to help foster youth as they transition to independent living. It discusses issues that youth may want to address while they are still in foster care and provides information about resources available to youth after they age out of foster care. Information is provided on: the agency's role in the transition to independence; finding a lawyer; permanency planning, including goals, hearings, and the service plan review; discharge from foster care; housing programs and supportive housing; education, including GED programs and vocational programs; financial aid; employment programs and referral services; allowances for independent living and clothing; and public assistance programs and emergency assistance. Information is also provided on placements with dependent children, special programs and child care, and child support and visitation. Finally, issues such as immigration status, personal documentation, driver's licenses, and abuse and violence in foster care and after foster care are addressed. Relevant telephone numbers and additional resources are noted throughout the text.

Title: Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Associated Variables Among Ontario Children Who Are Permanent Wards.
Author(s): Burge, Philip.;Gough, Pamela.
Published: 2007
Available from: Centre of Excellence for Child Welfare
http://www.cecw-cepb.ca/about_e.html
University of Toronto, Faculty of Social Work
246 Bloor Street West
Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A1
Printable version (PDF): http://www.cecw-cepb.ca/files/file/en/RIB%203E%20MentalDisorders.pdf
Abstract: International research has reported that children in care are disproportionately represented in clinical populations receiving psychiatric services and those who have mental disorders are less likely to be reunited with parents than are other foster children. Therefore the rate of mental disorders among children who are permanent wards without access (i.e., children in provincial child welfare care who do not have rights of access to their biological parents) is especially important to understand since these children can only leave care via adoption. Otherwise, they spend the remainder of their childhoods in fostering arrangements before transitioning to adulthood. This study looked at the situation in Ontario, where the permanent ward population doubled during the decade ending in 20056 while the rate of wards leaving care by adoption decreased. (Author abstract)

Title: Creative Conflict Resolution Approaches for Dependency Cases (p. 64-67 of Future Trends in State Courts 2007).
Author(s): Giovannucci, Marilou T.
Published: 2007
Available from: National Center for State Courts
http://www.ncsconline.org/
300 Newport Avenue
Williamsburg, VA 23185-4147
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ncsconline.org/WC/Publications/Trends/2007/ADRMedTrends2007.pdf
Abstract: This paper discusses the rise of alternative dispute resolution processes in child welfare practice. It describes the use of mediation in dependency courts in Los Angeles County and Orange County, California, and the Connecticut Juvenile Courts in the early and mid-1980s to provide an alternative to the traditional trial-court approach to dependency cases, and the momentum gained by alternative dispute resolution processes through the infusion of federal Court Improvement Program funding to the State courts beginning in 1994. The impact of the Adoption and Safe Families Act's requirement of a 15-month mandatory timeline for filing for the termination of parental rights on State courts and child welfare agencies is also explored, as well as the various conferencing models that have emerged to allow alternative dispute resolution. 2 charts and 6 references.

Title: Social Worker's Practice Guide to Education for Children and Youth in Foster Care.
Published: 2007
Available from: Washington State Department of Social and Health Services
http://www1.dshs.wa.gov/
DSHS Constituent Services
PO Box 45130
Olympia, WA 98504-5130
Printable version (PDF): http://www1.dshs.wa.gov/pdf/Publications/22-1185.pdf
Abstract: This guide is intended to be a resource for Children's Administration social workers to increase their collaboration with schools and to increase education stability and achievement for children and youth in out-of-home care. (Author abstract)

Title: Protecting Children, Promoting Permanent Families: Now Is the Time for Foster Care Reform.
Published: 2007
Available from: North American Council on Adoptable Children (NACAC)
http://www.nacac.org/
970 Raymond Avenue, Suite 106
St. Paul, MN 55114
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nacac.org/policy/dvdguide.pdf
Abstract: This DVD and companion booklet highlight recommendations for reforming the foster care system developed by the Pew Commission on Children in Foster Care. The recommendations focus on two key areas that underlie many of the problems in child welfare: a federal financing structure that encourages over-reliance on placement of children in foster care, and a court system that lacks sufficient capacity to move children swiftly out of foster care and into permanent families. After listing all the financing and court recommendations made by the Pew Commission, the booklet explores the following specific recommendations: promoting permanent families; expanding adoption assistance; implementing subsidized guardianship; increasing funding flexibility; providing a voice in court; enhancing court/agency collaboration; and reorganizing the courts. Stories of foster children are provided for each recommendation to illustrate the need and impact of reform. The DVD features the stories of former foster youth, foster and adoptive parents, kinship caregivers, and birth parents who shared their experiences in a series of forums held around the United States to show how the child welfare system needs to be reformed.

Title: Todo niño merece una familia permanente: la custodia subvencionada como solución práctica para los niños viviendo a largo plazo en hogares de crianza de parientes (Subsidized Guardianship as a Common Sense Solution for Children in Long-Term Relative Foster Care)
Published: 2007
Available from: Generations United
http://ipath.gu.org/
1331 H Street NW, Suite 900

Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://ipath.gu.org/documents/A0/All_Children_Latino_Spanish.pdf
Abstract: This report features new data on the number of Latino children in foster care and in relative care. The report shows that federal subsidized guardianship for relatives of children for whom reunification with their parents or adoption is not possible is a practical way to create safe, permanent and loving families for children in foster care. Subsidizing guardianship would provide legal guardians with access to supports and services comparable to that received by adoptive families.

Este documento pone en relieve nuevas estadísticas sobre los niños hispanos y latinos en el cuidado adoptivo temporal o viviendo con parientes. Las estadísticas demuestran hasta qué punto el sistema del cuidado temporal depende de los parientes. Además, manifiesta la necesidad de otra opción de cuidado permanente para aquellos niños que no tienen ni la opción de la reunificación con los padres ni la de la adopción.

Title: Neglect: The Hole In the Middle.
Published: 2007
Available from: Alaska Center for Resource Families
http://www.acrf.org/
815 Second Avenue, Suite 101
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Document available online at: http://www.acrf.org/education/neglectcourse/nabout.htm
Abstract: This course explores the effect of neglect on the child coming into foster care, the impact it has on his developing brain and body, and how foster parents can best meet the needs of the neglected child in their care. (Author abstract)

Title: Self-Reported Abuse History as a Risk Factor in Permanency Planning.
Author(s): Reich, Warren A.;Hudis, Jan.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: The Source
v. 16, 1, Summer 2007, p. 21-24
Available from: National Abandoned Infants Assistance Resource Center
http://aia.berkeley.edu
University of California, Berkeley
School of Social Welfare
1950 Addison St., Suite 104
Berkeley, CA 94704
Printable version (PDF): http://aia.berkeley.edu/media/pdf/source_reich.pdf
Abstract: In the present research, we examined the relationship between permanency planning, legal, and psychosocial counseling service engagement, and self-reported history of abuse among clients participating in Project Protect. These clients were HIV-positive and/or substance abusing mothers of minor children in New York City who came to The Family Center seeking to form a permanency plan for their children. Project Protect received federal Abandoned Infants Assistance (AIA) funding from 1998-2005 and participated in collecting data for a nationwide, cross-site evaluation of AIA funded projects. The analyses in this article were conducted based on information collected on Project Protect clients over this eight-year period. (Author abstract)

Title: Forms: Indian Child Welfare Act.
Published: 2007
Available from: North Dakota Department of Human Services
http://www.nd.gov/dhs/
600 East Boulevard Avenue, Dept. 325

Bismarck, ND 58505-0250
Document available online at: http://www.nd.gov/dhs/triballiaison/forms/
Abstract: These forms are helpful for social work professionals, tribal workers, attorneys, and others dealing with adoptions or placements involving American Indian children.

Title: Homelessness and Health Care Access After Emancipation: Results From the Midwest Evaluation of Adult Functioning of Former Foster Youth.
Author(s): Kushel, Margot B.;Yen, Irene H.;Gee, Lauren.;Courtney, Mark E.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
v. 161, 10, October 2007, p. 986-993
Available from: American Medical Association
http://www.ama-assn.org/
515 N. State Street
Chicago, IL 60610
Document available online at: http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/161/10/986
Printable version (PDF): http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/161/10/986
Abstract: Objective: To estimate the association between housing status and health care access and outcomes among young adults aging out of the child welfare system. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin. Baseline interviews were conducted between May 2002 and March 2003 and follow-up interviews, between March and December 2004. Participants: Participants were foster youth aged 17 or 18 years in Illinois, Wisconsin, or Iowa. We invited a random sample of 67% of eligible Illinois youth and all eligible youth from Wisconsin and Iowa to participate. Researchers interviewed 749 at baseline (94.7% response) and 643 at follow-up (85.8%); we excluded 8 participants without housing data (n = 635). We included only the 345 emancipated participants in analyses of health care access. Main Exposure: Housing status after emancipation: stable housing; unstable housing; or homeless. Main Outcome Measures: Multivariate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of association between main exposure variables with 3 measures of access to care and 2 health outcomes. Results: Among the 345 emancipated participants, 14.2% experienced homelessness and 39.4% were unstably housed. In multivariate analysis of emancipated participants, homelessness was associated with being uninsured (AOR, 3.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.52-7.63) and having unmet need for health care (AOR, 3.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.40-7.56); it was not associated with not having had ambulatory care. In multivariate analysis of all participants, housing status was not associated with reporting fair or poor health at follow-up or, among women, with having had a pregnancy. Conclusion: Having had an episode of homelessness after emancipation is associated with worse health access, but not worse outcomes, among youth emancipated from foster care. (Author abstract)

Title: Briefing on the Multiethnic Placement Act: Minority Children in State Foster Care and Adoption.
Author(s): Atwood, Thomas C.
Published: 2007
Available from: National Council for Adoption
http://www.adoptioncouncil.org/
225 N. Washington Street
Alexandria, VA 22314-2561
Printable version (PDF): http://www.adoptioncouncil.org/documents/MEPAtestimony.pdf
Abstract: On September 21, 2007, NCFA president Tom Atwood testified at a briefing on the Multiethnic Placement Act (MEPA) before the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. The commission called the briefing to explore the issue of minority children in foster care, and to examine the effectiveness of the Multiethnic Placement Act in facilitating permanency for minority children in state care. In his testimony, Atwood explained both the benefits and challenges of transracial adoption, and outlined the ways in which MEPA serves the best interests of children in need of families by preventing the delay or denial of adoptive placements based on the race of the child or prospective parents. Atwood also acknowledged some of the flaws in the interpretation of MEPA, as well as its limitations. (Author abstract)

Title: Fact Sheet on Foster Parent Liability Insurance.
Published: 2007
Available from: Wisconsin Office of the Commissioner of Insurance
http://oci.wi.gov/
125 South Webster Street
Madison, WI 53703-3474
Document available online at: http://oci.wi.gov/pub_list/pi-048.htm
Abstract: The Office of the Commissioner of Insurance (OCI) has prepared this fact sheet to answer questions which have been raised concerning liability insurance coverage for foster children.

Title: Mental Health Assessment of Infants in Foster Care.
Author(s): Silver, Judith.;Dicker, Sheryl.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Child Welfare
v. 86, 5, September/October 2007, p. 35-55
Available from: National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp
Hunter College School of Social Work
129 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10065
Printable version (PDF): http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/teleconferences/Mental_Health_Assessment_Infants.pdf
Abstract: Infants placed in foster care are at high risk for emotional and behavioral problems. Assessment of their mental health must account for their often-adverse life experiences prior to placement and the involvement of multiple systems that shape their lives in lieu of parents' authority. This article presents practice guidelines for infant mental health evaluations with consideration of legal requirements and the unique issues conferred by foster care. (Author abstract)

Title: When Children Need a Home in a Hurry: What's the Best Approach to Emergency Care for Abused and Neglected Children?
Author(s): Michael, Jennifer.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Children's Voice
v. 15, 2, March/April 2006, 6 html pages
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Document available online at: http://www.cwla.org/voice/0603emergencycare.htm
Abstract: Examples are provided of emergency out-of-home care for children who are abused or neglected, and the shift away from emergency group shelter care to emergency family foster care placement is noted. Practices in child welfare agencies in Louisville, Kentucky, in Contra Costa, California, and Lucas County, Ohio, are described to illustrate differing viewpoints on how best to help children during the critical period immediately after they've been removed from their home. The need for more research to assess the advantages and disadvantages of emergency shelter care versus family-based emergency care is emphasized.

Title: The Internet For Parents: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.
Author(s): Keech, Tamara L.
Published: 2006
Available from: Alaska Center for Resource Families
http://www.acrf.org/
815 Second Avenue, Suite 101
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Printable version (PDF): http://www.acrf.org/education/Feature/InternetCourse.pdf
Abstract: This self-study for foster parents looks at: What is the Internet? What is chat and chat rooms? Preventing your child from being a victim, and Protecting your family online. (Author abstract)

Title: Finding Forever Families [Video].
Published: 2006
Abstract: This 35-minute DVD highlights the thousands of children that are legally freed for adoption in the United States and Canada. It dispels the myth that any child is unadoptable because of their age, race, physical, or emotional disability or their desire to be placed with siblings. The DVD provides best practices on how to recruit families for children based on the child's desires and needs.

Title: The Racial Geography of the Child Welfare System : Community Impact and Response. Final Conference Report.
Author(s): Roberts, Dorothy.;Hill, Leah.;Pitchal, Erik.
Published: 2006
Available from: Fordham University Interdisciplinary Center for Family and Child Advocacy
http://law.fordham.edu/interdisciplinary.htm
33 W. 60th Street, 3rd Floor
New York, NY 10023
Printable version (PDF): http://law.fordham.edu/documents/int-2RacialGeography.pdf
Abstract: This report summarizes the proceedings and presentations made at the Racial Geography of the Child Welfare System: Community Impact and Response conference held in the spring of 2006. The conference explored the disproportionality of minority children and families involved in the child welfare system and the impact on communities of a concentration of child welfare involvement. The morning session consisted of two plenary panels, followed by a keynote speech delivered by Professor Gerald Lopez. In the afternoon, participants met in small working groups led by a facilitator. This report provides an edited transcript of the conference proceedings and describes potential research projects, legal strategies, and community initiatives proposed during the working group sessions. The first panel examined the many ways in which disproportionality might impact community life. The panel began with the story of one family's experience of feeling invaded and discusses how the concentration of child welfare authorities throughout communities of color might impact how family members relate to each other and others in their communities. Other panelists provided insight from experiences with the criminal justice system and the environmental justice system to explore similar patterns of impact resulting from disproportionality. There was also a presentation focused on the experience of foster parents and caretakers within communities where over-representation is prominent. The second panel focused on the response of communities with first-hand experience of the racial geography phenomenon. The presentations further acknowledged the impact of racial geography and explored promising possibilities for making positive change. In the afternoon, participants were divided into five working groups that focused on: legal strategies, research, the education system, legislation/policy, and community based social services. Summaries are provided of the findings of the groups and their recommendations for addressing the racial geography of the child welfare system.

Title: Foster PRIDE Digital Curriculum.
Published: 2006
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Abstract: Developed in concert with Governor's State University, this new interactive version of Foster PRIDE Core contains dramatizations, role-playing exercises, and internal assessment tools. The Foster PRIDE Digital Curriculum can be used as a supplement to classroom training or an 'anytime, anywhere" distance learning option for foster parents. Foster PRIDE Core is an in-service training program for new and experienced foster parents, much of which may also be of interest to adoptive parents. PRIDE Core consists of 11 modules of competency-based inservice training. The modules, which total 87 hours of training, range in duration from 3 to 15 hours each. Each module includes a Trainer's Guide and a PRIDEBook, which contains all the resource materials participants will use in the sessions and at home: worksheets, a summary of session content, and resource readings. Foster PRIDE Core resources include: Module 1: The Foundation for Meeting the Developmental Needs of Children at Risk (4 discs) Module 2: Using Discipline to Protect, Nurture, and Meet Developmental Needs (3 discs) Module 3: Addressing Developmental Issues Related to Sexuality (1 disc) Module 4: Responding to the Signs and Symptoms of Sexual Abuse (2 discs) Module 5: Supporting Relationships between Children and Their Families (3 discs) Module 6: Working as a Professional Team Member (3 discs) Module 7: Promoting Children's Personal and Cultural Identity (2 discs) Module 8: Promoting Permanency Outcomes (4 discs) (Author abstract, modified) Module 9: Managing the Fostering Experience (2 discs)

Title: Kinship Care.
Author(s): Martinez, Racquel.
Published: 2006
Available from: Alaska Center for Resource Families
http://www.acrf.org/
815 Second Avenue, Suite 101
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Printable version (PDF): http://www.acrf.org/education/Feature/KinshipCare.pdf
Abstract: This 2-credit self-study course is designed to help relative caretakers such as aunts, uncles, and grandparents or kinship care providers understand the special aspects of this kind of out-of-home. Information is provided on what is meant by kinship care, reasons children are placed with relatives or kinship care providers, the difference between formal kinship care through the Alaska Office of Children's Services and informal kinship care, the benefits and challenges associated with kinship care, and the role of a kinship care provider. Suggestions to help kinship care providers cope with birth parents are also discussed. Finally, a fact sheet about the number of children in kinship care and different types of kinship care programs is included, as well as a link for taking a test on the material presented. 6 references.

Title: Foster Parents: The Importance of Caseworker 30 Day Contact: Training Materials.
Published: 2006
Available from: Child Welfare Partnership
http://www.ccf.pdx.edu/cwp/pgCWP.php
520 S.W. Harrison Suite 440
Portland, OR 97201
Document available online at: http://www.cwpsalem.pdx.edu/netlink/FPCaseworkContact/index.html
Abstract: These are training materials for a course for foster parents. Not sure what to talk about when caseworkers come to visit? Make the most of the time you have during your 30 day contacts with caseworkers. Learn what is most important to cover, what caseworkers are taught to discuss, who they have to talk to and how to provide them with information that ensures safety, permanency and well being for children. Understand why caseworkers need "alone" time with the child and how unannounced visits work. Learn how 30 day contact improves outcomes for children in all areas including permanency. Most of all learn tips on maximizing the time you have with the caseworker so you can spend time on the other important work you have to do! (Author abstract)

Title: One Family to Another: Keeping Children Connected to Birth Families.
Published: 2006
Available from: Alaska Center for Resource Families
http://www.acrf.org/
815 Second Avenue, Suite 101
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Document available online at: http://www.acrf.org/education/Birth_Families_Course/introduction.htm
Abstract: Alaska is moving towards a "family to family" model of out-of-home care for children in the custody of the State of Alaska's Office of Children's Services. You will hear foster and foster-adoptive families now called "resource families." A resource family is any foster, foster-adoptive, tribal or kinship care family that is caring for a child in the custody of the Office of Children's Services, also known as OCS. Birth families remain important to children, even when the plan is not reunification. The role of the resource families may range from answering questions about the birth family to helping with visits to mentoring and providing support for birth families who are getting their kids back. This self-study will look at why resource families are being asked to do more with birth families, look at strategies to keep children connected to their families, and discuss ways to make visitation go more smoothly. (Author abstract)

Title: Critical Connections for Children Who are Abused and Neglected: Harnessing the New Federal Referral Provisions for Early Intervention.
Author(s): Dicker, Sheryl.;Gordon, Elysa.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Infants & Young Children
v. 19, 3, July/September 2006, p. 170-178
Available from: National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp
Hunter College School of Social Work
129 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10065
Printable version (PDF): http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/teleconferences/Critical_Connections.pdf
Abstract: This article highlights strategies that link the child welfare, court, and Early Intervention systems to enhance the healthy development of young children in foster care. It spotlights the need for infants and young children in foster care to be referred to the Early Intervention Program (EIP) and outlines the importance of implementing the new Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act Part C referral provisions. It outlines the barriers to the EIP for maltreated children and identifies strategies to ensure referral and successful navigation of the EIP. The authors will describe several innovative, collaborative programs that link child protective services, health, mental health, and developmental services and provide cross-system training and funding to facilitate early intervention diagnosis and treatment for young children in foster care. (Author abstract)

Title: Fire Safety Training Course for Resource Families.
Published: 2006
Available from: Alaska Center for Resource Families
http://www.acrf.org/
815 Second Avenue, Suite 101
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Document available online at: http://www.acrf.org/education/FireSafetyCourse/fabout.htm
Abstract: This course will explore how the resource family can be "fire smart" and "emergency ready." Families will learn about conducting effective fire drills, using a fire extinguisher correctly, identifying potentially dangerous firesetting behaviors in children, and promote general home safety. Alaska resource families will also learn what the foster care regulations require of licensed foster families regarding fire safety. (Author abstract)

Title: Immigration Handbook: You Are Not Alone!
Published: 2006
Available from: Lawyers For Children
http://www.lawyersforchildren.org/
110 Lafayette Street 8th Floor
New York, NY 10013
Document available online at: http://www.lawyersforchildren.org/sitecontent.cfm?page=infoforyouth-immigration
Printable version (PDF): http://www.lawyersforchildren.org/siteFiles/Immgration_LFC.pdf
Abstract: This handbook is designed to assist young people in the New York City foster care system and guardianships that have questions regarding immigration. It answers questions about: different types of immigration status; accessing help with immigration if you are in foster care or guardianships; deportation and green cards; Special Immigrant Juvenile Status (SIJS) for young people in foster care or guardianships; eligibility for SIJS and waiting for SIJS; ways to get a green card; and caseworker assistance with immigration status. A glossary of immigration terms is provided.

Title: Family Team Decision-Making Meetings: Frequently Asked Questions by Social Workers.
Published: 2006
Available from: Washington State Department of Social and Health Services
http://www1.dshs.wa.gov/
DSHS Constituent Services
PO Box 45130
Olympia, WA 98504-5130
Printable version (PDF): http://www1.dshs.wa.gov/pdf/Publications/22-1171.pdf
Abstract: A list of frequently asked questions about family team decision-making.

Title: GLBTQ Youth: A Resource Guide for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender and Questioning Youth in New York City's Foster Care System.
Author(s): Diaz, Linda.;Kimmel, Kristin.;Freedman, Karen J.
Published: 2006
Available from: Lawyers For Children
http://www.lawyersforchildren.org/
110 Lafayette Street 8th Floor
New York, NY 10013
Document available online at: http://www.lawyersforchildren.org/sitecontent.cfm?page=handr-yourarenotaloneCLBTQe
Printable version (PDF): http://www.lawyersforchildren.org/handbooks/GLBTQ-Interior.pdf
Abstract: Designed for gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, or questioning (GLBTQ) young people in foster care in New York City, this resource guide explains available support services and provides information on organizations to help GLBTQ youth with: foster care issues, including the right to appropriate services, confidentiality, medical care, HIV status, sexual orientation, Service Plan Review meetings, and programs for GLBTQ young people; independent living, including discharge planning, consent to remain in foster care, Supervised Independent Living Programs, housing, education, college, employment and job training, and immigration status; homelessness and emancipation issues; physical health and addiction issues; and mental health issues and finding the right counselor. A glossary of terms related to GLBTQ is included.

Title: Adoption and Guardianship Preparation Training for Alaska's Resource Families. Section Three, Special Needs Children and Legal Risk Placement: Open or Closed Adoptions.
Published: 2005
Available from: Alaska Center for Resource Families
http://www.acrf.org/
815 Second Avenue, Suite 101
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Printable version (PDF): http://www.acrf.org/education/Current/AdoptThree.pdf
Abstract: In this section the resource family will learn: (1) An understanding of the term "special needs" children; (2) An overview of "legal risk" placement and concurrent planning; (3) The differences between open and closed adoption. (Author abstract)

Title: Guardianship as a Permanency Option: Training Materials.
Published: 2005
Available from: Child Welfare Partnership
http://www.ccf.pdx.edu/cwp/pgCWP.php
520 S.W. Harrison Suite 440
Portland, OR 97201
Document available online at: http://www.cwpsalem.pdx.edu/netlink/Guardianship/index.html
Abstract: These are training materials for a course that discusses the new type of guardianship legislated in Oregon via Senate Bill 70. The Durable Guardianship is now available to DHS families and this training teaches why this is a good choice for some children, how to make it happen, and give you a chance to consider scenarios in which it might be a viable option. (Author abstract)

Title: Continuous Permanency Planning Timeline.
Published: 2005
Available from: Wisconsin Department of Children and Families
http://dcf.wisconsin.gov/
201 East Washington Avenue, Second Floor
P.O. Box 8916

Madison, WI 53708-8916
Printable version (PDF): http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/dcfs_info/infomemos/2005/2005-12attach.pdf
Abstract: This document is a work aid for county, tribal, contract, and state child welfare staff to standardize the concurrent case planning process, guide collateral communication, and coordinate permanency planning activities. The chart will help ensure timely legal determinations and referrals for permanency consultation leading to permanence for all children served by the Wisconsin child welfare system. This chart reflects good practice standards. (Author abstract)

Title: Developing An Emergency Placement Resource and Diligent Relative Search: Training Materials.
Published: 2005
Available from: Child Welfare Partnership
http://www.ccf.pdx.edu/cwp/pgCWP.php
520 S.W. Harrison Suite 440
Portland, OR 97201
Document available online at: http://www.cwpsalem.pdx.edu/netlink/EmergencyPlacement/index.html
Abstract: These are training materials for a distance training course developed primarily for staff who have little or no training in certification. This training provides tools and information to help you with this crucial piece in child welfare emergencies. Included in this training is information regarding policy and practice when searching for relatives. (Author abstract)

Title: Adoption and Guardianship Preparation Training for Alaska's Resource Families. Section Four, Core Issues in Adoption.
Published: 2005
Available from: Alaska Center for Resource Families
http://www.acrf.org/
815 Second Avenue, Suite 101
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Printable version (PDF): http://www.acrf.org/education/Current/AdoptFour.pdf
Abstract: In this section the resource family will learn the core issues of adoption: Loss, Rejection, Guilt and Shame, Grief, Identity, Intimacy and Control. (Author abstract)

Title: Kinship Navigator Pilot Project Replication Manual.
Published: 2005
Available from: Washington State Department of Social and Health Services
http://www1.dshs.wa.gov/
DSHS Constituent Services
PO Box 45130
Olympia, WA 98504-5130
Printable version (PDF): http://www1.dshs.wa.gov/pdf/ea/kinship/KinshipNavigatorReplicationManual.pdf
Abstract: This manual is intended to help service providers and policymakers use the lessons learned in the Kinship Navigator Pilot to expand and improve programs that support kinship caregivers of children and youth. It is hoped that the manual will serve to improve understanding of the pilot's successes and challenges, as well as act as a reference guide on implementing a similar program. The manual contents are based upon observations, interviews, and discussions with project staff, focus groups and surveys with kinship caregivers served by the pilot initiative. Due to the pilot's short time period and limited scope, this manual can not provide comprehensive, detailed and proven instructions for replication. However, this manual does provide a summary of the program's background, philosophy and implementation steps offering a solid foundation for developing a Kinship Navigator program. (Author abstract)

Title: Needs and Assets Assessment of the Comprehensive Health Evaluation for Children (CHEC) Program.
Published: 2005
Available from: New Jersey Office of the Child Advocate
http://www.state.nj.us/childadvocate/
240 West State St. 7th Floor
P.O. Box 92
Trenton, NJ
Printable version (PDF): http://www.state.nj.us/childadvocate/publications/PDFs/1CHEC_Report_12-15-05rr.pdf
Abstract: In August 2005, the OCA undertook this assessment of DHS' coordination of health care for children in out-of-home placement in New Jersey. The OCA selected a statistically relevant sample of children statewide who received a CHEC between January 1, 2005 and April 30, 2005 to assess the overall coordination of medical care for children in out-of-home placement, including diagnostic and follow-up care within the domains of physical health, developmental health, and behavioral/mental health. This report reflects the OCA's findings and evaluates the progress DHS has made in establishing a continuum of coordinated medical care for children in out-of-home placement. (Author abstract)

Title: Adoption and Guardianship Preparation Training for Alaska's Resource Families. Section One, The State of Alaska Child Protection System and Permanency Through Adoption and Guardianship.
Published: 2005
Available from: Alaska Center for Resource Families
http://www.acrf.org/
815 Second Avenue, Suite 101
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Printable version (PDF): http://www.acrf.org/education/Current/AdoptOne.pdf
Abstract: This self study course will help to prepare you for and teach you about basic processes of adoption and guardianship of children who are in the custody of the State of Alaska, due to child abuse and neglect. (Author abstract)

Title: Dealing With Sexually Acting Out Behaviors in Foster Care.
Author(s): McInnis, Aileen M.
Published: 2005
Available from: Washington State Department of Social and Health Services
http://www1.dshs.wa.gov/
DSHS Constituent Services
PO Box 45130
Olympia, WA 98504-5130
Abstract: This training course for foster parents has several goals: 1. To give basic information about sexually acting out in children. 2. To clarify the role of foster care with these children. 3. To suggest strategies to deal with sexually acting out behaviors. and 4. To provide information about safety and protection for both foster child and foster family. (Author abstract)

Title: Adoption and Guardianship Preparation Training for Alaska's Resource Families. Section Five, Maintaining Connections and Culture to Family.
Published: 2005
Available from: Alaska Center for Resource Families
http://www.acrf.org/
815 Second Avenue, Suite 101
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Printable version (PDF): http://www.acrf.org/education/Current/AdoptFive.pdf
Abstract: In this course foster parents will learn: (1) The difference between culture, race and ethnicity; (2) What helps to define a person's culture; (3) About different Native cultures in Alaska; (4) How to maintain connections for Native children; (5) The importance of maintaining cultural and family connections; (6) How the Indian Child Welfare Act Impacts Adoption of Native Children. (Author abstract)

Title: Adoption and Guardianship Preparation Training for Alaska's Resource Families: Section Six: State of Alaska Adoption or Guardianship Subsidy Program.
Published: 2005
Available from: Alaska Center for Resource Families
http://www.acrf.org/
815 Second Avenue, Suite 101
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Printable version (PDF): http://www.acrf.org/education/Current/AdoptSix.pdf
Abstract: The State of Alaska Adoption and Guardianship Subsidy program can seem to be very complex. There are many intricacies when discussing subsidies. Ultimately, subsidy negotiations happen between the social worker and the adoptive family who together define the subsidy agreement. The subsidy agreement is then approved by the OCS Regional Adoption Specialist and the OCS Director. This section is an overview of the elements of an adoption subsidy and should not be considered the authority on Alaska adoption subsidy but as a guide to help you through this process. (Author abstract)

Title: Ideas for Transfer of Learning Following Case Assessment and Planning Training.
Published: 2005
Available from: NEW Partnership for Children and Families
http://www.uwgb.edu/newpart/
University of Wisconsin - Green Bay
Cofrin Library 750
2420 Nicolet Dr.

Green Bay, WI 54311
Printable version (PDF): http://www.uwgb.edu/newpart/PDF/PostTraining/104/TOL06%20Post-Training%20Ideas%20for%20TOL%20following%20CAP.pdf
Abstract: It is well established that activities that integrate the content of training once a worker returns back to work are critical in supporting learning. The impact of training events on practice is enhanced when a worker gets the opportunity to examine and apply what he or she has just learned. The supervisor plays a pivotal role in supporting training content and helping a worker move from intellectual learning to application and skill development. In addition, transfer of learning activities provide an opportunity for the supervisor to know the worker better and assess specific elements of his or her value system, knowledge and skill set. Transfer of learning activities are generally seen as beneficial, but the pressures of daily practice make it difficult to give them the attention most supervisors would like. In order to support supervisors in their role as teachers and coaches to their workers, we are supplying this listing of possible transfer of learning activities. The list is long to offer variety and address the various aspects of practice that may seem pertinent to you for a particular worker. The activities are organized by the section of training to which they apply. (Author abstract)

Title: Performance-Based Contracting: The Basics.
Author(s): Wulczyn, Fred.
Published: 2005
Available from: Foster Family-Based Treatment Association
http://www.ffta.org
294 Union Street

Hackensack, NJ 07601
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ffta.org/publicpolicy_advocacy/pbcpaper.pdf
Abstract: This paper explains why States are interested in performance-based contacting in the foster care/child placement field and the economic efficiencies of performance-based systems. Key considerations when using a performance-based system are discussed, including: ensuring a focus on the permanent exit of children from the child welfare system; reinvesting funds that are saved through improvement of the system into increased quality of care; employing good baselines that are adjusted for risk; using explicit risk sharing agreements that define who bears the risk and under what circumstances risk will be shared; deciding how cash will flow to the agency over the contract period; and deciding how much the initial investment should be and how the investment should be made.

Title: Adoption and Guardianship Preparation Training for Alaska's Resource Families. Section Two, The Home Study Process.
Published: 2005
Available from: Alaska Center for Resource Families
http://www.acrf.org/
815 Second Avenue, Suite 101
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Printable version (PDF): http://www.acrf.org/education/Current/AdoptTwo.pdf
Abstract: In this section the resource family will understand what a home study is (also called resource family assessment) and the basic components of a home study. (Author abstract)

Title: Treatment Foster Care: A Cost-Effective Strategy for Treatment of Children With Emotional, Behavioral or Medical Needs.
Author(s): Bryant, Brad.
Published: 2004
Available from: Foster Family-Based Treatment Association
http://www.ffta.org
294 Union Street

Hackensack, NJ 07601
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ffta.org/publicpolicy_advocacy/TFCAdvocacyPaper.pdf
Abstract: This paper explains how Therapeutic or Treatment Foster Care (TFC) bridges the service gap for substantial numbers of foster youth whose needs fall between the capacities of regular foster care and residential treatment. It begins with background information on TFC and a description of key features of TFC. Research findings are then provided on the efficacy and cost effectiveness of TFC. Findings indicate TFC has proven more effective than regular foster care and at least as effective as facility-based group care in meeting the treatment needs of this population. In addition, data is provided that show TFC costs are much lower than group care costs and are economical compared to the true costs of traditional foster care for youth with emotional, behavioral, or medical needs. 63 references.

Title: Male Offenders in Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice Systems
Author(s): Aguilar, Jemel.;Abrams, Laura.
Published: 2004
Available from: University of Minnesota, School of Social Work
http://cehd.umn.edu/ssw/
105 Peters Hall
1404 Gortner Ave
St. Paul, MN 55108
Document available online at: http://cehd.umn.edu/SSW/cascw/research/learningModules/maleOffenders/#synopsis
Abstract: Recent research indicates that maltreated children are disproportionately at risk for delinquency involvement and continuing their involvement into adulthood. In 2001, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) redirected efforts toward children in both the child welfare and juvenile justice systems by encouraging research on this topic as well as improved practice with these youths. Using interview data collected during an ethnographic research study of identity, treatment, and behavior change in Minnesota juvenile correctional facilities, this curriculum module provides information about the problem of youth who are dually involved in child welfare and juvenile justice systems of care. This module can be used for a child welfare, methods, or policy courses. This module contains supplemental training materials such as: Research synopsis; Internet resources about dual system youth; Psychosocial case study of a young male offender; Discussion questions; and Citations and Articles (Author abstract)

Title: Becoming a Resource Family: What You Should Know: Questions You May Have When Becoming A Foster Or Adoptive Parent For A Child In Your Community.
Published: 2004
Available from: Alaska Center for Resource Families
http://www.acrf.org/
815 Second Avenue, Suite 101
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Printable version (PDF): http://www.acrf.org/ICWA/BAFAF_Rural.pdf
Abstract: Frequently asked questions and answers for potential resource families in Alaska.

Title: Now That You're a Family: Guide to Adoption Issues and Services.
Author(s): Lowe, Jacquelyn M.
Published: 2004
Available from: New Jersey Adoption Resource Clearing House
http://www.njarch.org/
76 South Orange Avenue, Suite 209
South Orange, NJ 07079
Printable version (PDF): http://www.njarch.org/images/After%20Adoption%20pdf%203-29-04.pdf
Abstract: This booklet offers information about the core issues of adoption, the importance of open communication among all members of the family, and the potential need for support services for the adopted child and the adoptive family. This booklet also describes the types of services available to families and includes information about finding the right services for your family. (Author abstract)

Title: Designing and Managing Volunteer Programs. (Chapter 13 in The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management.)
Author(s): Brudney, Jeffrey L.
Published: 2004
Available from: Jossey-Bass Publishers
http://www.josseybass.com
350 Sansome St.
San Francisco, CA 94104
Abstract: This chapter discusses the essential components of a volunteer program and offers suggestions for increasing their effectiveness. It begins by establishing the rationale for volunteer involvement and then describes strategies for involving paid staff in volunteer program design, integrating the volunteer program into the organization, creating positions of program leadership, preparing job descriptions for volunteer positions, incorporating virtual volunteering and episodic volunteering, meeting the needs of volunteers, and managing volunteers. Recommendations for evaluating and recognizing the volunteer effort are also discussed. 1 table and numerous references.

Title: Washington Children's Administration Consultation Regarding Tribal Licensing Issues: Tribal Foster Care Licensing Policy Analysis and State Models Review. Final Report.
Published: 2004
Available from: Washington State Department of Social and Health Services
http://www1.dshs.wa.gov/
DSHS Constituent Services
PO Box 45130
Olympia, WA 98504-5130
Printable version (PDF): http://www1.dshs.wa.gov/pdf/ca/tribalFCLicens.pdf
Abstract: In June of 2004 the Washington DSHS Children's Administration contracted with the National Indian Child Welfare Association to provide consultation on tribal licensing of foster homes. As part of that consultation, NICWA conducted a review of Washington law and policy in the context of existing federal Indian and general child welfare laws and policy. In addition, NICWA conducted a review of four other states' policy and procedures regarding tribal state relations in the area of foster care licensing. The review was conducted during the months of June through September, culminating in this report. In order to facilitate the collection of common data across a complex policy environment among diverse states, NICWA created a matrix of data elements that are of particular concern to DSHS. These data elements were derived from a series of meetings between NICWA, the Children's Administration, and the Attorney General's office. Data were gathered via telephone interviews with state and tribal child welfare administrators, recorded in narrative form, and then entered into the matrix. The gaps in the matrix were addressed in follow-up interviews where possible. Comparison states were chosen on the basis of their own emerging solutions to the same set of challenges faced by Washington. While every state is different in its approach, promising solutions often emerge from diverse responses to challenges. New Mexico was chosen because it has a IV-E demonstration waiver that includes tribal operation of IV-E and tribal licensing of foster and kinship homes. Minnesota was chosen because it has the longest history in recognition of tribal licensing. Oklahoma was chosen because it has many issues similar to Washington and arrived at a working solution that represents a working model. North Dakota was chosen for its long-standing use of tribal IV-E agreements and its simple system of recognizing tribal licensing. Each of these states provides examples of what might be done. At the same time as the comparison state data were being gathered, NICWA's legal consultant conducted a policy analysis of Washington law and policy. Findings of the state comparisons were compared with the Washington analysis to determine if any recommendation would emerge from the comparison. Recommendations were prepared and presented as part of this report. This report presents the Washington policy analysis first, including recommendations, followed by the matrix of findings from comparison states. The matrix is followed by interview notations. Finally, sample documents from comparison states are included in the appendix. (Author abstract)

Title: Child Placement Decisions: The Relevance of Facial Resemblance and Biological Relationships.
Author(s): Herring, David J.
Published: 2003
Available from: Berkeley Electronic Press
http://www.bepress.com/
2809 Telegraph Avenue, Suite 202
Berkeley, CA 94705
Printable version (PDF): http://law.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1072&context=pittlwps
Abstract: This article discusses two studies of evolution and human behavior addressing child-adult relationships and explores implications for policies and practices surrounding placement of children in foster homes. The first study indicates that men favor children whose facial features resemble their own facial features. This study may justify public child welfare decision makers in considering facial resemblance as they attempt to place children in safe foster homes. The second study indicates that parents are likely to invest more in children who are biologically related to them, thus enhancing their longterm well-being. Among other implications, this study may justify public child welfare decision makers in attempting to preserve biological families and avoid the removal of children from biological parents. It may also justify maintaining contact between biological parents and children even if removal is necessary. Although this article recognizes that the studies do not provide for comprehensive decision making rules, the article articulates how the studies can be used to incrementally construct, test, and improve policies and practices in a specific area of public activity. (Author abstract)

Title: The Grieving Child in Care.
Author(s): Wallace, Sheri.
Published: 2003
Journal Name: Children's Voice
May/June 2003,
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Document available online at: http://www.cwla.org/articles/cv0305grieving.htm
Abstract: This article explains the feelings of loss foster children may experience, difficulties they may have in adjusting to foster care, and strategies for working with grieving children. Common symptoms of grief are described and tips for adults who are involved with grieving children are offered. The collaboration of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and the Child Welfare League of America to improve the design, delivery, and outcomes of mental health and substance use services for children in foster care and their families is noted.

Title: Group Care for Children and Adolescents.
Published: 2002
Available from: KU ScholarWorks
http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/
The University of Kansas Information Services
223 Strong Hall
1450 Jayhawk Blvd
Lawrence,, KS 66045
Printable version (PDF): https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/bitstream/1808/3873/1/bestpracticesreport3.pdf
Abstract: This report presents the findings of a study that compared the outcomes of foster care group homes and family foster care. Specifically, the study examined whether there is any empirical literature that supports the best practices idea that family foster care is better than group home care, whether there is empirical literature that says some certain types of children do better in group homes than in family foster homes, and if group homes might be better for some children, which types of group home programs have been shown to be effective for which types of children. Data was analyzed from 11 empirical studies appearing in 12 articles from 1983 through 2001. The studies included an analysis of findings, published in 2001, that includes six outcome studies from 1982 to 1998 and 10 additional studies published from 1982-2001. Findings strongly support the best practices idea that family foster care is better for children than group home care. Results from the study also refute the idea that multi-problem youth can be better served in residential group care, and indicate three residential programs have some empirical support: the Teaching Family Model, the Boys Home Model, and the REPARE Model. One new model, Schema, also shows promise. A chart illustrates the findings from the 11 studies. 28 references.

Title: A Guide to SSI and Social Security Benefits for Children and Youth in Out-of-Home Care.
Author(s): O'Connor, Michael A.
Published: 2001
Available from: New York State Office of Children and Family Services
http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us
Capital View Office Park
52 Washington Street

Rensselaer, NY 12144-2796
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us/main/publications/eligibility/29%20A%20Guide%20to%20SSI.pdf
Abstract: This guide to Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security programs is intended to provide basic information about the rights of children or youth in out-of-home care to receive benefits under these two programs. Older youth in care, resource families -- foster parents, adoptive parents, and kinship caregivers -- biological parents, and social workers may use this information. In addition, this Guide reviews the basic application requirements, eligibility rules, and appeal procedures for SSI and Social Security and offers practical tips for effective advocacy. The Guide also describes the unique roles and responsibilities of state and county child welfare departments regarding the management of SSI and Social Security benefits. Finally, special issues of interest to foster parents, adoptive parents, resource family relatives, and older youth in care are reviewed. (Author abstract)

Title: Transition from Care: The Status and Outcomes of Youth Who Have Aged Out of the Foster Care System in Clark County, Nevada.
Published: 2001
Available from: Nevada KIDS COUNT
http://kidscount.unlv.edu/
4505 Maryland Pkwy, Box 456002
Las Vegas, NV 89154-6002
Printable version (PDF): http://kidscount.unlv.edu/2001/transition_fostercare.pdf
Abstract: A study investigated the status and outcome of former foster youth in Nevada by interviewing 75 youth between September 2000 and January 2001 that had been out of foster care for a minimum of 6 months. The average age of the youth at the time of the interview was 20 and the average time spent out of foster care was 2.5 years. Findings indicate that since leaving foster care, close to half of the youth experienced situations indicative of an unsuccessful transition to independence: not having a place to live, being incarcerated or spending time in jail, failure to obtain regular employment, engaging in the illegal selling of drugs or prostitution, or being victimized. Program and policy recommendations are made. 3 tables.

Title: Managing Personnel. (Chapter 20 in The Handbook of Social Welfare Management.)
Author(s): Pecora, Peter J.;Wagner, Michael.
Published: 2000
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: This chapter provides an analysis of affirmative action, equal opportunity provisions, and the Americans with Disabilities Act, and discusses an array of personnel management functions including recruitment, training, performance assessment, and performance problems and termination. A table lists acceptable and unacceptable pre-employment inquiries, and a checklist is provided for recruiting, screening, and selecting employees. 4 tables and 89 references.

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