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Title: Children, Family Responsibilities, and the State.
Author(s): Lind, Craig.;Keating, Heather.
Published: 2008
Available from: Wiley-Blackwell
www.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: This compilation includes essays that explore family and State responsibility for children that were first presented as papers at a symposium at the University of Sussex in England in September 2006. The essays consider the relationship between family responsibility, parenting, and the State, and the State's role in caring for children. Specifically, the essays address: ambivalent commitments to parenting and family life by the New Labour government in adoption support efforts, and its effect on service provision; the extent to which the State's duties and responsibilities in the context of adoption are framed and reinforced by a rights-based discourse, and the difficulties of using a rights-based discourse to post-adoption support services; the local authority as a reluctant parent and its consequences for children; child maltreatment in diverse households and the impact of notions of diversity in evidence before the courts; the classed assumptions underpinning contemporary family policy and evidence indicating parenting practices and values are grounded in social and economic realities; the intellectual basis for New Labour's policy for holding parents to account for the misconduct of their children and its pitfalls; the use of a restorative justice approach as an alternative approach to youth crime; the governance of families in the context of a political philosophy that endorses a rights perspective in social policy and the need to promote transparent government; and assumptions that underpin the Every Child Matters: Change for Children program launched in England and the emergence of the preventive-surveillance State. Numerous references.

Contents: Introduction: responsible parents and a responsible state / Craig Lind and Heather Keating -- Adoption support and the negotiation of ambivalence in family policy and children?s services / Barry Luckock -- Making and breaking family life: adoption, the state, and human rights / Sonia Harris-Short -- The state as parent: the reluctant parent? the problems of parents of last resort / Judith Masson -- Child maltreatment in diverse households: challenges to law, theory, and practice / Julia Brophy -- Perspectives on parenting responsibility: contextualizing values and practices / Val Gillies -- Holding parents to account: tough on children, tough on the causes of children / Laurence Koffman -- Youth crime: whose responsibility? / Alex Newbury -- Governing parenting: is there a case for a policy review and statement of parenting rights and responsibilities? / Clem Henricson -- The 'change for children'.

Title: Adoption and Sibling Relationships: What Children Have Taught Me.
Author(s): Brown, Jane.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Adoptalk.
Spring 2008,
Available from: North American Council on Adoptable Children (NACAC)
http://www.nacac.org/
970 Raymond Avenue, Suite 106
St. Paul, MN 55114
Document available online at: http://www.nacac.org/adoptalk/siblingrelationship.html
Abstract: This brief considers sibling issues that enhance and complicate the lives of children in adoptive families, and discusses strategies for addressing sibling issues. Strategies include: create and use a family journal, seek therapeutic help for serious sibling and family conflicts, make certain each child gets individual attention and affection, model and promote open communication, and provide chances for your children to interact with similarly situated peers. Specific challenges that siblings face in transracial adoptions are also described and parents are urged to encourage everyone in the family to participate in adoption education events and multiracial and multicultural adoptive family organizations, facilitate transracially adopted children's connection with members of their birth race and culture, and make the family culturally competent.

Title: Transitioning Youth with Mental Health Needs to Meaningful Employment and Independent Living.
Author(s): Woolsey, Lindsey.;Katz-Leavey, Judith.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability for Youth (NCWD/Youth)
http://www.ncwd-youth.info
c/o Institute for Educational Leadership
4455 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 310
Washington, DC 20008
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ncwd-youth.info/assets/reports/mental_health_case_study_report.pdf
Abstract: This report discusses the findings of a federally funded study that investigated successful strategies for assisting youth with mental health needs as they transition to postsecondary education, employment, and independent lives. It presents the findings from case studies of five promising program sites, selected from a national scan of the field, and identifies successful program design features. The case studies featured include: The Village Integrated Service Agency's Transitional Age Youth program in Long Beach, California; Options in Vancouver, Washington; Our Town Integrated Service Agency in Indianapolis, Indiana; the Transitional Community Treatment Team in Columbus, Ohio; and YouthSource in Renton, Washington. Part 1 of the report surveys reviews current research findings on youth with mental health needs and the methodology of the study, and Part 2 describes design features in the case study sites that address commonly cited challenges to successful transition by youth with mental health needs. Successful design features included: program locations that are distinct and separate from adult service program locations; staffing choices that promote engagement of youth and young adults; individualized mental health interventions that are youth-friendly and innovative; assessment and service planning processes that facilitate the identification of individual strengths, talents, and skills that can lead to education and career goals; exposure to the world of work and career options, including individualized support by program staff; and access to a range of transitional housing options in the community that fit the individual's readiness to live independently. Part 3 of the report presents systems-level factors that affect success at the service delivery and individual outcome levels. Findings from the site visits indicate successful programs actively seek out partnerships with service agencies and organizations in their community to provide a comprehensive array of services; identify, access, and leverage funding streams to enhance and expand program services; and promote systems change to the benefit of the population of transition-age youth with mental health needs. Final sections discuss recommendations for programs, staff, and State and federal policymakers. 30 references.

Title: 209: Integrating Concurrent Planning into Child Welfare.
Author(s): Fisher, June.
Published: 2008
Available from: Pennsylvania Child Welfare Training Program
http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu
University of Pittsburgh, School of Social Work
403 East Winding Hill Road
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
Document available online at: http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu/Curriculum/209IntegratingConcurrentPlanningIntoCW.html
Abstract: Concurrent Planning is an important method in providing permanency to children who are in out-of-home care. This workshop provides child welfare professionals with an understanding of what is concurrent planning and the benefits and challenges of concurrent planning. It introduces the elements of concurrent planning and assists the child welfare worker in learning new ways to approach service planning and delivery at every stage of a child's placement. Strategies for overcoming challenges are discussed. The components of the Three Stage Casework Process and the Full Disclosure Interview which lead to successful concurrent planning are explained. The importance of developing a case plan, conducting case reviews, and performing case management tasks based on the needs of the child and youth is emphasized to guide a Child Welfare Professional's decision making and to increase permanency options. This training is intended for all caseworkers, supervisors, and administrators who provide direct services to families and/or develop policy that guides casework practice and allocation of resources. (Author abstract)

Title: Promoting Resilience in Young People in Long-Term Care: The Relevance of Roles and Relationships in the Domains of Recreation and Work.
Author(s): Gilligan, Robbie.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Social Work Practice
v. 22, 1, 2008, p. 37-50
Abstract: This paper seeks to highlight the resilience-enhancing potential for vulnerable young people of roles and relationships in the domains of recreation and work. The paper explores its theme through a specific focus on the needs of young people in long-term care. Thepaper has four sections: the first deals with some key conceptual propositions relevant to understanding resilience-related processes; the second with the resilience-enhancing potential of recreational activities; the third with the resilience-enhancing potential of work roles; and the fourth with the implications for practices by carers and professionals inrelation to helping young people in care to derive benefits from the positives that recreation and work experiences may have to offer. The paper reviews relevant research evidence from a range of perspectives and through related case examples. (Author abstract)

Title: From Evolving Discourses to New Practice Approaches in Domestic Violence and Child Protective Services.
Author(s): Friend, Colleen.;Shlonsky, Aron.;Lambert, Liz.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Children and youth services review
v. 30, 6, June 2008, p. 689-698
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: This article examines the evolution of the discourse surrounding domestic violence (DV), explores how that discourse intersects with public child welfare (PCW), and makes some suggestions for improving the quality and consistency of services for families involved in these systems in both the United States and Canada. In particular, the discourse at the intersection of the two systems has focused on whether or not children's exposure to DV is maltreatment and, further, if it warrants placement in foster care. Within the PCW system itself, data seem to point to divisions in worker beliefs over what circumstances necessitate removal of children and what solutions should be pursued in order to achieve permanence. Legislation and courts have spoken to this complex issue. Given the tension and new developments in the field, this article proposes that harm reduction (HR), evidence-based practice (EBP), and differential response (DR) approaches can bring the two systems together in order to better serve families. (Author abstract)

Title: Adoption Support and the Negotiation of Ambivalence in Family Policy and Children's Services.(Chapter 1 in Children, Family Responsibilities, and the State.)
Author(s): Luckock, Barry.
Published: 2008
Available from: Wiley-Blackwell
www.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: In this article, ambivalent commitments to parenting and family life by the New Labour government are explored by reference to the example of adoption support. Developments in adoption illuminate contrasting expectations in family policy and children's services more generally. Policy and practice tensions are discussed and it is concluded that new spaces are being opened up for the negotiation between parents and professionals about rights and responsibilities in family life and its support. 112 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Making and Breaking Family Life: Adoption, the State and Human Rights. (Chapter 2 in Children, Family Responsibilities, and the State.)
Author(s): Harris-Short, Sonia.
Published: 2008
Available from: Wiley-Blackwell
www.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: This article explores the extent to which the State's duties and responsibilities in the context of adoption are framed and reinforced by a rights-based discourse. It argues that while the human rights paradigm plays an invaluable role in the pre-adoption process by identifying and imposing more exacting obligations on the State, the application of a rights-based discourse proves more problematic in the post-adoption context. 108 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: The State as Parent: The Reluctant Parent? The Problems of Parents of Last Resort. (Chapter 3 in Children, Family Responsibilities, and the State.)
Author(s): Masson, Judith.
Published: 2008
Available from: Wiley-Blackwell
www.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: This article explores the idea of the local authority as a reluctant parent and considers the extent to which this reluctance is produced by the care proceedings system and its consequences for children. It discusses the impact of the juridification of social work and the emphasis on the courts for holding local authorities to account, the balance between voluntary accommodation and compulsory care, and the problems of resourcing care services. 129 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Caseworker Visits with Children in Out-of-Home Care.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp
Hunter College School of Social Work
129 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10065
Printable version (PDF): http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/policy-issues/Caseworker-Child_Visits.pdf
Abstract: This document provides a summary of state efforts to date to comply with the provisions of Child and Family Services Improvement Act of 2006, which required states to develop plans by June 20, 2008 that would ensure that at least 90% of children in foster care will be visited by their caseworkers on a monthly basis and that the majority of those visits will take place in the child's residence. It is based on information provided directly to the NRCFCPPP by states, as well as Internet searches of state policy and legislation. This is not a comprehensive list of all policies and practices. (Author abstract)

Title: Completing the Circle: Uncovering, Discovering and Creating Connections for Your Foster and Adoptive Children.
Published: 2008
Available from: Iowa Foster and Adoptive Parents Association
http://www.ifapa.org/
6864 NE 14th St., Suite 5

Ankeny, IA 50023
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ifapa.org/pdf_docs/CompletingtheCircle.pdf
Abstract: This guidebook was created to help foster and adoptive parents identify, locate, and engage as many caring individuals as possible -- biological and other -- to support the child in your care over his or her lifetime. (Author abstract)

Title: Market-Based Disparities in Foster Care Service Provision.
Author(s): McBeath, Bowen.;Meezan, William.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Research on Social Work Practice
v. 18, 1, p. 27-41
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Objective: This study examines in-agency and out-of-agency service provision to a sample of 243 foster children and their families. Method: Data come from a longitudinal study of 243 foster children and families served by non-profit agencies that were operating under either a performance-based, managed care purchase-of-service contract or a fee-for-service reimbursement mechanism. Results: Children and families served by agencies with performance-based, managed care contracts receive fewer of three of five types of services than those served by agencies reimbursed through fee-for-service contracts. Conclusions: Results suggest that performance-based, managed care contracting is related to suppressed service provision and may lead to service disparities between foster children and families served under different market environments. (Author abstract)

Title: Building a Data Sharing Network of Scholarship Programs for Alumni of Foster Care: Pilot Phase Process and Findings.
Author(s): Schultz, Jennifer Lee.;Mueller, Dan.
Published: 2008
Available from: Casey Family Programs
http://www.casey.org
1300 Dexter Avenue North, Floor 3

Seattle, WA 98109-3542
Printable version (PDF): http://www.casey.org/NR/rdonlyres/DAC76D55-0D4E-45D4-B9D4-E3E99BA3FB24/703/CaseyPilotPhaseAlumniFosterCare_708.pdf
Abstract: In order to help strengthen the capacity of scholarship programs to systematically gather and examine data on their recipients, Wilder Research and Casey Family Programs launched the Foster Care Alumni Scholarship Benchmarking Network (Network), a data sharing initiative. The Network consists of a common database into which participating programs pooled data on their programs and scholarship recipients. The participating programs included scholarship programs designed specifically for youth who have been in foster care. This report describes the process of launching the Network and presents preliminary findings based on data collected in the pilot phase. (Author abstract)

Title: Kinship Care for African American Children: Disproportionate and Disadvantageous.
Author(s): Harris, Marian S.;Skyles, Ada.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Family Issues
v. 29, 8, August 2008, p. 1013-1030
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: To highlight the individual and systemic practices that perpetuate the overuse of and reliance on kinship care and instead emphasize family reunification as the permanency plan for African American children in the child welfare system, the authors first discuss how kinship care is affected by federal child welfare policy and provide a historical perspective on how that policy has evolved. They then discuss the number and proportion of African American children entering the child welfare system and receiving kinship foster care, distinguishing between formal and informal kinship care. The conclusion addresses implications for practice and research, including the need to reevaluate child welfare policies, and demonstrates that kinship care is overused and detrimental for African American children. (Author abstract)

Title: Parental Rights and the Foster Care System: A Glimpse of Decision Making in Virginia.
Author(s): McWey, Lenore M.;Henderson, Tammy L.;Alexander, Jenny Burroughs.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Family Issues
v. 29, 8, August 2008, p. 1031-1050
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Using ecological theory and a mixed-methods approach, the authors examined family-court interactions for foster care decisions made in Virginia across three policy periods: 1980 to 1993, 1994 to 1997, and 1997 to present (N = 95). For the first and last policy periods, quantitative analyses revealed significant differences in the rates at which parental rights were terminated. Differences also existed in termination rates for parents with mental health issues and limited IQs but not for parents with substance abuse issues or those with special-needs children. The best-interests-of-the-child standard and clear and convincing evidence were the primary legal principles used to determine whether to terminate parental rights or to reunify families. Suggestions were made to enhance the understanding of family professionals. (Author abstract)

Title: "We Have No Rights, We Get No Help": The Legal and Policy Dilemmas Facing Grandparent Caregivers.
Author(s): Letiecq, Bethany L.;Bailey, Sandra J.;Porterfield, Fonda.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Family Issues
v. 29, 8, August 2008, p. 995-1012
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Guided by an ecological perspective on family policy, this qualitative study used family life history interviews to document the legal and policy dilemmas faced by 26 grandparent caregivers residing in Montana. Most grandparents (n = 18) were caring for their grandchildren in informal or private care arrangements. Findings revealed four legal or policy contexts that hindered informal grandparent caregiving, including the lack of a kinship care navigation system, the lack of legal rights, fear of the child welfare system, and disparities between informal and formal kinship care policies. Future policy directions, including expanding subsidized guardianship programs and granting informal grandparent caregivers' legal authority over their grandchildren, are discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Factors Associated With Young Children's Opportunities for Maintaining Family Relationships During Maternal Incarceration.
Author(s): Poehlman, Julie.;Shlafer, Rebecca J.;Maes, Elizabeth.;Hanneman, Ashley.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Family Relations
v. 57, 3, July 2008, p. 267-280
Available from: National Council on Family Relations
http://www.ncfr.org
3989 Central Avenue, NE
Suite 550
Minneapolis, MN 55421
Abstract: Children affected by maternal incarceration experience challenges maintaining continuos family relationships because of changes in caregivers, separation from siblings, and limited contact with mothers. In this mixed-method study, we investigated maternal and contextual factors associated with continuity in family relationships of children living with relatives because of their mother's incarceration. Interviews with 92 incarcerated mothers revealed that children were more likely to live in continuous caregiving arrangements when mothers felt that the caregiver was their choice, when children lived with fathers, and when the mother-caregiver relationship was more positive. In addition, most mothers were concerned about the quality or stability of care when expressing a preference for children's living arrangements. (Author abstract)

Title: Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in Treatment Foster Care: A Resource Guide (including, Evidence-Based Practice in Child Welfare: An Overview).
Author(s): Romanelli, Lisa Hunter.;LaBarrie, Theressa.;Hackle, Dusty.;Jensen, Peter S.
Published: 2008
Available from: Foster Family-Based Treatment Association
http://www.ffta.org
294 Union Street

Hackensack, NJ 07601
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ffta.org/publications/EBPguideFinalWeb.pdf
Abstract: This Resource Guide offers Treatment Foster Care (TFC) providers with information, references, resources, and tools for implementing Evidence-based Practices (EBPs) in their service settings. It identifies specific models, interventions, and tools that TFC providers can use to deliver effective services to the children, youth, and families in their care. More importantly, the Guide provides "how-to" information to help TFC providers successfully implement desired EBPs in their settings. (Author abstract)

Title: Social Support and Psychological Well-Being in Lesbian and Heterosexual Preadoptive Couples.
Author(s): Goldberg, Abbie E.;Smith, JuliAnna Z.;
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Family Relations
v. 57, 3, July 2008, p. 281-294
Available from: National Council on Family Relations
http://www.ncfr.org
3989 Central Avenue, NE
Suite 550
Minneapolis, MN 55421
Abstract: This study examines predictors of social support and mental health among 36 lesbian and 39 heterosexual couples who were waiting to adopt. Lesbian preadoptive partners perceived less support from family than heterosexual partners but similar levels of support from friends. Lesbian and heterosexual partners reported similar levels of well-being. Aspects of the adoption process were associated with anxiety, whereas couples' conception history was associated with depression. Adoption practitioners should acknowledge these distinct pathways in prevention efforts. (Author abstract)

Title: Texas: 2020 Data Brief.
Published: 2008
Available from: Casey Family Programs
http://www.casey.org
1300 Dexter Avenue North, Floor 3

Seattle, WA 98109-3542
Printable version (PDF): http://www.casey.org/NR/rdonlyres/1A3D4787-3EF1-44F4-97B5-5F169BF15733/714/TX_brief2.pdf
Abstract: Casey Family Programs' 2020 Data Briefs highlight positive, long-term trends associated with each state's progress towards achieving the goals Casey Family Programs has articulated as a part of its 2020 Strategy. This brief showcases Texas and the data associated with a reduction in the number of children in out-of-home care.

Title: Caseworker Face-to-Face Contact Requirements for Children and Juveniles in Out-of-Home Placement.
Published: 2008
Available from: Wisconsin Department of Children and Families
http://dcf.wisconsin.gov/
201 East Washington Avenue, Second Floor
P.O. Box 8916

Madison, WI 53708-8916
Printable version (PDF): http://dcf.wisconsin.gov/memos/num_memos/DSP/2008/2008-01ATTACH_3.pdf
Abstract: This policy establishes the requirement for caseworkers to have face-to-face contact at least once each and every full calendar month with children and juveniles who are living in an out-of-home placement. Additionally, this policy directs agencies how to document information about the caseworker's face-to-face contact in eWiSACWIS. (Author abstract)

Title: Questions and Answers: Child and Family Services Reviews and the Education Well-Being Outcome.
Published: 2008
Available from: Legal Center for Foster Care and Education
http://www.abanet.org/child/education/home.shtml
American Bar Association, Center on Children and the Law
740 15th Street, NW.
Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://www.abanet.org/child/education/QA_7_CFSR_FINAL.pdf
Abstract: This factsheet discusses the Child and Family Service Reviews as related to foster care and education. (Author abstract)

Title: Parenting From Prison.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Rise
10, Summer 2008,
Available from: Rise Magazine
http://www.risemagazine.org/
224 W. 29th St. 2nd Fl.
New York, NY 10001
Printable version (PDF): http://www.risemagazine.org/PDF/Rise_issue_10.pdf
Abstract: Incarcerated parents with children in foster care face many challenges staying connected. It can be difficult to access services, set up visits and reunite after release. Parents with sentences longer than 15 months are at risk of permanently losing their rights to their children. In this issue, parents in prison write about their efforts to stay connected to their children in foster care despite their incarceration and to reunify after release. (Author abstract)

Title: Untold Stories: A Discussion of Life Story Work.
Author(s): Baynes, Polly.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Adoption and Fostering.
v. 32, 2, Summer 2008, p. 43-49
Available from: British Association for Adoption & Fostering (BAAF)
http://www.baaf.org.uk/
Skyline House, 200 Union Street
London SE1 0LX
Abstract: This article by Polly Baynes focuses on life story work with looked after children and is based on her 20 years' experience as a practitioner, independent life story work trainer and mentor, independent reviewing officer and children's guardian. The article traces the history of life story work and considers how changes within social work have affected practice, and are played out within the narratives that we create for children who cannot live with their birth families. The re-emergence of life story work within the current 'target-led, evidence-based' culture of social work is discussed and the impact of attitudes to gender, poverty and professional accountability is considered. Finally, there is a discussion of respectful practice with children and the issue of social work power, as manifested in the writing of children's stories. (Author abstract)

Title: An Exploration of Adopters' Views Regarding Children's Ages at the Time of Placement.
Author(s): Brind, Katherine.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child and Family Social Work
v. 13, 3, August 2008, p. 319-328
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: This paper describes a project undertaken as part of a masters degree at Kingston University that looked at factors which influence adopters' decisions about the ages of children that they want to adopt. This subject is topical because currently many adoptive parents want to adopt very young children, but many of the children waiting for placements are older. Relevant literature is reviewed to place the project in context and to provide a theoretical perspective on adopters' decision-making on the preferred ages of children at the time of placement. The views of adopters and adoption social workers were sought using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The majority of adopters who responded wanted to adopt children who were as young as possible. Adoption social workers who responded reported difficulties finding placements for older children. Data obtained suggests that the strategies designed to encourage adopters to consider adopting older children may have limited effect. In the conclusion, tentative suggestions are made about the implications of this project for adoption practice. (Author abstract)

Title: Matched Comparison of Children in Kinship Care and Foster Care on Child Welfare Outcomes.
Author(s): Winokur, Marc A.;Crawford, Graig A.;Longobardi, Ralph C.;Valentine, Deborah P.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Families in Society
v. 89, 3, July-September 2008, p. 338-346
Available from: Families in Society
http://www.familiesinsociety.org
11700 West Lake Park Drive
Milwaukee, WI 53224-3099
Printable version (PDF): http://www.familiesinsociety.org/Show.asp?override=true&docid=3759
Abstract: The documented growth of kinship care has boldly thrust this topic into the forefront of child welfare practice. This study compares the permanency, safety, and stability outcomes for a matched group of children placed in kinship care and foster care. After controlling for demographic and placement characteristics, children in kinship care had significantly fewer placements than did children in foster care, and they were less likely to still be in care, have a new allegation of institutional abuse or neglect, be involved with the juvenile justice system, and achieve reunification. These findings call for a greater commitment by child welfare professionals, policy makers, and researchers to make kinship care a viable out-of-home placement option for children and families. (Author abstract) Free registration required to view online article.

Title: Healing Families: An Outcome Evaluation of a Community Family Court.
Author(s): Rivera, Marny.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Juvenile and Family Court Journal
v. 59, 1, Winter 2008, p. 17-32
Available from: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
http://www.ncjfcj.org/
PO Box 8970
Reno, NV 89507
Abstract: In this paper, a model community family court program that seeks to break the intergenerational cycle of crime and substance abuse by treating families holistically will be presented. This model court seeks to reduce crime and provide safe and permanent homes for children of substance-abusing parents. In this community family court, the prototypical problem-solving court has been both focused and expanded. The community family court provides a focused response designed to address the unique combination of problems facing families on a family-by-family basis. At the same time, supervision and treatment services have been expanded to include every family member and all open court cases including criminal charges, juvenile delinquency, dependency, and civil cases. An overview of the court's evolution and discussion of integrated services designed to provide a wraparound style intervention will be highlighted as key contributors to the largely positive results of this community family court's evaluation. (Author abstract)

Title: Visit Coaching: Building on Family Strengths to Meet Children's Needs.
Author(s): Beyer, Marty.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Juvenile and Family Court Journal
v. 59, 1, Winter 2008, p. 47-60
Available from: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
http://www.ncjfcj.org/
PO Box 8970
Reno, NV 89507
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nwae.org/info-article-11.pdf
Abstract: Visits between children in foster care and their families often do not build on family strengths or help them demonstrate they can meet their children's safety and developmental needs. Visits can alienate parents, children, and foster parents, and the parent's grief, anger, and preoccupation with complying with court-ordered treatment often obscure their children's needs. Visit coaching is an innovative approach that can replace parenting classes and office-based visits with hands-on guidance for families in meeting their children's needs. The visit coach, who may be their caseworker or a variety of other trained individuals, helps parents take charge of visits and demonstrate more responsiveness to each child. (Author abstract)

Title: Foster Care to College Mentoring Program: Preliminary Report.
Published: 2008
Available from: Washington State Institute for Public Policy
http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/
110 Fifth Avenue SE, Suite 214
P.O. Box 40999
Olympia, WA 98504-0999
Printable version (PDF): http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/rptfiles/08-07-3903.pdf
Abstract: This report presents information on the first 18 months of the Foster Care to College (FCTC) mentoring program in Washington State. This pilot program is modeled on the mentoring program for foster youth run by Treehouse in King County. It expands the availability of education-focused mentoring to foster youth in all regions of the state. The FCTC mentoring program is funded by grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates and Stuart Foundations and funds from Department of Social and Health Services Children's Administration. Findings. The total number of youth referred, served, and matched in the program is lower than projected. Although not meeting the goal of 75 matches in year one, each DSHS Region with an established mentoring program met the goal of matching 50 new youth per year in the most recent twelvemonths. About 80 percent of youth in the program ever matched to a mentor were still actively matched as of March 31, 2008. Over the course of the 18-month program, the characteristics of enrolled youth and their mentors have shifted from the original contract requirements. The report suggests ways the program could be modified to facilitate referrals, increase access to the program, and improve the evaluation of program effectiveness. (Author abstract)

Title: Living on an Island: Consequences of Childhood Abuse, Attachment Disruption and Adversity in Later Life.
Author(s): Frederick, John.;Goddard, Chris.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child and Family Social Work
v. 13, 3, August 2008, p. 300-310
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: This paper reports on a study which sought to obtain greater knowledge and understanding of the life circumstances of a group of people who had experienced adversity and abuse in childhood. A qualitative research strategy involving in-depth interviews with individuals was used to help achieve the study's aim. The study found that interviewees detailed multiple risks to their development during childhood and adolescence, including experiences of child abuse, being placed in care and major grief and loss experiences. Most had left home in their mid-teenage years and had little or no contact with their families of origin. Interviewees had very limited social networks and described difficulties in making and keeping friends. Many reported unstable and often violent personal relationships. As suggested by attachment theory, this study supports the notion of developmental continuities from adverse childhood experiences into later life, particularly in relation to personal and social relationships. Recommendations for a number of suitable methods of intervention and support are outlined. (Author abstract)

Title: Children With Problematic Sexualized Behaviors in the Child Welfare System.
Author(s): Baker, Amy J. L.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Welfare
v. 87, 1, p. 5-28
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Abstract: This study assessed the utility of the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI) in a child welfare sample. In this study, 97 children from ages 10 to 12 from either foster boarding homes or a residential treatment center participated. Researchers interviewed foster parents or primary therapists about children's sexual behavior, traumatic events, clinical symptoms, and their attitudes toward the child. Findings revealed that problematic sexualized behaviors were more prevalent in the residential treatment center (RTC) sample than they were in a normative sample. The pattern of associations between sexual behavior problems, traumatic events, and clinical syndromes in both the RTC and the foster boarding home (FBH) samples was similar to what has been found in samples in which biological custodial parents were the respondents. Analyses comparing youth who met the criterion for having problematic sexualized behaviors and youth who did not meet the criterion revealed that the two groups differed on clinical symptoms, prior traumatic events, and negative reports by caregivers. Results confirm the utility of the CSBI measure for this population and highlight several important clinical and programmatic concerns for addressing problematic sexual behavior in children in the child welfare system. (Author abstract)

Title: 202: Foundations of Independent Living: An Overview.
Author(s): Kissell, Deborah L.
Published: 2008
Available from: Pennsylvania Child Welfare Training Program
http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu
University of Pittsburgh, School of Social Work
403 East Winding Hill Road
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
Document available online at: http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu/Curriculum/202FoundationsofIndependentLivinganOverview.htm
Abstract: Participants in this training will be able to: Describe the social issues of unprepared youth and young adults exiting care; Describe the history, philosophy, legislation, and goals of the Pennsylvania Independent Living Program; Recognize the importance of permanent connections for youth within the community; Identify available resources to promote permanency for youth; and Describe the roles of collaborative partners that aid in empowering youth. (Author abstract)

Title: 202: The Independent Living Services Continuum: Engaging Youth in Their Transition Process.
Author(s): Kissell, Deborah L.
Published: 2008
Available from: Pennsylvania Child Welfare Training Program
http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu
University of Pittsburgh, School of Social Work
403 East Winding Hill Road
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
Document available online at: http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu/Curriculum/202TheIndependentLivingServicesContinuumEngagigYouthinTheirTransitionProcess.htm
Abstract: Participants in this training will be able to: Understand and implement the Independent Living continuum of services. They will also learn how to engage youth in that continuum; Develop a case plan with youth; Describe the rights of youth in the case planning process; Identify ways to engage youth in the case planning process; and Identify required documentation and its importance to the youth's successful transition. (Author abstract)

Title: Training Resource on Transitional Independent Living Plan.
Author(s): Becker, Irene.
Published: 2008
Available from: California Social Work Education Center (CalSWEC)
http://calswec.berkeley.edu/CalSWEC/
University of California, Berkeley
School of Social Welfare
Marchant Building, Suite 420
6701 San Pablo
Berkeley, CA 94720-7420
Document available online at: http://calswec.berkeley.edu/CalSWEC/OtherTraining_i.html
Abstract: This brief training resource is designed to disseminate vital information about the Transitional Independent Living Plan that is to be developed for a youth who is between the ages of 15 ½ and 16 by the county social worker/probation officer, with the active participation of the youth and other supporting adults The purpose of the TILP is to describe the youth's current level of functioning and identify emancipation goals, services, activities, and individuals assisting the youth in the process of obtaining self-sufficiency. Two resources are provided: one for supervisors and managers, the other for child welfare workers. The child welfare worker resource is designed to be conducted by a trainer, or by a supervisor or facilitator. Both are designed to last about one hour, so that they may be provided during a regular meeting, such as a unit meeting. (Author abstract)

Title: Data on Children in Foster Care from the Census Bureau.
Author(s): O'Hare, William P.
Published: 2008
Available from: Annie E Casey Foundation
http://www.aecf.org/
701 St. Paul St.
Baltimore, MD 21202
Printable version (PDF): http://www.aecf.org/~/media/PublicationFiles/FosterChildrenJuly2508.pdf
Abstract: This paper provides the first systematic examination of data regarding children in foster care collected by the U.S. Census Bureau. The first part of the paper discusses quality and usefulness of the data on foster children derived from the Census Bureau's Decennial Census and American Community Survey (ACS). The second part of the paper uses the 2006 ACS to provide data on the characteristics of non-kinship family foster care households compared to all households with children. Overall, comparisons based on Census Bureau data show that households with foster children are disadvantaged compared to all households with children. (Author abstract)

Title: Safety, Family, Permanency, and Child Well-Being: What We Can Learn From Children.
Author(s): Fox, Adair.;Berrick, Jill Duerr.;Frasch, Karie.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Welfare
v. 87, 1, p. 63-90
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Abstract: This study is an attempt to infuse into discussions about system accountability the notion that children can speak to issues of safety, family, permanency, and well-being in child welfare. The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design involving in-home, semistructured interviews with children ages 6 to 13 in two urban California counties. Of the 100 children who participated in face-to-face interviews, 59 were living with kin caregivers and 41 were living with non-kin. Standardized instruments and measures developed specifically for this study were employed. Findings indicate that while children assess their homes as safe, neighborhood conditions are often challenging. A significant proportion of children reveal less than optimal relationships with their caregivers, and many experience feelings of impermanence. Nevertheless, children report positive regard for the caregiving they receive and are optimistic about the future. Implications for practice and research are addressed. (Author abstract, modified)

Title: Child and Adult Victimization: Sequelae for Female Caregivers of High-Risk Children.
Author(s): Weisbart, Cindy E.;Thompson, Richard.;Pelaez-Merrick, Melissa.;Kim, Jeongeun.;Wike, Traci.;Briggs, Ernestine.;English, Diana J.;Dubowitz, Howard.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Maltreatment
v. 13, 3, August 2008, p. 235-244
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Little is known about the effects of child versus adult victimization or about the effects of victimization on physical health or social support. Mental and physical health outcomes among 890 female caregivers were examined utilizing data from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). The study examined whether victimized women (compared to nonvictimized women) would endorse higher rates of depression, lower levels of social support, and poorer recent health. Differences between subgroups of victimized women defined by when victimization occurred (child only, adult only, and both child and adult) were also examined. Women with any victimization and women with victimization during both time periods had the worst outcomes. Child-only victimization effects, however, did not differ significantly from adult-only victimization. This study suggests added vulnerability for women victimized during both childhood and adulthood. Clinicians should carefully assess lifetime experiences of victimization; approaches to such assessment should be refined through further research. (Author abstract)

Title: The Knowledge of Caring: Revisiting the Need for Knowledge Support of Carers.
Author(s): Osmond, Jennifer.;Scott, Teresa.;Clark, Julie.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child and Family Social Work
v. 13, 3, August 2008, p. 262-273
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: Foster carers' knowledge of caring for abused and neglected children is a largely under-researched area. We know very little about the nature of carers' knowledge in relation to caring for children who have been abused or neglected. This paper reports on an exploratory study which examined the knowledge of caring. Qualitative data were analysed based on in-depth interviews with 10 foster carers in Queensland, Australia. A range of knowledge was identified showing an interaction of both personalized and formal understandings in the caring response. Given the breadth of knowledge recognized from the analysis, this paper presents one dimension of their knowing: theory and abuse-indicated understandings. Participants' responses in these areas were at times sound, but many struggled to provide convincing and well-formed explanations of topics, such as attachment, harm and child development which may suggest that their understandings are not what they could be. Although further research is needed on a larger scale, this study does highlight the necessity to re-examine processes and strategies for carer knowledge support, so as to strengthen their understanding of these issues. (Author abstract)

Title: The Intimate World of Strangers: Embodying the Child in Foster Care.
Author(s): Rees, Alyson.;Pithouse, Andrew.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child and Family Social Work
v. 13, 3, August 2008, p. 338-347
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: In this paper we look at fostering with particular regard to embodiment and the body, the boundaries around it and related aspects of intimacy in foster home settings. Based upon mixed qualitative methods comprising mainly audiotaped interviews and audiotaped diaries it was possible to document and analyse key activities, meanings and relationships that inform the private world of foster care. In doing so, the paper looks first at sociological notions of the body, we then deploy these conceptual tools in regard to a sequence of seemingly mundane yet profoundly important day-to-day encounters between the fostered child and the private lives of the foster family. The notion of fostering as the coming together of strangers in which all parties have to learn the often tacit and emergent rules of intimacy within a family setting is depicted here in regard to aspects of joint habitation and boundary regarding the body. Themes around physical care, nurturing, space and privacy, touch and cleanliness are explored in order to reveal more of the private encounters that construct the embodied world of fostering. (Author abstract)

Title: Evaluation Brief on the Status and Activities Related to Florida's IV-E Waiver Demonstration Project: First 18 Months.
Author(s): King-Miller, T.;Armstrong, M.I.;Sowell, C.;Jordan, N.;Sharrock, P.;Vargo, A.
Published: 2008
Available from: Department of Child & Family Studies, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute
http://cfs.fmhi.usf.edu/
13301 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MHC 2321
Tampa, FL 33612-3809
Printable version (PDF): http://cfs.fmhi.usf.edu/stateandlocal/pdf/cbcreport08_08.pdf
Abstract: The purpose of the IV-E Waiver evaluation is to determine the effectiveness of expanded child welfare services and supports in improving permanency and safety outcomes for children in or at risk of entering out-of-home placement. This issue brief summarizes findings covering the first 18 months of the IV-E Waiver implementation (October 2006 - March 2008). In response to the IV-E Waiver, Community-Based Care lead agencies report using various creative approaches aimed at producing immediate and long-term benefits. (Author abstract)

Title: Stand Up Stand Out: Recommendations to Improve Youth Participation in New York City's Permanency Planning Process.
Published: 2007
Available from: Center for Court Innovation
http://courtinnovation.org/
520 8th Avenue, 18th floor
New York, NY 10018
Printable version (PDF): http://www.courtinnovation.org/_uploads/documents/YJBreport%20final_2007.pdf
Abstract: Written by the 16 teenage members of the 2006-2007 Youth Justice Board, this report proposes 14 specific recommendations to improve the court experiences and outcomes for adolescents in foster care. The Youth Justice Board, which consists of New York City high schools students 15 to 19 years old, spent several months researching New York's permanency planning process -- interviewing over 40 child welfare and court professionals, conducting two focus groups of youth in care and observing Family Court proceedings in Kings County, Bronx County and New York County Family Courts. (Author abstract)

Title: Adult Services Plan: Serving 18-25 Year-Olds: Best Practices.
Published: 2007
Available from: California Health and Human Services Agency (CHHS)
http://www.chhs.ca.gov/
1600 Ninth Street, Room 460
Sacramento, CA 95814
Printable version (PDF): http://www.chhs.ca.gov/initiatives/CAChildWelfareCouncil/Documents/AdultServicesPlan.pdf
Abstract: This document represents the work of the Chief Probation Officers of California, Adult Services Committee and is part of an extensive action plan developed by the Committee. While there has been a great deal of focus on juvenile offenders in recent years that has resulted in expanded service delivery and improved outcomes with youth on probation across the state, more attention is warranted to address the very real needs of 18-25 year old offenders who lack the maturity and life experience of other, older probationers. Additionally, young adult offenders face many of the same barriers as their juvenile counterparts and yet often do not have the same level of support in their efforts to complete their grant of probation successfully. This briefing paper offers a strategic approach based on evidence-based practices. (Author abstract)

Title: Orphaning the Children of Welfare: "Crack Babies," Race, and Adoption Reform. (Chapter 9 in Outsiders Within: Writing on Transracial Adoption.)
Author(s): Briggs, Laura.
Published: 2006
Available from: South End Press
http://www.southendpress.org/
7 Brookline Street #1
Cambridge, MA 02139-4146
Abstract: This chapter explores the deep-rooted societal belief that impoverished families are toxic to their children that has resulted in the removal of children from impoverished families. It discusses the impact of the concept of a culture of poverty, the mythical crack baby, and welfare reform and adoption reform on the rise of impoverished children in foster care. 46 references.

Title: Including Parents, Foster Parents and Parenting Caregivers in the Assessments and Interventions of Young Children Placed in the Foster Care System.
Author(s): Robertson, Anne S.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Children and Youth Services Review
v. 28, 2, February 2008, p. 180-192
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Since the release of Zero to Three's principles on assessment of young children, child welfare social workers and other professionals have improved ways to incorporate parents and parenting caregivers into their child's team. However, given the increasing numbers of young children coming into care, and their risk for long-term disability, it is imperative that child welfare social workers become the catalyst to improve options for all young foster children. This paper provides a brief overview of young children in the foster care system and discusses the role of parents and parenting caregivers in the assessment of young children. The paper then explores the interdependence of assessment and intervention and the challenges involved with including parents and parenting caregivers in the assessment of their children. The final section of the paper synthesizes the findings to make several recommendations to improve social work practice for young children in foster care and their families. (Author abstract)

Title: Parents in Prison, Children in Crisis. (Chapter 8 in Outsiders Within: Writing on Transracial Adoption.)
Author(s): Barry, Ellen M.
Published: 2006
Available from: South End Press
http://www.southendpress.org/
7 Brookline Street #1
Cambridge, MA 02139-4146
Abstract: This chapter questions the belief that parents who go to prison or jail are bad parents. It discusses the racism in the criminal justice system and the removal of children from incarcerated parents, the consequences of incarceration on the parent-child bond, and the ethical and legal ramifications of parental rights termination. 38 references.

Title: Young Children in Foster Care: Multiple Vulnerabilities and Complex Service Needs.
Author(s): Vig, Susan.;Chinitz, Susan.;Shulman, Lisa.
Published: 2005
Journal Name: Infants & Young Children
v. 18, 2, April/June 2005, p. 147-160
Available from: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
http://www.lww.com/
16522 Hunters Green Parkway
Hagerstown, MD 21740
Abstract: Young children who have been removed from their biological families and placed in foster care are at significant risk for poor developmental outcomes. Their vulnerability is often the result of adverse biological and psychosocial influences: prenatal exposure to alcohol and other drugs, premature birth, abuse and neglect leading to foster placement, and failure to form adequate attachments to their primary caregivers. Children younger than 6 years form the largest group entering foster care, and remain longest in care. Meeting the complex needs of this vulnerable group of young children and their families presents extensive challenges for early intervention service systems. The purpose of the following discussion is to describe the foster care population and the kinds of medical conditions, mental health problems, and developmental disabilities experienced by young children in foster care, and to explore implications for intervention. By increasing their understanding of risk factors, vulnerabilities, and complex service needs, early childhood professionals can become effective advocates and provide services that ameliorate risk and optimize outcomes for these children and their families. (Author abstract)

Title: Intervening With Foster Infants' Caregivers: Targeting Three Critical Needs.
Author(s): Dozier, Mary.;Higley, Elizabeth.;Albus, Kathleen E.;Nutter, Anna.;
Published: 2002
Journal Name: Infant Mental Health Journal
v. 23, 5, September 2002, p. 541-554
Available from: Wiley Interscience.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: This article presents the theoretical and empirical rationale for an intervention that targets three critical needs of infants and young children in foster care. First, foster children tend to give behavioral signals that lead even nurturing caregivers to provide non-nurturing care. Foster parents, therefore, need services that help them to reinterpret children's behavioral signals. Second, some caregivers are not comfortable providing nurturance. When surrogate caregivers do not provide nurturance to foster children, their children are at risk for a range of problematic outcomes. The second intervention component, therefore, targets caregiver difficulties in providing nurturance. Third, foster children are at risk for behavioral and biobehavioral dysregulation as the result of disrupted relationships with previous caregivers. The final intervention component helps caregivers provide children with a predictable interpersonal environment such that children develop better regulatory capabilities. (Author abstract)

Title: Very Young Foster Children and Foster Families: Clinical Challenges and Interventions.
Author(s): Heller, Sherryl Scott.;Smyke, Anna T.;Boris, Neil W.
Published: 2002
Journal Name: Infant Mental Health Journal
v. 23, 5, September 2002, p. 555-575
Available from: Wiley Interscience.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: Recent federal reviews of the foster care system in the United States have concluded that the system is in crisis. Clinicians familiar with the foster care system are undoubtedly aware of significant stress points directly impacting foster families. In July of 1997, an innovative program was developed to assess and treat young foster children (under 48 months of age). A significant focus of this program's clinical work is supporting foster parents. This article begins with a brief review of the status of foster parenting in the United States. A description of challenges and obstacles faced by foster parents participating in this program and the service providers who work with them follows. Finally, a review of the various intervention strategies used by our program to address clinical challenges inherent in work with foster families is provided. (Author abstract)

Title: Developmental Delay in Young Children in Child Welfare by Initial Placement Type.
Author(s): Leslie, Laurel K.;Gordon, Jeanne N.;Ganger, William.;Gist, Kristin.
Published: 2002
Journal Name: Infant Mental Health Journal
v. 23, 5, September 2002, p. 496-516
Available from: Wiley
http://www.wiley.com/
10475 Crosspoint Blvd.
Indianapolis, IN 46256
Abstract: Estimates of developmental delay in children in out-of-home foster care range from 13-62%. Overlooked in these studies are comparisons of developmental delay differentiated by a child's initial placement type (i.e., biological parent, kinship care, or nonrelative foster care) following evaluation for possible abuse and/or neglect. The developmental status of children residing in these different placement types warrants further scrutiny by clinicians and policy makers, especially due to the recent trend towards family preservation efforts and the growing use of kinship care. Data were collected on 798 children, ages 3-36 months, who were admitted to San Diego's sole emergency shelter/receiving facility from April 1, 1998 through June 30, 1999 for investigation of alleged maltreatment. Children admitted received a physical exam and developmental screening using the Denver Developmental Screening Test (Denver-II). Sixty two percent of children (491) scored suspect on the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (Denver-II). Of these children, 73% received a developmental evaluation using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (Bayley-II). Over 34% of these children evaluated scored more than 2 standard deviations below the mean on at least one component of the Bayley-II regardless of placement type. Although children with suspect scores on the Denver-II were more likely to be placed in nonrelative foster care (p < .013), there was no difference between placement types for children with delay on the Bayley-II. Results for children released to their biological parent(s) should be viewed as preliminary, because these children were less likely to receive an evaluation compared to other children. However, results suggest that young children placed in kinship care are as likely to be developmentally delayed, based on the Bayley-II, as those children placed in nonrelative foster care. Given concerns in the literature that children in kinship care receive fewer services than children in nonrelative foster care, this finding bears further investigation. (Author abstract)

Title: Maltreatment Reports and Placement Outcomes for Infants and Toddlers in Out-of-Home Care.
Author(s): Frame, Laura.
Published: 2002
Journal Name: Infant Mental Health Journal
v. 23, 5, September 2002, p. 517-540
Available from: Wiley Interscience.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: This study examines the relationship between child and family characteristics, child abuse and neglect reporting histories, and placement outcomes for a sample of 1,357 infants and toddlers who were placed in foster care prior to the implementation of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (P.L. 105-89). A cohort of children entering foster care in six California counties were followed for an average of four years, using data drawn from two management information systems (child protective services and foster care). Among the findings: children with documented prenatal drug and/or alcohol exposure were among those more likely to remain in care during the entire study period, and if they did reunify with their families, were more likely to subsequently reenter care. All children who remained in care were placed after a single report to child protective services. These child welfare outcomes are considered in light of existing child welfare policy and research about developmental risk, yielding practice, policy, and research implications. (Author abstract)

Title: Assessment, Intervention, and Research With Infants in Out-of-Home Placement.
Author(s): Clyman, Robert B.;Harden, Brenda Jones.;Little, Christina.
Published: 2002
Journal Name: Infant Mental Health Journal
v. 23, 5, September 2002, p. 435-453
Available from: Wiley Interscience.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: Infants constitute a large and increasing proportion of youth in out-of-home placement. These infants have very high rates of medical illnesses, developmental delays, and substantial risks for psychopathology. They receive varying amounts of services from a complex and poorly integrated service system that includes four principal service sectors: the child welfare, medical, early intervention, and mental health service sectors. These service systems are currently undergoing major changes in their policies, organization, and financing, such as the introduction of managed care into the child welfare system. In this article, we provide an overview of what is known about infants in out-of-home placement. We then summarize approaches to infant mental health assessment and intervention from a comprehensive perspective that addresses the infants' multiple problems and acknowledges that they need to receive services from multiple systems that are undergoing rapid change. We conclude by highlighting a number of critical areas in need of research. (Author abstract)

Title: The Placement of Infants in Foster Care.
Author(s): Wulczyn, Fred.;Hislop, Kristen Brunner.;Harden, Brenda Jones.
Published: 2002
Journal Name: Infant Mental Health Journal
v. 23, 5, September 2002, p. 454-475
Available from: Wiley Interscience.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: The fundamental question explored in this study concerns the relationship between age and the risk of placement into foster care, the likelihood a child will leave placement, and the likelihood a child will return to foster care having been discharged. The study is based on the experiences of more than 690,000 children in 11 states over an eight-year period, from 1990 to 1997. The results suggest quite strongly that very young children are at greatest risk of entry into foster care, particularly if they are from urban areas. Specifically, 1% of children under one year and 2.5% of children under the age of four months enter foster care. Moreover, once in care, children under the age of four months at the time of placement remain in foster care longer than other children. The implications of these findings for public policy and future research are discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Congregate Care for Infants and Toddlers: Shedding New Light on an Old Question.
Author(s): Harden, Brenda Jones.
Published: 2002
Journal Name: Infant Mental Health Journal
v. 23, 5, September 2002, p. 476-495
Available from: Wiley Interscience.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: With the advent of the crack epidemic and the concurrent decrease in available foster homes for young children, the placement of infants and toddlers in residential congregate care settings has resurfaced in some of the larger urban areas of the United States. Despite the controversy surrounding this type of placement, current research on congregate care settings is almost nonexistent. The present study examines the congregate care facilities that were established in an urban area in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, as a response to the placement crisis for young children in foster care. In addition, the study compares the development of a group of children placed in these settings with a group who were placed in foster home settings. Findings suggest that congregate care facilities differ in their appropriateness for young children based on the number of children in the home and the practice philosophy of the group home. The study documented that children reared in foster family homes fared better than their group-reared counterparts on a variety of variables, including mental development and adaptive skills. In contrast, children reared in congregate care facilities were similar to foster home-reared children regarding observed and reported behavior problems. Implications of these finding for policies and practices related to congregate care placements are discussed. (Author abstract)

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