Child Welfare Information Gateway Library Search

My Child Welfare Librarian

Permanency - Results (102 Publications)

Title: Examining the Losses and Gains Experienced by Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: A Practical Framework for Assessment and Intervention. (Chapter 12 in Parenting the Custodial Grandchild: Implications For Clinical Practice.)
Author(s): Servaty-Seih, Heather L.;Wilkins, Michael A.
Published: 2008
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: The benefit of using a gain/loss framework when assessing and counseling custodial grandparents is explained and the framework is applied to research in seven key domains: roles, routines, relationships, assumptions about the self, assumptions about the world economic conditions, and psychobiological faculties. The ability of the framework to offer a non-pathological approach to discussing a wide range of feelings and events with grandparents who are raising their grandchildren is highlighted. 41 references.

Title: Criminal Background Checks for Prospective Foster and Adoptive Parents: Summary of State Laws
Published: 2008
Available from: Child Welfare Information Gateway
http://www.childwelfare.gov
Children's Bureau/ACYF
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW
Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Printable version (PDF): http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/backgroundall.pdf
Abstract: Current as of April 2008, this factsheet presents a national summary as well as State statutes regarding criminal background checks of parents who want to serve as foster or adoptive parents. All States, the District of Columbia, Guam, and Puerto Rico have statutes or regulations requiring background investigations of prospective foster and adoptive parents and all adults residing in their households. In most States, the background investigation includes a check of Federal and State criminal records. Many States also require checks of child abuse and neglect registries. States may deny approval of a foster care license or adoption application if any adult in the household has been convicted of certain crimes. Summaries of laws for all States and U.S. territories are included.

Title: Preschool Children and Caregiving Grandparents: Enhancing Family Strengths. (Chapter 15 in Parenting the Custodial Grandchild: Implications For Clinical Practice.)
Author(s): Smith, Andrea.;Dannison, Linda.
Published: 2008
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: This chapter explores the challenges faced by grandparents raising their preschool-aged grandchildren and difficulties faced by custodial grandchildren. Case studies are presented to help professionals conceptualize the continuum of care represented by grandparent-headed households, and to highlight the strengths, challenges, and service needs of grandparent-headed households. 23 references.

Title: School-Based Support Group Intervention for Children in the Care of their Grandparents. (Chapter 16 in Parenting the Custodial Grandchild: Implications For Clinical Practice.)
Author(s): Kolomer, Stacey.;McCallion, Philip.;Voorhis, Cara Van.
Published: 2008
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: The challenges faced by children in the custodial care of their grandparents are discussed and the need for support groups for children in schools is emphasized. The Banana Splits support group model for counseling children of divorcing parents is then described, as well as a pilot program that applied the Banana Splits model to grandchildren living in grandparent-headed households. Findings from the pilot and lessons learned are shared. 17 references.

Title: Top Ten Ethical Considerations in Open Adoption Practice.
Author(s): Mason, Mary Martin.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Decree (American Adoption Congress)
v. 24, 4, 2008, p. 1
Available from: American Adoption Congress
http://americanadoptioncongress.org
PO Box 42730
Washington, DC 20015
Document available online at: http://www.americanadoptioncongress.org/open_mason_article.php
Abstract: Ten principles are proposed for guiding open adoption practices. The principles address: fully disclosed adoptions, child involvement, overcoming fears about allowing clients to be in contact without agency control, systemic change in agencies, birth father involvement, equalized services for birth and adoptive parents, not using open adoption to influence relinquishment, fully enforceable post-adoption contact agreements, separate legal councils for adoptive parents and birth parents, and allowing access to original birth certificates.

Title: Emotional Intelligence in Children of Open Adoption: 2002-2003 Survey of Open Adoption and Family Services Clients.
Author(s): Blakely, Jennifer.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: DECREE
v. 24, 4, 2008, p. 6-8
Available from: American Adoption Congress
http://americanadoptioncongress.org
PO Box 42730
Washington, DC 20015
Abstract: A survey of 92 adoptive parents, 38 birthmothers, and 41 children involved in open adoptions was conducted to evaluate overall adoption satisfaction, the level of healthy collaboration between adoptive parents and birthmothers, and whether these collaborations levels correlate with children's emotional intelligence scores. Findings indicate families have high levels of ongoing contact, ongoing contact is linked to adoption satisfaction, and that adoption satisfaction is related to emotional intelligence.

Title: Childhood Risks Associated with Adoption. (Chapter 6 in Family Influences on Childhood Behavior and Development: Evidence-Based Prevention and Treatment Approaches.)
Author(s): Arcus, Doreen.;Chambers, Patrick.
Published: 2008
Available from: Routledge -- Taylor and Francis Group
http://www.routledge.com
7625 Empire Drive
Florence, KY 41042
Abstract: The prevalence and demographics of adopted children are discussed, and major theoretical perspectives on risk and resiliency among children who are adopted are explored. Individual, family, and community factors influencing risk and resiliency are considered, as well as evidence-based treatments and interventions, psychopharmacology recommendations, prevention strategies to minimize the problems associated with adoption and to enhance functioning, and recommended best practices for clinicians. 1 figure and 97 references.

Title: Criminal Background Checks for Prospective Foster and Adoptive Parents
Published: 2008
Available from: Child Welfare Information Gateway
http://www.childwelfare.gov
Children's Bureau/ACYF
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW
Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Document available online at: http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/background.cfm
Printable version (PDF): http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/background.pdf
Abstract: Current as of April 2008, this factsheet presents a national summary as well as State statutes regarding criminal background checks of parents who want to serve as foster or adoptive parents. All States, the District of Columbia, Guam, and Puerto Rico have statutes or regulations requiring background investigations of prospective foster and adoptive parents and all adults residing in their households. In most States, the background investigation includes a check of Federal and State criminal records. Many States also require checks of child abuse and neglect registries. States may deny approval of a foster care license or adoption application if any adult in the household has been convicted of certain crimes.

Title: Foster Parents Speak: Crossing Bridges and Fostering Change [DVD].
Published: 2008
Available from: PhotoSynthesis Productions
http://www.photosynthesisproductions.com/store.cfm
418 North Tioga Street
Ithaca, NY 14850
Abstract: This video presents a discussion with foster parents about their role in promoting family reunification for the children in their care. The participants describe their experiences with foster parenting and their role as temporary caregivers. Topics include strategies for developing relationships with birth parents, visitation, and transitions from foster care to reunification. The group specifically examines the challenges of overcoming parents' hostility toward them, as well as their own bias against the person who mistreated a child. The foster parents advise other caregivers to understand the motivation of the parents and to support them in their attempt to regain custody.

Title: Continuing in Foster Care Beyond Age 18: How Courts Can Help.
Author(s): Peters, Clark.;Bell, Katie S. Claussen.;Zinn, Andrew.;Goerge, Robert M.;Courtney, Mark E.
Published: 2008
Available from: Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago
http://www.chapinhall.org
1313 East 60th Street
Chicago, IL 60637
Document available online at: http://www.chapinhall.org/article_abstract.aspx?ar=1472
Printable version (PDF): http://www.chapinhall.org/content_director.aspx?arid=1472&afid=437&dt=1
Abstract: Research has found that foster youth who remain in care beyond age 18 are more likely to participate in services and tend to have better outcomes than those who do not. However, not all youth eligible to remain in care beyond age 18 do so. This study examines Illinois, one of the few states that extends care up to age 21, to identify the major factors that influence whether young people remain in care beyond 18. The study involved analysis of administrative data, a statewide survey of caseworkers, focus groups with substitute caregivers and with youth, and site visits to interview court personnel across the state. Findings indicate that strong advocacy within the juvenile court on behalf of foster youth plays a primary role in keeping youth in care. In Illinois, courts supervise all cases of youth in foster care, so once court jurisdiction ends, state care and services irrevocably end as well. By keeping cases open, court advocacy enables youth to continue to remain in care and receive other child welfare services. Court advocacy can also affect retention rates indirectly by exerting an influence on other factors that play a role in foster care decisions regarding keeping foster youth in care. A higher degree of court advocacy is associated with a greater availability of placements and services for older foster youth, more involvement by caseworkers and other adults, more positive attitudes about remaining in care beyond 18, and a greater awareness that, by law, youth may remain in care beyond 18. (Author abstract)

Title: Foster Carers' Beliefs Regarding the Causes of Foster Children's Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties: A Preliminary Model.
Author(s): Taylor, Amy.;Swann, Rachel.;Warren, Fiona.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Adoption and Fostering.
v. 32, 1, Spring 2008, p. 6-18
Available from: British Association for Adoption & Fostering (BAAF)
http://www.baaf.org.uk/
Skyline House, 200 Union Street
London SE1 0LX
Abstract: Amy Taylor, Rachel Swann and Fiona Warren report on a study that aimed to explore foster carers' beliefs about the causes of foster children's emotional and behavioral difficulties (EBD), with a view to creating a theory to explain how this particular group of people make sense of these problems. Fourteen foster carers, with either past or present experience of caring for foster children with EBD, volunteered to take part in an interview to discuss their views. The interviews were transcribed and the data analysed using Grounded Theory methodology (Glaser and Strauss, 1967). Nine major causal catagories emerged from the data and a theoretical model was constructed to help explicate these catagories and the links between them. The results demonstrated that foster carers believed that much of foster children's difficulties were caused by early experiences of adversity (eg abuse) or inadequate care (eg neglect) prior to being fostered. However, there seemed to be a sense that these difficulties could be exacerbated by subsequent difficulties within the care system itself. The clinical implications of these findings and future research directions are discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Improving Outcomes for Older Youth in Foster Care.
Published: 2008
Available from: Casey Family Programs
http://www.casey.org
1300 Dexter Avenue North, Floor 3

Seattle, WA 98109-3542
Printable version (PDF): http://www.casey.org/NR/rdonlyres/983E5E8D-DE21-49A5-BC42-3C137D757FDE/658/WhitePaper_ImprovingOutcomesOlderYouth_FR.pdf
Abstract: Historically, federal policies to address the needs of older youth in care have focused on providing services and supports to help youth transition from foster care to independent living. Two questions emerge: 1. Are these policies the right policies? 2. Are they meeting the needs of youth in foster care? In order to address these questions, this white paper begins by suggesting a redefinition of this population and a discussion of the desired outcomes for them. It then provides a snapshot of the outcomes for youth who do, in fact, age out of foster care, followed by a brief description of current federal and state policies designed to meet their needs. The paper concludes with recommendations for federal policies to improve the outcomes of older youth who are in care or transitioning out of care. (Author abstract)

Title: Kinship Care.
Published: 2008
Available from: Casey Family Programs
http://www.casey.org
1300 Dexter Avenue North, Floor 3

Seattle, WA 98109-3542
Printable version (PDF): http://www.casey.org/NR/rdonlyres/FF7D0670-0EC8-4F2C-BDE9-B3DE1CA9A3A8/660/WhitePaper_KinshipCare_FR.pdf
Abstract: This white paper explores how kinship care may be used as a strategy for (1) preventing children from entering the formal foster care system, (2) reducing the number of children already in the foster care system, and (3) achieving permanency outcomes for a greater number of children. The paper first looks at what kinship care is and explores the current composition of kinship care in the United States. We then explore research findings on kinship care, identifying both the positive outcomes associated with kinship care as well as areas in which research has raised concerns. Next, we look at current federal and state programs, policies, legislation, and services available to kinship caregivers and kinship families. Finally, based on the issues discussed, we provide policy recommendations to provide and improve kinship care as a reduction and permanency strategy. (Author abstract)

Title: Effects of Enhanced Foster Care on the Long-term Physical and Mental Health of Foster Care Alumni.
Author(s): Kessler, Ronald C.;Pecora, Peter J.;Williams, Jason.;Hiripi, Eva.;O'Brien, Kirk.;English, Diana.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Archives of General Psychiatry.
v. 65, 6, June 2008, p. 625-633
Available from: American Medical Association
http://www.ama-assn.org/
515 N. State Street
Chicago, IL 60610
Printable version (PDF): http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/65/6/625
Abstract: Context: Child maltreatment is a significant risk factor for adult mental disorders and physical illnesses. Although the child welfare system routinely places severely abused and/or neglected children in foster care, no controlled studies exist to determine the effectiveness of this intervention in improving the long-term health of maltreated youth. Objective: To present results of the first quasi-experimental study, to our knowledge, to evaluate the effects of expanded foster care treatment on the mental and physical health of adult foster care alumni. Design: We used a quasi-experimental design to compare adult outcomes of alumni of a model private foster care program (Casey Family Programs) and 2 public programs. The latter alumni were eligible for but not selected by the private program because of limited openings. Propensity score weights based on intake records were adjusted for preplacement between-sample differences. Personal interviews administered 1 to 13 years after leaving foster care assessed the mental and physical health of alumni. Setting/Participants: A representative sample of 479 adult foster care alumni who were placed in foster care as adolescents (14-18 years of age) between January 1, 1989, and September 30, 1998, in private (n = 111) or public (n = 368) foster care programs in Oregon and Washington. More than 80% of alumni were traced, and 92.2% of those traced were interviewed. Intervention: Caseworkers in the Casey program had higher levels of education and salaries, lower caseloads, and access to a wider range of ancillary services (eg, mental health counseling, tutoring, and summer camps) than caseworkers in the public programs. Youth in the Casey program were in foster care more than 2 years longer than those in the public programs. Results: Casey program alumni had significantly fewer mental disorders (major depression, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders), ulcers, and cardiometabolic disorders, but more respiratory disorders, than did public program alumni. Conclusion: Public sector investment in higher-quality foster care services could substantially improve the long-term mental and physical health of foster care alumni. (Author abstract modified)

Title: 2008 National Convening on Youth Permanence: Recommendations of Youth and Young Adults.
Author(s): Hudson, Brandy.;John, Giselle.;Young, Captain.;Webb, Maurice.;Mason, Lindsay.;Sanders, Michael.
Published: 2008
Available from: Family to Family California
http://www.f2f.ca.gov/ , CA
Printable version (PDF): http://www.f2f.ca.gov/res/pdf/ConveningRecommendationsYouth.pdf
Abstract: Does everyone deserve a forever family? Do teens and young adults desire a forever family? Which permanency option is best for youth? How do young people define permanence? These were some of the questions asked by over 30 youth and young adults that attended the 2008 National Convening on Youth Permanence, all with a desire to share their experiences about the foster care system. An impromptu session was convened by the Annie E. Casey Foundation's Family to Family Youth Engagement Team at the request of the young people to allow these experts to meet and discuss their ideas and experiences around permanency. Their life experiences can help reshape, redefine and renew efforts to achieve permanency for youth. This summary shares their messages and encourages participants from the Convening to feel their experiences, hear their recommendations and make permanency a reality for all youth and young adults. (Author abstract)

Title: The Whole Life Adoption Book: Realistic Advice for Building a Healthy Adoptive Family.
Author(s): Schooler, Jayne E.;Atwood, Thomas.
Published: 2008
Available from: NavPress
http://www.navpress.com/
P.O. Box 35001
Colorado Springs, CO 80935
Abstract: This book is designed to acquaint prospective and new adoptive parents with options and issues surrounding the early steps of the adoption journey, provide awareness and knowledge on the needs of adopted children, and offer direction to parents facing issues that arise during childhood and adolescence. Part 1 of the book discusses the unique challenges adoptive parents must face, the steps in the adoption process, navigating intercountry adoption, transcultural adoption, critical success factors for building healthy adoptive families, and preparing biological children, families, and friends for adoption. Part 2 of the book explores barriers to adjustment and strategies to ease the transition of a child into an adoptive family. Chapter 8 describes attachment, development, and the impact of trauma, and Chapter 9 reviews information on the terminology and diagnosis of attachment disorder. Parenting strategies are recommended for helping children with attachment disorder. Part 3 considers how children feel about adoption at different developmental stages, how parents feel about adoption, and techniques for talking to children about adoption. The final part of the text addresses issues facing adopted adolescents. Chapter 12 discusses how parents can identify and help teens resolve issues of loss, identity, control, abandonment, permanency, and gratitude. Final chapters explore why adopted children seek their roots and how parents can respond, and strategies for creating a nurturing family. Chapters close with questions for small group discussions. Numerous references.

Title: Core Strategies for Recruiting and Retaining Resource Families.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Training Matters
v. 9, 3, July 2008, p. 2
Available from: Training Matters (North Carolina Division of Social Services' Family Support and Child Welfare Services Statewide Training Partnership)
http://www.trainingmatters-nc.org/
2412 Mail Service Center, 325 N. Salisbury Street, Suite 531
Raleigh, NC
Printable version (PDF): http://www.trainingmatters-nc.org/tm_v9n3/TMv9n3.pdf
Abstract: Agencies already have the most important resources at their disposal for recruiting and retaining resource families. To direct those resources effectively they may wish to consider the core strategies listed on this fact sheet. (Author abstract)

Title: Opening Doors for LGBTQ Youth in Foster Care: A Guide for Lawyers and Judges.
Author(s): Laver, Mimi.;Khoury, Andrea.
Published: 2008
Available from: ABA Center on Children and the Law
http://www.abanet.org/child
740 15th Street, NW

Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://www.abanet.org/child/ABA%20LGBTQ%20Text_REV5.pdf
Abstract: This guide aims to increase the legal community's awareness of LGBTQ youth in foster care and the issues they face. It provides tools for lawyers and judges to aid their advocacy and decision making on behalf of LGBTQ youth. Special attention is given to helping lawyers and judges understand the unique needs and risk factors of LGBTQ youth, forming positive attitudes and beliefs about LGBTQ youth, developing strong attorney-client relationships, and using effective advocacy strategies. (Author abstract)

Title: Recruiting Expectant Couples.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Healthy Marriage Resource Center
http://www.healthymarriageinfo.org
10530 Rosehaven Street
Suite 400
Fairfax, VA 22030-2840
Printable version (PDF): http://healthymarriageinfo.org/docs/recruitingexpectantcouples.pdf
Abstract: New parents make a lot of preparations when a baby is on the way. Some of the things couples have to consider are where the baby will sleep and who will stay home with the baby. With these and other preparations, many couples don't prepare for the change that the baby will have on their marriage. This information sheet provides tips for recruiting expectant couples for your healthy marriage program. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Fact Sheet One: Defining Family Permanence.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Convenings on Youth Permanence
http://www.youthpermanence.org/
Printable version (PDF): http://www.youthpermanence.org/_pdf/news/factsheet1_final.pdf
Abstract: This fact sheet discusses the need for young people to have family permanency before they age out of foster care and reviews the components of family permanency. It describes the impact of permanency on young people, permanency practice principles, and key strategies child welfare professionals can use to connect young people to families for life. 3 references.

Title: Fact Sheet Two: Without Family Permanence, Young People Face Difficult Futures.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Convenings on Youth Permanence
http://www.youthpermanence.org/
Printable version (PDF): http://www.youthpermanence.org/_pdf/news/factsheet2_final.pdf
Abstract: This fact sheet stresses the need for young people to have family permanency before they age out of foster care and provides statistics on the number of adolescents in foster care, notes the disproportionate number of minority youth in foster care, and identifies the challenges foster youth face.

Title: Guarding Adoption while Subsidizing Guardianship.
Author(s): Atwood, Thomas.;Zappala, Marc.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Adoption Advocate
5, February 2008,
Available from: National Council for Adoption
http://www.adoptioncouncil.org/
225 N. Washington Street
Alexandria, VA 22314-2561
Printable version (PDF): http://www.adoptioncouncil.org/documents/FINAL--SGAdoptionAdvocateVol5.pdf
Abstract: This paper discusses how federally subsidized guardianship can be a positive reform to the foster care financing system and can be achieved without undermining children's interests in adoption. It defines legal guardianship under federal statute, describes congressional proposals for subsidized guardianship, and addresses the limitations of guardianship. The need to protect a child's interest in achieving permanency through adoption is stressed, and examples of cases in which guardianship should be considered are given. The following four criteria are then identified that should be met before the consideration of subsidized guardianship: the child has been removed from his or her home and the State child welfare agency is responsible for the child's placement and well-being; the State agency has responsibility for the child's placement and well-being; a court has explicitly ruled that neither reunification with the child's original family nor adoption are appropriate permanency options for the child; and a strong attachment already exists between the child and a potential legal guardian who is willing and able to care permanently for the child. 6 references.

Title: What's Inside an Adopted Adolescent? Helping Teens Resolve Five Crucial Issues. (Chapter 12 in The Whole Life Adoption Book: Realistic Advice for Building a Healthy Adoptive Family.)
Author(s): Schooler, Jayne E.;Atwood, Thomas.
Published: 2008
Available from: NavPress
http://www.navpress.com/
P.O. Box 35001
Colorado Springs, CO 80935
Abstract: This chapter explores the unique challenges facing adopted adolescents, symptoms that indicate a teen is struggling with an issue, and parental strategies for helping teens overcome challenges. Challenges include issues of loss, identity, control, abandonment, permanency, and gratitude. The chapter concludes with questions for small group discussions. 13 references.

Title: Education Success for Children in Child Welfare.
Published: 2008
Available from: Iowa Department of Human Services
http://www.dhs.iowa.gov/
Hoover State Office Building
1305 E. Walnut
Des Moines, IA 50319
Printable version (PDF): http://www.dhs.state.ia.us/docs/03.08-Education_Success_for_Children_in_CW.pdf
Abstract: This practice bulletin shares statistics on the educational outcomes of children and youth in foster care, emphasizes the need for the educational assessment of foster children, and provides practice tips for ensuring educational success for foster children in Iowa. The strategies address educational assessment, educational advocacy, and working with teachers to make sure educational supports are provided. 5 references.

Title: Older Youth and Adoption: Adopting Teen-friendly Practice.
Author(s): Kelly, David P.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: ABA Child Law Practice
v. 27, 2, April 2008, p. 1, 22-24
Available from: ABA Center on Children and the Law
http://www.abanet.org/child
740 15th Street, NW

Washington, DC 20005
Abstract: This article discusses barriers to older youth adoption, and strategies children's attorneys can use to avoid common pitfalls and push child welfare agencies to identify adoptive resources and counsel youth on their options. It addresses common explanations that there are no adoptive resources and that youth are unwilling to be adopted, the goals of Another Planned Permanency Living Arrangement (APPLA), and ways to encourage teen adoption and concurrent planning. 7 references.

Title: Parenting the Custodial Grandchild: Implications For Clinical Practice.
Author(s): Hayslip, Bert.;Kaminski, Patricia.
Published: 2008
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: Designed for family counselors, mental health practitioners, social service providers, and other professionals, this text focuses on grandparents' efforts at parenting their grandchildren and the nature of these interactions. It presents empirical data on parenting grandparents and offers suggestions for therapists who are treating grandparent-grandchild dyads and their families. The first section of the book deals with intergenerational relationships. Chapters explore ambivalence and coping among custodial grandparents, the adjustment of children and grandparent caregivers in grandparent-headed families, mentally healthy grandparents' impact on their grandchildren's behavior, the impact of grandchildren's difficulties and strengths on the mental health of their grandparents, and strategies for promoting the health of grandmothers parenting young children. The second section targets issues specific to parenting among custodial grandparents, including grandparents' concerns about their parenting skills and their relationship with their grandchildren, personal and social issues faced by custodial grandparents, how grandparents' parenting skills are seen by age peers, the effectiveness of parenting practices of custodial grandparents, the impact of grandparents' parenting skills on the social and personal adjustment of their grandchildren, and implementing parenting programs for custodial grandparents. The final section focuses on clinicians' experiences with a variety of intervention techniques targeting the adjustment and well-being of both grandparents and grandchildren. Using both case study and family systems approaches, chapters describe a framework for examining the losses and gains experienced by grandparents raising grandchildren, guidelines to follow in counseling grandfamilies, unique difficulties faced by grandchildren and how they are best resolved by clinicians, strengths grandfamilies bring to caregiving, and effective strategies for helping grandchildren achieve in school. Numerous references.

Title: A Comparison of Types of Attorney Representation for Children in California Juvenile Court Dependency Cases.
Author(s): Goodman, Gail S.;Edelstein, Robin S.;Mitchell, Emilie B.;Myers, John E.B.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal.
v. 32, 4, April 2008, p. 497-501
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Objective--The present study concerns types of attorney representation for maltreated children involved in juvenile court actions in the state of California. The aims of the research were to document the different types of representation used in dependency cases in 2000 (e.g., public defender, District Attorney, private firms) and to evaluate these types of representation with respect to children's experiences in foster care.

Methods--Every county in California was surveyed about the predominant type of legal representation used in their dependency court system. In addition, data on children's experiences in foster care were obtained from the Child Welfare System/Child Management System (CWS/CMS).

Results--Findings indicate that, in the majority of counties in California, children were represented by the public defender's office or by a panel of court-appointed attorneys. Approximately equal numbers of counties employed county-affiliated (i.e., District Attorney, public defender, county counsel) and independent (i.e., private firm, panel of court-appointed attorneys) types of representation (47% and 52%, respectively). Further analyses suggested that children in counties employing independent types of representation tended to experience fewer foster-care placements than did children in counties employing county-affiliated types of representation. This relation remained significant when potentially confounding variables were statistically controlled.

Conclusion--Results indicated that some types of representation, specifically, private firms and court-appointed attorneys, were associated with one better outcome for children. (Author abstract)

Title: 2008 State Fact Sheets [Website] / Child Welfare League of America.
Published: 2008
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Document available online at: http://www.cwla.org/advocacy/statefactsheets/statefactsheets08.htm
Abstract: The State Fact Sheets provide descriptive information on the condition of vulnerable children in all fifty states and the District of Columbia, using indicators of child protection, health, child care, education, and income support. (Author abstract)

Title: 2008 Fact Sheet: Improving Health Care of Children in Foster Care: An Ongoing Collaboration.
Published: 2008
Available from: Committee on Ways & Means, U.S. House of Representatives
http://waysandmeans.house.gov/
1102 Longworth House Office Building
Washington, DC 20515
Printable version (PDF): http://waysandmeans.house.gov/media/pdf/110/thompson.pdf
Abstract: This fact sheet discusses the health and mental health challenges faced by foster youth and the collaboration between the Washington State Health and Recovery Services Administration (HRSA) and the Children's Administration (CA) to promote the healthy development of children in foster care. Initiatives include: the creation of three regional centers for foster care health in Spokane, Longview, and Seattle that will link children to medical homes, provide education for primary care providers, and refer to specialty care as needed, including mental health care; funding of a foster care nurse hotline; allowing CA staff access to claims-based reports of health service use by children in foster care; using phone consultation and Web-based training to educate primary care providers about behavioral health issues and concerns in foster care; paying for 20 mental health visits rather than 12 per year for children in both fee-for-service and Healthy Options Medicaid programs; improving dialogue between providers and health-care administrators; and integrating the Medicaid pharmacy benefit with mental health contractors to set quality and safety standards.

Title: Getting Solid: A Youth's Guide to Permanence.
Author(s): Bodner, Celeste.;Tuhy, Denise.;Wendt, Meagan.;Knapp, Dan.;Crowe, Kathi.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Resource Center for Youth Services
http://www.nrcys.ou.edu/
4502 E. 41st St., Bldg. 4W
Tulsa, OK 74135-2512
Abstract: This guide helps young people understand and prepare for permanency by providing: a youth friendly format, youth perspectives about permanence, interactive worksheets, ideas and questions to inspire discussion, information regarding permanence options, and discussion about the advantages gained through permanent relationships. (Author abstract)

Title: From Private to Public: Paying Grandparents as Caregivers. (Chapter 2 in Raising Children: Emerging Needs, Modern Risks, and Social Responses.)
Author(s): Berrick, Jill Duerr.;
Published: 2008
Available from: Oxford University Press
http://www.oup.com/us/
198 Madison Ave.
New York, NY 10016-4314
Abstract: This chapter examines four domains of social policy where kin care dominates: foster care, welfare, guardianship, and child care. Taking a critical perspective on current developments in these areas, it analyzes the limits and benefits of the shifts from private to public involvement. The final section raises questions about the appropriate role for government in supporting extended families. 1 table and 63 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Barriers to Adjustment: Strategies to Ease the Transition. (Chapter 7 in The Whole Life Adoption Book: Realistic Advice for Building a Healthy Adoptive Family.)
Author(s): Schooler, Jayne E.;Atwood, Thomas.
Published: 2008
Available from: NavPress
http://www.navpress.com/
P.O. Box 35001
Colorado Springs, CO 80935
Abstract: This chapter presents an overview of the initial barriers to adoption adjustment and gives suggestions for how parents can cope. Strategies are discussed for gathering information about the child, dealing with the child's separation and loss, preparing a child for adoption, preparing for cultural differences, and coping with unmet parental needs and unmatched expectations, marital problems, reordered family systems, and incomplete resolution of loss. The chapter concludes with questions for small group discussions. 6 references.

Title: Children in Foster Care: Prevention and Treatment of Mental Health Problems. (Chapter 10 in Family Influences on Childhood Behavior and Development: Evidence-Based Prevention and Treatment Approaches.)
Author(s): Plant, Robert W.;Siegel, Lesley.
Published: 2008
Available from: Routledge -- Taylor and Francis Group
http://www.routledge.com
7625 Empire Drive
Florence, KY 41042
Abstract: The prevalence of mental health problems in children entering foster care is discussed and biological and genetic factors that impact their mental health are reviewed. Individual, family, and community factors influencing risk and resiliency are then considered, as well as evidence-based treatment interventions, psychopharmacology recommendations, strategies for preventing the mental health problems of children in foster care, and recommended best practices for clinicians. 1 figure and 70 references.

Title: How Do We Feel About Adoption? Understanding the Different Perspectives of Parents and Children. (Chapter 10 in The Whole Life Adoption Book: Realistic Advice for Building a Healthy Adoptive Family.)
Author(s): Schooler, Jayne E.;Atwood, Thomas.
Published: 2008
Available from: NavPress
http://www.navpress.com/
P.O. Box 35001
Colorado Springs, CO 80935
Abstract: This chapter describes how children perceive their adoption at different developmental stages, including ages 3-5, ages 6-8, ages 9-12, and in early and later adolescence. Strategies parents can employ to help their children through these stages are discussed, and parent perspectives about adoption are explored. The chapter concludes with questions for small group discussions. 9 references.

Title: Talking to Children About Adoption: When and How. (Chapter 11 in The Whole Life Adoption Book: Realistic Advice for Building a Healthy Adoptive Family.)
Author(s): Schooler, Jayne E.;Atwood, Thomas.
Published: 2008
Available from: NavPress
http://www.navpress.com/
P.O. Box 35001
Colorado Springs, CO 80935
Abstract: Reasons why parents struggle with talking about adoption are examined and principles in talking to children about adoption and their past are provided. Recommendations are also discussed for creating an environment where questions can be asked and answered, addressing sensitive issues, and helping the memories of a child heal. The development of a life book to help children understand their past is explained. The chapter concludes with questions for small group discussions. 12 references.

Title: Foster Care Adoption: Facts and Figures.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Adoption Day
http://www.nationaladoptionday.org
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nationaladoptionday.org/2008/toolkits/FactSheets/FosterFacts_2008.pdf
Abstract: Includes statistics on who are the waiting children and what happens to them, and who adopts from foster care.

Title: Searching for a Past: Why Adopted Children Seek Their Roots and How Parents Can Respond. (Chapter 13 in The Whole Life Adoption Book: Realistic Advice for Building a Healthy Adoptive Family.)
Author(s): Schooler, Jayne E.;Atwood, Thomas.
Published: 2008
Available from: NavPress
http://www.navpress.com/
P.O. Box 35001
Colorado Springs, CO 80935
Abstract: Reasons why adopted children search for their biological parents are discussed and include the need for medical history and information, for more information and communication, to find out why they look and act like they do, to find their genetic family tree, to connect, and to forgive. Possible outcomes as a result of the search are explored, and strategies that parents can use to respond to the need to search are discussed. The chapter concludes with questions for small group discussions. 12 references.

Title: After Adoption. (Chapter 8 in Adoption in the United States: A Reference for Families, Professionals and Students.)
Author(s): Henry, Martha J.;Pollack, Daniel.
Published: 2008
Available from: Lyceum Books, Inc.
http://www.lyceumbooks.com/
5758 S. Blackstone
Chicago, IL 60637
Abstract: This chapter focuses on issues and considerations for families following an adoption. It discusses children's development and understanding of adoption from infancy to age 4, ages 8-11, and in adolescence. Tips are provided for talking to children about adoption, and information is given on post-adoption support and services, working with schools and teachers to adapt lessons about families and genetics, and multicultural adoptive families. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act that requires special education services be provided to children with disabilities is also explained.

Title: Implementing Parenting Programs for Custodial Grandparents. (Chapter 8 in Parenting the Custodial Grandchild: Implications For Clinical Practice.)
Author(s): Campbell, Lenora.;Miles, Margaret Shandor.
Published: 2008
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: This chapter presents an overview of some of the challenges faced by custodial grandparents, and identifies key issues important in developing parenting interventions that meet the needs of grandparents. The experiences of a community-based grandparenting program are also described. 40 references.

Title: The Experience of Adoption (2): The Association Between Communicative Openness and Self-Esteem in Adoption.
Author(s): Beckett, Celia.;Castle, Jenny.;Groothues, Christine.;Hawkins, Amanda.;Sonuga-Barke, Edmund.;Colvert, Emma.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Adoption and Fostering.
v. 32, 1, Spring 2008, p. 29-39
Available from: British Association for Adoption & Fostering (BAAF)
http://www.baaf.org.uk/
Skyline House, 200 Union Street
London SE1 0LX
Abstract: A study of the views of two groups of 11-year old adopted children (one adopted as babies within the UK, n = 47, the other adopted in Romania, aged between two and 43 months, n = 133) indicates that parents underestimate the difficulty that their children have in talking about adoption. Children who found this harder experienced lower self-esteem at age 11 and were also more likely to feel different from their adoptive families, and both these factors were related to the individual child's level of behavioral or cognitive difficulties. Children in the Romanian sample who had another adopted sibling found it easier to talk about their adoption. In summary, the ease with which can talk about adoption does appear to be associated with higher self-esteem and the individual child's difficulties, as well as family composition. This article by Celia Beckett, Jenny Castle, Christine Groothues, Amanda Hawkins, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, Emma Colvert, Jana Kreppner, Suzanne Stevens and Michael Rutter follows 'The Experience of Adoption (1)' (Hawkins et al, 2007), which explored intercountry and domestic adoption from the child's point of view. (Author abstract)

Title: Making Room in the Family: Unique Challenges Adoptive Parents Must Face. (Chapter 1 in The Whole Life Adoption Book: Realistic Advice for Building a Healthy Adoptive Family.)
Author(s): Schooler, Jayne E.;Atwood, Thomas.
Published: 2008
Available from: NavPress
http://www.navpress.com/
P.O. Box 35001
Colorado Springs, CO 80935
Abstract: This chapter begins by providing a list of questions prospective adoption parents should consider when deciding to adopt. Reasons for adoption are then reviewed, as well as the unique tasks of adoptive parenting. Tasks include: learning the delicate balance between denying the difference in the nurturing process and acknowledging it by communicating to the child about his or her past, developing an environment that communicates belonging, finding out about a child's genetic potential and history, and facing feelings about birthfamilies and cultural and racial ties. The chapter concludes with questions for small group discussions. 4 references.

Title: What Builds Healthy Adoptive Families: Six Critical Success Factors. (Chapter 5 in The Whole Life Adoption Book: Realistic Advice for Building a Healthy Adoptive Family.)
Author(s): Schooler, Jayne E.;Atwood, Thomas.
Published: 2008
Available from: NavPress
http://www.navpress.com/
P.O. Box 35001
Colorado Springs, CO 80935
Abstract: Six critical factors for creating a successful adoptive family are discussed, and include: parents have explored their motivations and expectations for adoption an open and healthy manner and are in agreement, parents demonstrate stability and quality in their interpersonal relationships, parents demonstrate flexibility and openness in the family system, parents know the importance of creating a family environment that openly acknowledges and communicates about adoption, parents understand the core issues of adoption that may affect their child and the triggers that may create crisis, and parents understand that adoption is a lifetime commitment and maintain that commitment through difficult times. The chapter concludes with questions for small group discussions. 20 references.

Title: Developing a Supportive Adoption Environment: How to Prepare Biological Children, Family, and Friends. (Chapter 6 in The Whole Life Adoption Book: Realistic Advice for Building a Healthy Adoptive Family.)
Author(s): Schooler, Jayne E.;Atwood, Thomas.
Published: 2008
Available from: NavPress
http://www.navpress.com/
P.O. Box 35001
Colorado Springs, CO 80935
Abstract: Potential post-adoptive challenges for families are reviewed, including challenges for children already in the home. These challenges include issues relating to changing the birth order, witnessing distress and anger when the family struggles, new behavioral management techniques, believing their feelings don't matter, feeling tricked into supporting the adoption, witnessing parental regret about the adoption, and feeling invisible after the adoption of a child with special needs. Potential strategies for mitigating these challenges are discussed, as well as techniques for gaining support from the extended family for the adoption and responding to community perspectives. The chapter concludes with questions for small group discussions. 14 references.

Title: The Use of Attachment Theory in Adoption and Fostering.
Author(s): Walker, Jim.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Adoption and Fostering.
v. 32, 1, Spring 2008, p. 49-57
Available from: British Association for Adoption & Fostering (BAAF)
http://www.baaf.org.uk/
Skyline House, 200 Union Street
London SE1 0LX
Abstract: Jim Walker explores the relevance of attachment theory to fostering and adoption. He begins by focusing on three important qualities for substitute carers: the ability to manage a wide range of feelings, both in oneself and in others; the resolution of past losses and traumas; and the acquisition of reflective function. Emphasis is then paid to gaining an understanding of the attachment patterns of both children and potential substitute carers. Current ideas from attachment theory can help to inform both the selection of substitute carers and the needs and vulnerabilities of looked after children. Ways of matching the child with the carers are discussed, including an analysis of particular areas of vulnerability. Further discussion highlights some of the dilemmas which these ideas might create for current social work practice. (Author abstract)

Title: Attachment, Development, and the Impact of Trauma: What Adoptive Parents Need to Know. (Chapter 8 in The Whole Life Adoption Book: Realistic Advice for Building a Healthy Adoptive Family.)
Author(s): Schooler, Jayne E.;Atwood, Thomas.
Published: 2008
Available from: NavPress
http://www.navpress.com/
P.O. Box 35001
Colorado Springs, CO 80935
Abstract: This chapter describes the development of attachment between children and parents, specific aspects of child development that are affected by early attachment experiences, and the impact trauma can have on the attachment of adopted children. Domains of impairment in children exposed to complex trauma are also identified. The chapter concludes with questions for small group discussions. 35 references.

Title: Homes Away From Home: Foster Parents For a New Generation.
Author(s): White, Andrew.;Hurley, Kendra.;Solow, Barbara.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Welfare Watch
v. 16, Summer 2008,
Available from: Milano The New School for Management and Urban Policy
http://www.newschool.edu/milano/
72 Fifth Avenue
New York, NY 10011
Printable version (PDF): http://www.newschool.edu/Milano/nycaffairs/documents/ChildWelfareWatch_Vol16.pdf
Abstract: New York City's foster care system has made significant headway in helping create family homes for young people who once would have spent months or even years in group homes and residential treatment centers. Fewer foster teens -- especially younger teenagers -- are placed in institutions and a fast-growing percentage are moving in with families. But city officials and nonprofit leaders face tremendous challenges in creating effective support systems, crisis teams and training programs that can help foster parents care for these children. This issue of Child Welfare Watch documents how foster parents are adjusting to their increasingly demanding role, and how the system is struggling to meet their needs -- as well as those of the children in their care. (Author abstract)

Title: Young Adults With Serious Mental Illness: Some States and Federal Agencies Are Taking Steps to Address Their Transition Challenges.
Published: 2008
Available from: Government Accountability Office
http://www.gao.gov/
441 G St., NW
Washington, DC 20548
Printable version (PDF): http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08678.pdf
Abstract: The transition to adulthood can be difficult for young adults who suffer from a serious mental illness, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. When these individuals are unsuccessful, the result can be economic hardship, social isolation, and in some cases suicide, all of which can pose substantial costs to society. Due to concerns about young adults with serious mental illness transitioning into adulthood, GAO was asked to provide information on (1) the number of these young adults and their demographic characteristics, (2) the challenges they face, (3) how selected states assist them, and (4) how the federal government supports states in serving these young adults and coordinates programs that can assist them. To do this work, GAO analyzed data based on national surveys, including the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), and administrative data from the Social Security Administration (SSA). GAO also reviewed published research; interviewed federal, state, and local officials, as well as mental health providers, experts, and advocacy groups; and conducted site visits in Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, and Mississippi -- four states that focus on this population. GAO did not make any recommendations. HHS made comments intended to clarify the report and we made changes as appropriate. (Author abstract)

Title: Debunking the Myths: The Facts about Foster Care Adoption.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Adoption Day
http://www.nationaladoptionday.org
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nationaladoptionday.org/2008/toolkits/FactSheets/Myths_2008.pdf
Abstract: A list of myths and facts about adopting children from foster care.

Title: Rewards of Fostering Children with Disabilities.
Author(s): Brown, Jason D.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Family Social Work
v. 11, 1, 2008, p. 36-49
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: A random sample of parents fostering children with disabilities in a major Canadian city was asked "what are the rewards you recieve from fostering a child with a disability?" A total of 57 unique responses were obtained and grouped together by the foster parents. Two statistical analyses were applied to the grouping data: multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis. The results indicated that foster parents felt needed by the children, there were some financial benefits to fostering, they learned from their foster children, they saw the children make progress, they felt that they made a difference, and they had caring relationships with children. (Author abstract)

Title: Creating a Nurturing Family: Giving Our Children What They Need. (Chapter 14 in The Whole Life Adoption Book: Realistic Advice for Building a Healthy Adoptive Family.)
Author(s): Schooler, Jayne E.;Atwood, Thomas.
Published: 2008
Available from: NavPress
http://www.navpress.com/
P.O. Box 35001
Colorado Springs, CO 80935
Abstract: Strategies for developing a nurturing adoptive family are discussed and describe techniques for creating a sense of belonging in adopted children, as well as a sense of authenticity, a sense of dignity, a feeling of being valued, and a sense of being loved unconditionally. The chapter concludes with questions for small group discussions. 7 references.

Title: The Role of the Dependency Court in Achieving Timely Permanency.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Judges' Page Newsletter
July 2008,
Available from: National CASA Association
http://www.casaforchildren.org/
100 W. Harrison
North Tower, Suite 500

Seattle, WA 98119
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nationalcasa.org/download/Judges_Page/0806_judges_page_newsletter_0119.pdf
Abstract: The judge is in a unique position to ensure that all federal and state legal requirements regarding timely permanent placement are being met. Articles in this issue of The Judges' Page address the roles and perspectives of those involved in the court process and provide examples of court-based programs exhibiting innovative practices to expedite permanency for children. (Author abstract)

Title: Promoting Foster Carer Strengths: Suggestions for Strengths-Based Practice.
Author(s): Odel, Tim.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Adoption and Fostering.
v. 32, 1, Spring 2008, p. 19-28
Available from: British Association for Adoption & Fostering (BAAF)
http://www.baaf.org.uk/
Skyline House, 200 Union Street
London SE1 0LX
Abstract: Sixty-eight per cent of looked after children in the UK are in foster care. Children in foster care benefit from continuity. Sometimes, due to worker turnover and workloads, that continuity comes not from a social worker but from a foster carer. Thus, children in foster care can develop significant attachments to their carers, who are likely to have a valuable role to play in long-term planning for a child. A strengths approach to fostering social work places value on the input of carers as experts on a child, but the social work research literature reveals limited information about the use of such an approach in supervising foster carers. This article by Tim Odell builds on recent writing and suggests that the strengths perspective could be of value in working with foster carers, just as it has been in other settings. A case study examines the process of moving on for one child and how social workers and carers worked together to take a creative approach for a child with a history of multiple placements. This case study illustrates elements of a strengths-based approach. Suggestions for further application of such a model with foster carers are made, and areas for further practice research identified. (Author abstract)

Title: Counseling Grandparents Parenting Their Children's Children: Case Studies. (Chapter 13 in Parenting the Custodial Grandchild: Implications For Clinical Practice.)
Author(s): Maiden, Robert J.;Zuckerman, Craig.
Published: 2008
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: This chapter provides guidelines on how to counsel multigenerational families. Specific case histories are examined to illustrate how mental health specialists can work with multigenerational families in achieving effective solutions and symptom relief. In addition, the impact of grandparents as surrogate parents on the quality of mental health and the level of stress is explored, and specific suggestions are offered to reduce intergenerational conflict and to promote increased well being and life satisfaction for both grandchildren and grandparents. 37 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: More Promising Strategies: Recruitment and Retention [Teleconference].
Author(s): Dickinson, Nancy.;Strand, Virginia.;Faller, Kathleen Coulborn.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Child Welfare Resource Center for Organizational Improvement.
http://muskie.usm.maine.edu/helpkids/
Muskie School-USM
P.O. Box 15010
400 Congress Street
Portland, ME 04112-5010
Document available online at: http://tatis.muskie.usm.maine.edu/pubs/pubdetailWtemp.asp?PUB_ID=T052008
Abstract: In this session, teams from three states describe the promising strategies they have used to improve recruitment and retention of child welfare staff. All of these sites have implemented innovative initiatives that have had a positive impact on the child welfare workforce. They have addressed the array of issues that are critical to retaining staff -- targeted and realistic recruitment and screening, strengthening supervision, leadership training, mentoring and organizational development. This session included time for discussion, during which the other grantees and other agencies shared their experience and additional approaches that have been effective. (Author abstract)

Title: Difficulties in the Transition to Adulthood: Using Propensity Scoring to Understand What Makes Foster Youth Vulnerable.
Author(s): Berzin, Stephanie Cosner.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Social Service Review
v. 82, 2, June 2008, p. 171-196
Available from: University of Chicago Press, Journals Division
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/SSR
PO Box 37005
Chicago, IL 60637
Abstract: Research indicates that foster youth approaching adulthood fare poorly on a number of economic and social outcomes. Little is known, however, about whether negative outcomes stem from foster care or risk factors common among youth who have foster care experience. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 and eight distinct matching schemes, this study compares outcomes of foster youth (n=136 ) to those of other youth. These schemes are based on propensity scoring and Mahalanobis matching. Results locate similar outcomes for foster youth and youth matched on preplacement characteristics. Foster youth have more problematic outcomes than do youth in the general sample that is not matched. The results suggest that risk factors, and not foster care itself, contribute to difficulties that occur in the transition to adulthood. These findings must be cautiously interpreted in light of study limitations. (Author abstract)

Title: The Relationship Between Institutional Care and the International Adoption of Children in Europe.
Author(s): Chou, Shihning.;Browne, Kevin.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Adoption and Fostering.
v. 32, 1, Spring 2008, p. 40-48
Available from: British Association for Adoption & Fostering (BAAF)
http://www.baaf.org.uk/
Skyline House, 200 Union Street
London SE1 0LX
Abstract: The study reported by Shihning Chou and Kevin Browne explored the link between institutional care for young children and international adoption, using a survey of 33 European countries. Official figures were available from 25 countries on the proportions of national versus international adoption within their own countries, together with the number of children under three in institutional care. Results indicate an association between international adoption (both incoming and outgoing) and a high number of young children in institutional care. The evidence suggests that, rather than reduce the number of children in institutions, international adoption may contribute to the continuation of this harmful practice. A child rights-based approach to providing alternative care for children separated from their parents is proposed. (Author abstract)

Title: Every Child Matters? A Critical Review of Child Welfare Reforms in the Context of Minority Ethnic Children and Families.
Author(s): Chand, Ashok.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Abuse Review
v. 17, 1, January-February 2008, p. 6-22
Available from: Wiley Interscience.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: This paper critically reviews some key government papers that together largely provide the foundation for the relevant child welfare reforms in England and Wales. The context of this review was to evaluate whether these papers and documents made sufficient reference to improving policies and practices for minority ethnic children and families involved in child welfare matters, given the research evidence from the early 1990s suggesting that such families may experience particular disadvantages or discriminations within the UK child welfare system. The research evidence cited draws upon studies that have considered the experiences of different minority ethnic groups from the point of referrals through to long term services, including those children who have been looked after in local authority care and those families that have been subject to care proceedings. This paper concludes that more is needed under the Every Child Matters agenda to both acknowledge and address the specific needs of minority ethnic children and their families, as identified in the range of studies published post Children Act 1989. (Author abstract)

Title: Issues and Promising Strategies: Recruitment and Retention [Teleconference].
Author(s): Bernotavicz, Freda.;Potter, Cathryn.;Berg, Mary.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Child Welfare Resource Center for Organizational Improvement.
http://muskie.usm.maine.edu/helpkids/
Muskie School-USM
P.O. Box 15010
400 Congress Street
Portland, ME 04112-5010
Document available online at: http://tatis.muskie.usm.maine.edu/pubs/pubdetailWtemp.asp?PUB_ID=T042908
Abstract: In 2003, recognizing the impact of workforce issues on outcomes for children and families, the Children's Bureau funded eight five-year projects to develop models of effective child welfare staff recruitment and retention. This series features information from those projects. In this first session, presenters provide data on national trends in the child welfare workforce and the multiple costs of workforce issues for agencies, children and families. They also provide an overview of promising strategies developed by the grantees to improve recruitment, selection and retention. A child welfare administrator who has taken a comprehensive approach to addressing workforce issues discusses the steps taken and the difference this has made in a Colorado county. (Author abstract)

Title: Transracial Parenting in Foster Care and Adoption: Strengthening Your Bicultural Family.
Published: 2008
Available from: Iowa Foster and Adoptive Parents Association
http://www.ifapa.org/
6864 NE 14th St., Suite 5

Ankeny, IA 50023
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ifapa.org/pdf_docs/TransracialParenting.pdf
Abstract: This guidebook was created to help parents and children in transracial homes learn how to thrive in and celebrate their bicultural family; and for children to gain a strong sense of racial identity and cultural connections. (Author abstract)

Title: SIJS Caseworker's Toolkit for Children in Federal Custody [Website].
Published: 2008
Available from: Bridging Refugee Youth and Children's Services
http://www.brycs.org/
c/o U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops
3211 4th St., NE
Washington, DC 20017
Document available online at: http://www.brycs.org/sijs/
Abstract: These materials were primarily developed for foster care caseworkers assisting children in the federal custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement's Division of Unaccompanied Children's Services (ORR/DUCS), to ensure that Special Immigrant Juvenile Status (SIJS)-eligible children receive the assistance and case monitoring they need during the SIJS application process.

Title: Educational Outcomes for Children and Youth in Foster and Out-of-Home Care. Fact Sheet.
Published: 2007
Available from: Legal Center for Foster Care and Education
http://www.abanet.org/child/education/home.shtml
American Bar Association, Center on Children and the Law
740 15th Street, NW.
Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://www.abanet.org/child/education/National%5fEdFactSheet%5f2008.pdf
Abstract: This fact sheet draws on national and State data on foster children to provide statistics on the educational outcomes of children in care. Data is given on: the demographics of children in foster care; school mobility rates, including the negative effects of mobility, suspension and expulsion rates, and enrollment rates; academic outcomes and grade retention; the number of foster youth receiving special education services and advocacy services provided to them; mental, behavioral, and emotional problems; high school completion rates and factors contributing to dropping out; postsecondary preparation, entrance, and completion; social and economic issues; supportive factors that help youth achieve academically, including receiving foster care services beyond age 18, social support, and existence of educational advocates; and the impact of early childhood intervention services. 76 references.

Title: Children of Incarerated Parents.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Virginia child protection newsletter.
v. 81, Winter 2007, p. 1-24
Available from: James Madison University
http://psychweb.cisat.jmu.edu/graysojh/
School of Psychology, MSC 7401
800 S. Main Street
Harrisonburg, VA 22807
Printable version (PDF): http://psychweb.cisat.jmu.edu/graysojh/volume%2081.pdf
Abstract: This newsletter provides information on the number of children with incarcerated parents, the impact of the incarceration, and intervention strategies. It begins with statistics on the incidence of children with incarcerated parents and a discussion of the risks children face when their parents are incarcerated. Feelings children experience are described, as well as factors that promote resiliency. Information is then provided on goals for interventions and supports for children whose parents are incarcerated. Recommended practices are discussed for arrest practices, child placement, sentencing considerations, programs for incarcerated parents, and visitation programs. Programs for children in their communities are also spotlighted, including mentoring programs and children's groups. Stresses associated with reunification are explored and collaborative efforts between faith-based organizations and secular agencies to provide effective models and programs for inmates and their children are noted. The newsletter concludes with a summary of research findings that indicates interventions for children of incarcerated parents need to support the whole family. Additional information is provided on the All God's Children Camp provided by the Virginia Conference United Methodist Church for children of incarcerated parents, the Mothers Inside Loving Kids parenting education program, and other Virginia programs and initiatives to assist prisoners and their families.

Title: Confidentiality: Foster Parent's Guide: Putting the Pieces Together.
Published: 2007
Available from: Foster Care and Adoption Resource Center
http://www.wifostercareandadoption.org/
6682 West Greenfield Suite 310
West Allis, WI 53214
Document available online at: http://www.wifostercareandadoption.org/library/377/confidentiality%20august%202007.doc
Abstract: Understanding and upholding Wisconsin's confidentiality laws are some of the most complex issues foster parents face. These laws are intended to protect the privacy of foster children and their birth families, and in turn, create a relationship for foster families, birth families, foster children, and other involved individuals that is based on trust and respect. The purpose of this guide is to: Explain and clarify confidentiality laws pertaining to foster parents; Educate foster parents and respite providers; Address different types of situations that commonly arise in Foster Care; and Establish and encourage Best Practices. (Author abstract)

Title: Guía de adopción de la ciudad de nueva york para padres de crianza (New York City Foster Parent's Guide to Adoption)
Author(s): Marsh, Lisa C.;Roberts, Calvin.
Published: 2007
Available from: New York State Office of Children and Family Services
http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us
Capital View Office Park
52 Washington Street

Rensselaer, NY 12144-2796
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us/main/publications/Pub5022-S.pdf
Abstract: In New York State, many of the children in foster care who have a goal of adoption are adopted by their foster parent(s). This guide was written to assist the adoption process for these children so that they are able to find permanent, stable homes.

Esta guía está diseñada para los padres adoptivos en el estado de Nueva York que están pensado adoptar a un niño bajo su cuidado de manera permanente. A estos padres también se les conoce como padres de crianza.

Title: Every Child Deserves A Permanent Family: Subsidized Guardianship as a Common Sense Solution for Children in Long-Term Relative Foster Care.
Published: 2007
Available from: Generations United
http://ipath.gu.org/
1331 H Street NW, Suite 900

Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://ipath.gu.org/documents/A0/All_Children_Latino_English_w_rev.pdf
Abstract: This report features new data on the number of Latino children in foster care and in relative care. The report shows that federal subsidized guardianship for relatives of children for whom reunification with their parents or adoption is not possible is a practical way to create safe, permanent and loving families for children in foster care. Subsidizing guardianship would provide legal guardians with access to supports and services comparable to that received by adoptive families. (Author abstract)

Title: Recruitment and Retention of Staff in the Child Welfare System [Teleconference].
Published: 2007
Available from: National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp
Hunter College School of Social Work
129 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10065
Document available online at: http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/teleconferences/index.html#randrstaff
Abstract: The NRCFCPPP and the Child Welfare League of America sponsored a teleconference for state foster care and adoption managers. Audio of the call as well as handouts are available here.

Title: Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: What To Do The Second Time Around: A Self-Learning Resource From MSU Extension.
Author(s): Bailey, Sandra J.
Published: 2007
Available from: MSU Extension
http://msuextension.org/
Montana State University, P.O. Box 172230
Bozeman, MT 59717-2230
Printable version (PDF): http://msuextension.org/publications/HomeHealthandFamily/MT200706HR.pdf
Abstract: This guide answers many of the common questions grandparents and other relative caregivers have when they are faced with parenting a second time around. (Author abstract)

Title: Destination Future 2006: National Youth Leadership Conference Report.
Author(s): Peck, Robert W., Jr.;Newman, Ann.
Published: 2007
Available from: National Resource Center for Youth Services
http://www.nrcys.ou.edu
Schusterman Center;4502 E. 41st St., Bldg. 4W
Tulsa, OK 74135-2512
Abstract: This report summarizes the proceedings of the annual Destination Future youth leadership conference held on August 11-13, 2006. The 336 participants at the conference were youth ages 16-20, and their adult sponsors, consisting of social workers, foster parents, youth workers, and volunteers. While at the conference, youth were presented with small group sessions, keynote speakers, and entertainment. The conference focused on improving the child welfare system through youth involvement. Findings from the small discussion groups are presented and address: challenges to involving youth in the Child and Family Services Review, barriers foster youth face that impede academic achievement, challenges to succeeding when pursing post-secondary education, challenges for involving youth in their own case plan, concerns of young people transitioning into adulthood, and challenges youth face when they are involved in court reviews, developing permanent connections, involved in training staff and resource families, involved in service learning or community activities, staying connected with family members, dealing with mental health issues and treatment, and preventing teen pregnancy. Youth perspectives on each topic are provided, along with suggested strategies. Findings from a survey of 160 youth that participated in the conference are also shared and address contact with biological families, social supports, and feelings regarding adoption.

Title: Talking About Youth Transitions.
Published: 2007
Available from: Youth Transition Funders Group
http://www.ytfg.org/
207 E. Ohio Street, #392
Chicago, IL 60611
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ytfg.org/documents/TalkingaboutYouthTransitions.pdf
Abstract: This report is designed to provide professionals with concrete tools to use to communicate about youth-transition issues in an effective and inclusive way. Information was drawn from a perceptual survey of both grant makers and field practitioners, an audit of how the news media cover issues related to youth at risk, a review of previous Connect for Kids framing and messaging work, a review of common language used by organizations dealing with the issues of youth transition, and an analysis of current messaging around issues of youth transition. The report begins by discussing the audiences targeted by advocates of youth-transition issues: policy-makers, people who influence policy-makers, and the media. Part 1 then provides information on: criteria for selecting messengers, framing the message using the values of fairness and responsibility, positioning youth transition issues, criteria for effective messages, and recommended youth transition messages. Part 2 of the report reviews outlets for messages, people to target messages to, key terms, strategies for media interviews, strategies for ensuring coverage, tips for pitching a story, and strategies for holding events.

Title: The Pursuit of Permanence: A Study of the English Child Care System.
Author(s): Sinclair, Ian.;Baker, Claire.;Lee, Jenny.;Gibbs, Ian.
Published: 2007
Available from: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
http://www.jkp.com
400 Market St.
Suite 400
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Based on a study of the English care system, this book examines the experiences of children in public care, their movement into and out of the care system, the nature and quality of their placement and their outcomes. The study took place in 13 councils in England: 4 county councils, 2 unitary councils, and 4 London and 3 metropolitan boroughs. The research focused on all children who had been looked after between May 2003 and June 2004, and included data on 7,399 children. Following an introductory chapter that explains the methodology of the study, Chapters 2, 3, and 4 explore the characteristics of the children and families, and the impact on their chances of permanence. Chapter 5 discusses the speed with which children are divided into those who go home and those who do not and about the destinations of those who leave the system. Chapter 6 considers the differences between children who follow different paths, and Chapter 7 discusses the practice around these decisions. Chapters 8, 9, and 10 focus on the care system itself. Case studies are presented to illustrate how key decisions are made on children in care, and chapters discuss how one placement leads to another, the different ways children who are not going home adapted to the care system, and reasons why some of these children seem happier and more settled than others. The next five chapters are about outcomes and the possible reasons for them. Chapters 11, 12, and 13 are about the possible effects of different kinds and quality of placement on outcomes, and Chapter 15 explores how councils might be able to ensure effective practice. A final chapter concludes with suggestions about how the care system should work, what it should offer, and how it should be managed and inspected. 34 figures, 79 tables, and 66 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Processes That Contribute to Resilience Among Youth in Foster Care.
Author(s): Drapeau, Sylvie.;Saint-Jacques, Marie-Christine.;Lépine, Rachel.;Bégin, Gilles.;Bernard, Martine.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Journal of Adolescence
v. 30, 6, December 2007, p. 977-999
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: The objective of this qualitative research is to better understand the processes that contribute to resilience among adolescents in foster care. Twelve boys and girls (X=15.9 years), identified as resilient, participated in this study. The mean duration of the teenagers' placement is 7.3 years. The results point to three types of turning points: action, relation and reflection. Four processes, directly or indirectly linked to the turning point, have also been identified: increase in perceived self-efficacy, distancing oneself from the risks, new opportunities, and the multiplication of benefits. (Author abstract)

Title: Children of HIV-Infected Parents: Custody Status in a Nationally Representative Sample.
Author(s): Cowgill, Burton O.;Beckett, Megan K.;Corona, Rosalie.;Elliott, Marc N.;Zhou, Annie J.;Schuster, Mark A.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Pediatrics
v. 120, 3, September 2007, p. e494-e503
Available from: American Academy of Pediatrics
http://www.aap.org
141 Northwest Point Boulevard
Elk Grove, IL 60007-1098
Document available online at: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/120/3/e494
Printable version (PDF): http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/120/3/e494
Abstract: OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to determine the rates and predictors of custody status for children of HIV-infected parents. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS. Data came from interviews of 538 parents with 1017 children (0-17 years old) from a nationally representative sample of HIV-infected adults receiving health care in the United States. Outcomes were collected at 2 survey waves and included child custody status and who, other than the HIV-infected parent, had custody of the child. Child custody status was categorized as (1) in custody of HIV-infected parent at both survey waves, (2) infected parent had custody at first survey wave but not second survey wave, (3) not in custody of infected parent at either survey wave, and (4) infected parent gained custody between survey waves. Potential custodians included (1) other biological parent, (2) state, foster, or adoptive parent, (3) grandparent, and (4) relative, friend, nonbiological parent, or other. Multinomial logistic regression modeled both outcomes. RESULTS. Forty-seven percent of the children were in the custody of their HIV-infected parent at both survey waves, 4% were in the parent's custody at the first but not second survey wave, 42% were not in custody at either survey wave, and the parent of 7% gained custody between survey waves. Parents cited drug use (62%) and financial hardship (27%) as reasons for losing custody. Children of HIV-infected fathers, older parents, parents living without other adults, parents with low CD4 counts, drug-using parents, and parents with ≥1 hospital stay were less likely to be in their parent's custody at either survey wave. CONCLUSIONS. More than half of the children were not in custody of their HIV-infected parent at some time during the study period. Pediatricians and others taking care of children with HIV-infected parents may be able to offer counseling or referrals to assist parents with child custody issues. (Author abstract)

Title: Improving Health Care for Children in Foster Care.
Published: 2007
Available from: Iowa Department of Human Services
http://www.dhs.iowa.gov/
Hoover State Office Building
1305 E. Walnut
Des Moines, IA 50319
Printable version (PDF): http://www.dhs.state.ia.us/docs/03.08-Improving_Care_for_Children_in_Foster_Care.pdf
Abstract: This practice bulletin discusses strategies child welfare caseworkers can implement to meet the physical, medical, and dental needs of foster children. The importance of assessing the health of foster children is emphasized, and practice tips are provided for accessing health information, ensuring a comprehensive check-up, improving performance on meeting the health and dental needs of foster children, and providing a continuity of medical information for foster children. A list of additional resources is given. 2 references.

Title: Evacuation Form for DFPS Foster Parents, Kinship Caregivers and CPS Residential Contractors.
Published: 2007
Available from: Texas Department of Family and Protective Services
http://www.dfps.state.tx.us/
701 W. 51st Street
Austin, TX 78751
Document available online at: http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.aspx?sm=SglSjQBtzJLyq0fAbHwT9A_3d_3d
Abstract: DFPS Foster Parents should complete this web form providing their evacuation destination in an emergency.

Title: First Steps for Strengthening Adoptive Families: Tools and Techniques for Meeting the Needs of Your Adopted Child [DVD].
Published: 2007
Available from: Family Attachment and Counseling Center of Minnesota.
http://www.familyattachment.com/index.html
18322-C Minnetonka Blvd.

Deephaven, MI 55391
Abstract: This 5-hour, 20-minute, 2-DVD set presents a training program to help adoptive parents and professionals understand the importance of attachment in the context of the adoptive relationship, learn ways to strengthen adoptive parent-child relationships, and learn tools and techniques to manage anxiety, improve behavior, reduce fears, and increase self-esteem. It also highlights the use of narratives to help adopted children. The first section explains the importance of attachment, attunement, and regulation, includes questions to help parents and professionals understand a child's perspective, and provides tools parents can use, including play techniques, school interaction essentials, and ideas to organize the home and family activities to help children manage anxiety. The following section describes the development of Family Attachment Narrative Therapy, a methodology that uses narratives (stories) told by parents to promote healing and improve attachment. The final section describes how four types of narratives-- claiming, developmental, successful child, and trauma-- can help children recover from past wounds, teach new behaviors, and strengthen bonds within a family. The DVD features video clips of families sharing their experiences with their adopted children, and includes more than two hours of video clips from actual therapy sessions of families using Family Attachment Narrative Therapy and telling stories to their child. There are a total of eight video examples, including two for each narrative type. (Author abstract modified)

Title: The Effect of Placement Instability on Adopted Children's Inhibitory Control Abilities and Oppositional Behavior.
Author(s): Lewis, Erin E.;Dozier, Mary.;Ackerman, John.;Sepulveda-Kozakowski, Sandra.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Developmental Psychology
v. 43, 6, November 2007, p. 1415-1427
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: This study assessed relations among placement instability, inhibitory control, and caregiver-rated child behavior. The sample included 33 adopted children who had experienced placement instability, 42 adopted children who had experienced 1 stable placement, and 27 children never placed in foster care. Five- and 6-year-old children completed the day-night task, which requires children to inhibit a prepotent response, and a control task that presents similar memory demands but does not require inhibition (C. L. Gerstadt, Y. J. Hong, & A. Diamond, 1994). Adopted children who had experienced placement instability performed worse on the inhibition task than did both other groups of children, when the authors controlled for age, verbal intelligence (as measured with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised; D. Wechsler, 1989; or the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Third Edition; L. M. Dunn & L. M. Dunn, 1997), and control task performance (p < .01). Children who had experienced placement instability were also rated on the Child Behavior Checklist as more oppositional than other children (p < .01; T. M. Achenbach & L. A. Rescorla, 2000). Inhibitory control did not mediate the association between placement instability and oppositional behavior (p > .05). These results suggest that placement instability may adversely affect the social-emotional development of adopted children. (Author abstract)

Title: Moving Young Children From Institutions to Family Based Care: Training and Information Pack on Deinstitutionalizing Children (TIPDOC) [Website].
Published: 2007
Available from: Centre for Forensic and Family Psychology
http://psg275.bham.ac.uk/forensic_centre/index.htm
School of Psychology
University of Birmingham
Edgbaston
Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom
Document available online at: http://tipdoc.info/
Abstract: This website highlights the EU Daphne project, a project focusing on deinstitutionalizing children under the age of three in European countries. The project aims to disseminate findings from two previous EU Daphne projects: the 2003 survey of 33 European countries that mapped the extent of institutional care for children under the age of three, and an analysis of good practices in deinstitutionalizing children under the age of five in eight European countries (2004). The website presents information on aims and objectives of the EU Daphne project and on a training program that targets professionals in the field of child welfare and key decision-makers. The following 10-step model of good practice in transforming children's services from residential to family based care is described: raising awareness, managing the process, regional level analysis, institution level analysis, design of services, transfer of resources, preparing and moving children, preparing and moving staff, logistics, and monitoring and evaluation. The website also includes training materials that were used in workshops in 11 different European countries, and a list of publications.

Title: Systemic Practice With Kinship Care Families.
Author(s): Ziminski, Jeanne.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Journal of Social Work Practice
v. 21, 2, July 2007, p. 239-250
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This paper highlights the complex conflicts that can exist in the systems that surround children placed in 'kinship care' with grandparents, other relatives or family friends. Systemic ideas are useful in addressing these conflicts by exploring participants' differing perspectives and positions as they are constructed through language. A brief description of a research project with kinship carers and their families leads to a focus on the dilemmas faced by families in the ways that relationships, family ties, and positions of authority are constructed. After exploring a case example the article concludes that welfare services, in particular social services, need to provide a more active and holistic role in these families because of their particular needs. (Author abstract)

Title: Rights and Expectations for Children and Youth in Shelter or Foster Care.
Published: 2007
Available from: Florida Department of Children and Families
http://www.myflorida.com/cf_web/
1317 Winewood Blvd.
Building 1, Room 202

Tallahassee, FL 32399-0700
Printable version (PDF): http://amajn.com/c_fcf/04_reports/DCF_Foster_Rights_BrochureSng-1.pdf
Abstract: This publication is intended to help Florida youth, and child welfare professionals understand the rights of youth in care as well as the Florida Secretary's expectations for performance of his Department.

Title: Foster Parents' Involvement in Authoritative Parenting and Interest in Future Parenting Training.
Author(s): King, Keith A.;Kraemer, Linda K.;Bernard, Amy L.;Vidourek, Rebecca A.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Journal of Child and Family Studies
v. 16, 5, October 2007, p. 606-614
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: We surveyed 191 Southwest Ohio foster parents regarding their involvement in authoritative parenting and interest for additional parenting education. Our results showed that most respondents reported using an authoritative parenting style and were interested in receiving future training. Involvement in authoritative parenting differed significantly based on level of education and number of years as a foster parent. Foster parents with a college degree or higher were significantly more involved in authoritative parenting than foster parents with a high school diploma or less. Those who had been a foster parent for greater than five years were significantly more likely than those who been a foster parent for five years or less to use authoritative parenting and desire future training in authoritative parenting. (Author abstract)

Title: Building Better Lives for Youth Leaving Foster Care.
Published: 2006
Available from: Rhode Island Kids Count
http://www.rikidscount.org
One Union Station
Providence, RI 02903
Printable version (PDF): http://www.rikidscount.org/matriarch/documents/Foster%20Care%20Issue%20Brief.pdf
Abstract: This brief begins by citing statistics on the number of children in out-of-home placements in Rhode Island and the number of youth aging out of foster care 1998-2005. The need for youth to have permanence and lifelong connections is emphasized and the negative consequences of aging out are explored in the areas of: special needs, high school graduation, postsecondary education, employment and financial security, housing and homelessness, early parenthood, health insurance, mental health, and juvenile justice and criminal justice systems. Opportunities for Rhode Island youth in foster care are highlighted, as well as Independent Living Services and supports for foster youth in out-of-home placements. Recommendations are then made for improving the lifelong connections, education, health, employment, housing, and financial security of youth aging out of foster care. 57 references.

Title: An Incredible Journey: A NH Guide to Adoption and Permanency: A Guide to Assist Families with Adoption and Post-Adoption Supports.
Published: 2006
Available from: New Hampshire Foster and Adoptive Parent Association
http://www.nhfapa.org/
PO Box 2802
Concord, NH 03302
Printable version (PDF): http://nhfapa.org/Adoption%20Guide.pdf
Abstract: This guide has been designed to serve as a tool for foster parents, those considering adoption, and those who have adopted, in New Hampshire. Its purpose is to provide information and resources that will support successful permanency for children. We also hope it will assist, inform and advise Community Partners and those Agencies serving youth and families about various permanency options. (Author abstract)

Title: Introducing the Iowa Subsidized Guardianship Waiver Program.
Published: 2006
Available from: Iowa Department of Human Services
http://www.dhs.iowa.gov/
Hoover State Office Building
1305 E. Walnut
Des Moines, IA 50319
Printable version (PDF): http://www.dhs.state.ia.us/policyanalysis/PolicyManualPages/Manual_Documents/Letters/Circular/56Z-472-CFS.pdf
Abstract: This brochure was developed to help prospective guardian families, judges, attorneys, case workers, and other interested parties, to understand the subsidized guardianship waiver program in Iowa. It is to be given out at the time when the caseworker meets with the prospective guardian of a child assigned to the experimental group and upon request from interested parties. (Author abstract)

Title: Recruiting and Training Indian Foster Families (Chapter 6 of Indian Child Welfare Resource Guide).
Published: 2006
Available from: Nevada Division of Child and Family Services (DCFS)
http://dcfs.state.nv.us/
4126 Technology Way, 3rd Floor
Carson City, NV 89706
Printable version (PDF): http://www.dcfs.state.nv.us/ICWAResourceGuideInPDF.pdf
Abstract: This chapter discusses the need for more Native American foster families. It explores reasons for the deficit of Indian families, and suggests strategies for recruiting Native Americans to undergo training to become foster parents. The development of a foster parent curriculum that is culturally relevant to Indian children and families and has been field-tested by the Native American Children and Family Services Training Institute (NACFSTI) is highlighted.

Title: You Don't Have to Be Perfect to Be a Perfect Parent: Adoption Campaign Case Study.
Published: 2006
Available from: The Advertising Council
http://www.adcouncil.org
261 Madison Ave.
New York, NY 10016-2303
Abstract: This booklet discusses the effectiveness of a marketing campaign to recruit adoptive parents. Launched in 2004, the campaign stressed that a parent didn't have to be perfect to be the perfect parent for an older foster child. The development of the campaign is described, along with media outreach training and support, and the development of Recruitment Response Teams to respond to inquiries generated by the campaign. The campaign resulted in more than $58 million in donated media support, 49 press coverage stories in 35 markets, a 238% increase in phone inquiries, and a 42% increase in visitors to the website. More than 22% of families who have contacted AdoptUsKids through the campaign are now working with agencies to complete their home studies to adopt. In addition, the campaigned had helped to inspire more than 2,400 prospective families to contact an agency to start the adoption process by the end of 2005. An additional 6,757 families who had already registered for home studies opted to work through AdoptUsKids to take their next step in the adoption process.

Title: A Guide For Permanency Plan Administrative Review Panel Members.
Published: 2006
Available from: Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services
http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/
1 W. Wilson Street
Madison, WI 53702
Printable version (PDF): http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/children/foster/pdfs/PFS4101.pdf
Abstract: This guide provides information on permanency planning, a process designed to ensure that children who have been removed from their homes are reunited with their families or are placed in another safe, permanent, and stable living situation as quickly as possible. It discusses permanency plans, requirements for the development of a permanency plan, possible permanence goals, and information that must be included in a permanency plan. Additional information is provided on the evaluation of permanency plans and requirements for becoming an Administrative Review Panel Member.

Title: Placement Into Foster Care and the Interplay of Urbanicity, Child Behavior Problems, and Poverty.
Author(s): Barth, Richard P.;Wildfire, Judy.;Green, Rebecca L.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
v. 76, 3, p. 358-366
Available from: American Psychological Association
http://www.apa.org
750 1st St., NE
Washington, DC 20002
Abstract: Child welfare involvement is related to involvement with poverty, but the dimensions of that relationship have not been fully explored. Data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being were used to test the relationship between poverty indicators and placement into foster care. Poverty, ages of children, urban or nonurban settings, and the presence of mental health disorders interact to contribute to placement decisions. In urban areas, poverty is strongly associated with involvement with child welfare services, but children's mental health problems are not. In nonurban areas, children's mental health problems are a far greater contributor to child welfare involvement than poverty. Implications for understanding the dual functions of child welfare placements are provided. Child welfare services continue to address the needs of families with children with substantial behavioral problems--yet, federal child welfare policy includes no recognition of this important role. (Author abstract)

Title: Effects of Therapeutic Interventions for Foster Children on Behavioral Problems, Caregiver Attachment, and Stress Regulatory Neural Systems.
Author(s): Fisher, Philip A.;Gunnar, Megan R.;Dozier, Mary.;Bruce, Jacqueline.;Pears, Katherine C.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
v. 1094, December 2006, p. 215-225
Available from: New York Academy of Sciences
2 E. 63rd St.
New York, NY 10021
Abstract: Young children in foster care are exposed to high levels of stress. These experiences place foster children at risk for poor social, academic, and mental heath outcomes. The role of adverse events in stimulating neurobiological stress responses presumably plays a role in shaping neural systems that contribute to these problems. Systematic and developmentally well-timed interventions might have the potential to change developmental trajectories and promote resilience. Moreover, understanding how specific dimensions of early adversity affect underlying stress response systems and how alterations in these systems are related to later psychosocial outcomes might facilitate more precise and targeted interventions. Data are drawn from two ongoing randomized trials involving foster infants/toddlers and preschoolers. Consistent with prior animal models of early adversity, these studies have shown that early adversity -- particularly neglect, younger age at first foster placement, and higher number of placements - - is associated with altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. The interventions under investigation have produced evidence that it is possible to impact many areas that have been negatively affected by early stress, including HPA axis activity, behavior, and attachment to caregivers. (Author abstract)

Title: Fostering the Future: Strengthening Courts for Children in Foster Care.
Published: 2005
Available from: Pew Commission on Children in Foster Care
http://pewfostercare.org/
2233 Wisconsin Avenue, NW
Suite 535
Washington, DC 20007
Abstract: This 70-minute DVD and companion guide focuses on court recommendations made by the Pew Commission on Children in Foster Care to improve court performance and reform the structure of federal child welfare financing. The DVD begins with an overview of the challenges facing dependency courts and an introduction to the recommendations to enable courts to make better and timelier decisions for their children in their care. Members of the Commission, judicial leaders, parents, foster parents, and children provide their perspectives. In the second segment, the development of the Commission is explained, and segment three provides case studies of three families that represented the types of children who spend time in foster care. Segments 4-8 presents the Commission's recommendations the focus on court performance, courts and agencies working together, strengthening the voices of children and families, and promoting judicial leadership. The final segment acknowledges the participation and guidance of individuals and organizations involved in forming the recommendations. The companion guide describes the role of the courts in child welfare, the recommendations, and steps for planning presentations using the DVD. A glossary of dependency court terms is also included.

Title: Addressing the Educational Needs of Children in Foster Care: A Guide for Judges, Advocates and Child Welfare Professionals.
Author(s): Kaye, Judith S.
Published: 2005
Available from: New York State Permanent Judicial Commission on Justice for Children
140 Grand St., Suite 404
White Plains, NY 10601
Abstract: This guide contains 10 basic questions that everyone involved in foster care cases can ask to spotlight the educational needs of a child and integrate those needs with permanency planning and review. It begins by providing an educational portrait of children in foster care and highlighting their lack of educational achievement, school instability, dropout rate, delays in school enrollment, misplaced records, learning disabilities, and inconsistent advocacy and support from parents or other adults. The questions are then posed that need to be addressed to ensure appropriate educational services and support. The questions address attendance, achievement, placement, school records, learning disabilities, general education support services, special education evaluation and services, the child's educational decision-maker, early childhood education, and transition planning for older youth. Guiding principles for the education of children in foster care are discussed, and federal initiatives designed to meet the educational needs of children in foster care are described. A list of studies on educational outcomes of children in foster care is also provided.

Title: Resource Family Recruitment Plan: A Five Year Commitment for Recruitment and Retention of Resource Families for Special Needs Children, A Public/Private Partnership, 2005-2009.
Published: 2005
Available from: National Foster Parent Association (NFPA)
http://www.nfpaonline.org/
7512 Stanich Lane, Suite 6
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nfpaonline.org/uploads/LA_RESOURCE_5_YEAR.pdf
Abstract: NFPA, with funding from the Stuart Foundation, worked with Los Angeles County to develop this community-based 5-year plan for recruitment of foster parents, particularly for special needs. (Author abstract)

Title: Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: Parenting the Next Generation: A Self-Learning Resource from MSU Extension.
Author(s): Conway, Annie.;Bailey, Sandra J.
Published: 2004
Available from: MSU Extension
http://msuextension.org/
Montana State University, P.O. Box 172230
Bozeman, MT 59717-2230
Printable version (PDF): http://msuextension.org/publications/HomeHealthandFamily/MT200401HR.pdf
Abstract: This publication looks at the background of grandparent-headed families, its challenges and benefits, and discusses resources and support to help make this family form successful in all aspects. (Author abstract)

Title: Stepping Up to Care for a Child: Services and Support for Grandparents and Other Caregivers.
Published: 2004
Available from: Shaening and Associates
http://www.shaening.com/
2319 Old Arroyo Chamiso
Santa Fe, NM 87505
Printable version (PDF): http://www.shaening.com/projectDocs/Stepping%20Up%20to%20Care%20for%20a%20Child%20-%20Services%20and%20Support%20for%20Grandparents%20and%20Other%20Caregivers.pdf
Abstract: Many children and youth in New Mexico are being raised by their grandparents, other relatives, and even family friends. This is often because the parent has a substance abuse or other problem and can't take care of the child. Sometimes it is because the young person is a runaway or a "throwaway" who cannot or will not go home. Whatever the reason, a caregiver has stepped up to care for that child or young person. Any person raising children worries about meeting the children's needs, making sure they have enough to eat, get the health care they need, or get a good education. If you are a grandparent, a relative, or another caregiver raising a child -- or children -- you may need help, and you may not be sure where to go to get that help. This booklet is meant to point out some places you could start, whether you need money, health care, child care, or other help. (Author abstract)

Title: The Health of Children in Foster Care.
Author(s): Schneiderman, Janet U.
Published: 2004
Journal Name: The Journal of School Nursing
v. 20, 6, December 2004, p. 343-351
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: This qualitative study of school nurses describes what the nurses want to do for school children in foster care, what they are actually doing, and how the school organization affects the provision of care. The study looked at the nurses' practice through the lens of the Social Ecological Model of Health, identified interventions using the Minnesota Public Health Intervention Model, and analyzed the school organization using the Bolman-Deal Model (Bolman & Deal, 1997). A purposive sample of nurses was chosen to participate in interviews, and observations of their work and a survey on the frequency of their interventions was implemented. Interviews were analyzed using a phenomenological approach. Four themes derived from the data included structural barriers to client access, nonrecognition of the broad determinants of health, isolationism, and lack of political power. School nurses are aware of foster children's increased health care needs, yet increased services are not provided as a result of a lack of organizational support. (Author abstract)

Title: Service and Training Program to Prevent the Abandonment of Infants and Young Children: Final Report.
Published: 2004
Available from: Child Welfare Information Gateway
http://www.childwelfare.gov
Children's Bureau/ACYF
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW
Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Abstract: This final report describes the activities and outcomes of a program that provided services to children of substance using women and their families, and interventions for families with HIV/AIDS from September 2001 to September of 2004. It begins by discussing the Coordinated Intervention for Women and Infants (CIWI) program, an intensive, in-home wraparound service for women who abuse illicit substances and their infants. Components of CIWI are described, along with the phases for implementation and collaboration with other agencies and services. The Yale Positive Interventions for Families with HIV/AIDS (PIFA) program is then highlighted, including its permanency planning services. Additional information is provided on client identification and referral to the CIWI and PIFA programs, the needs of clients, characteristics of clients, and findings from an assessment of on caregiver nurturance and stimulation toward an infant or toddler. Research results on child maltreatment, placement of the child with the family, adherence to pediatric care, and treatment goal attainment for 43 completed CIWI cases are also shared. Findings indicate that families who, over the course of the CIWI intervention, experienced greater psychosocial stability and a greater duration of service were more likely to derive benefit in terms of stable placement of children with family members and completion of CIWI treatment goals. Mothers who remained in the program for more than three months were more likely to maintain the care of their children for the shoe duration. Also if a child was in foster care at intake but the mother stayed in the program for greater than three months, she was more likely to have her child returned to her or a family member than if she left the program before three months. Lessons learned during the project are shared. 13 references. Document scanned.

Title: Field-Initiated Research on Successful Adoptions: Final Report 2004.
Author(s): Flynn, Cynthia.;Welch, Wendy.;Paget, Kathleen.
Published: 2004
Available from: Child Welfare Information Gateway
http://www.childwelfare.gov
Children's Bureau/ACYF
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW
Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Abstract: This final report shares the findings of a federally-funded study that investigated adolescent, family, and systems factors associated with successful adoptive placements for adolescents. The study was conducted to draw practice inferences to further the aim of the Adoptive and Safe Families Act of 1997 to ensure the safety, permanency, and well-being of adolescents in care. The report begins with a literature review and an explanation of the methodology of the study. The study included 91 interviews of adoptive parents and their adoptees and an assessment of the life satisfaction of 23 adolescent adoptees. Information is provided on the characteristics of participants and findings on: perspectives on adoption prior to adoption, making the decision to adoption, adolescent involvement in the adoption process and acceptance of the adoption decision, pre-adoption support services, post-adoption support services, birth family involvement, racial and cultural issues, education issues, successful adolescent adoptions, the best and worst aspects of adoption, the most meaningful aspects of adoption, whether adoptive parents would adopt an adolescent all over again, and advice for those considering adoption. The report closes with lessons learned about involving teens in research and recommendations for further study. 33 references, 6 tables, and 4 figures. Document scanned.

Title: Lessons Learned from the First 2 Years of the Children's Bureau's Quality Improvement Center Initiative.
Published: 2003
Available from: Children's Bureau
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/
Administration on Children, Youth and Families
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW, Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Abstract: In fiscal year 2001 the Children's Bureau implemented the Quality Improvement Center (QIC) initiative, a pilot program designed to examine the feasibility of a decentralized model of demonstration project funding. The objectives of the model were to promote development of evidence-based knowledge abut effective child welfare practices in the areas of adoption and child protective services, and ensure dissemination of the information that informs and alters practice as the direct service level. The Children's Bureau entered into cooperative agreements with five QICs and provided funding for a 5-year period. The Children's Bureau also contracted with James Bell Associates (JBA) to evaluate the initiative. This report describes the QICs and their three operational phases, and presents the initial JBA evaluation findings with regard to key facilitating factors, challenges, and lessons learned from the perspectives of QIC staff, Children's Bureau staff, and QIC grantee staff. Lessons learned during the planning phase, during the grants award phase, and during the grantee implementation phase are shared. Findings indicate that QICs were able to successfully implement the key elements of the QIC initiative as envisioned by the Children's Bureau. The QICs, however, encountered challenges and learned lessons throughout the planning an early implementation process. A key challenge pertained to the potential effectiveness of the QICs in producing evidence-based knowledge regarding effective practices in the area of child protective services and adoption. Strategies for attaining this goal are recommended. Appendices include descriptions of QIC grantees and their activities. (Author abstract modified) Document Scanned.

Title: Reactions to Child Protective Services Investigations and Legal Representation for Children.
Author(s): Goodman, Gail S.;Cordon, Ingrid M.;Edelstein, Robin.
Published: 2003
Available from: Child Welfare Information Gateway
http://www.childwelfare.gov
Children's Bureau/ACYF
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW
Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Abstract: This final report presents the findings of three federally funded studies that investigated parental reactions to Child Protective Services (CPS) investigations, children's CPS involvement and bullying, and legal representation for children in foster care. The first study on parental reactions to child protective services examined 286 caregivers' understanding of, attitudes, and emotional reactions to CPS investigations for caregivers with and without previous CPS involvement, as well as for caregivers who represented diverse ethnic/cultural backgrounds. The study found CPS involvement was associated with greater understanding of CPS investigations; however, caregivers evinced little understanding of CPS investigative procedures. This was particularly true of Hispanic caregivers. Furthermore, caregivers with previous CPS experiences expressed more negative attitudes toward CPS and rated CPS as more unfair. The second study examined the relations among parental attitudes toward bullying, CPS involvement, and children's bully/victim status, depressive symptoms, and personal competencies. Thirty-eight mother-child (ages 8-12) dyads participated. Results indicate that CPS involvement was unrelated to bullying or victimization by peers, parental attitudes of sibling bullying were significantly correlated with an increase in bullying behavior for females, and low child competencies and high depressive symptoms were linked to both bullying and victimization experiences. The final study found that in the majority of counties in California, children in foster care were represented by the Public Defender's Office or by a panel of court-appointed attorneys. Children in counties employing independent forms of representation tended to experience a greater number of changes in foster-care placements than did children in counties employing government-affiliated forms of representation. Numerous references. (Author abstract modified) Document scanned.

Title: Informal Caregiving Among the White Mountain Apache and its Impact on Child Health and Well-Being: Final Report.
Author(s): Sparks, Shannon.;Nichter, Mark A.
Published: 2002
Available from: Child Welfare Information Gateway
http://www.childwelfare.gov
Children's Bureau/ACYF
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW
Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Abstract: This semi-annual performance report discusses the activities of a federally funded project that examined informal child care giving among community members on the Fort Apache Reservation (White Mountain Apache Tribe) in Arizona from April 2002 through September 2002. Interviews were conducted with 10 primary caregivers and 5 supplemental caregivers that provided child care for one of the primary caregivers participating in the project. In addition, interviews were conducted with 9 caregivers that were not using any supplemental caregivers, as well as with and five additional surrogate caregivers. A focus group was also conducted with primary caregivers to investigate child care in the more isolated and traditional community of Cibecue, and whether this differed from the other communities. Preliminary findings indicate a lack of child care and undependable child care are barriers to employment and further education, the cost of child care was a pressing concern with child care subsidies available to a limited number of families, and that there is a lack of emergency child care. The study found that the majority of parents utilized alternative caregivers to assist them with child care, including grandmothers and aunts, cousins, and neighbors. Maternal grandmothers were the most common informal caregivers for children. The study also found that upwards of 1 in 5 children on the Fort Apache Reservation reside with grandparents or other non-parental caregivers, and that 70% of surrogate caregivers had voluntarily taken over responsibility for the child for whom they were caring. The health care of children who are sick and with informal caregivers is also discussed. Document scanned.

Title: Foster Family Intro: What Foster Youth Entering Our Home Should Know.
Published: 2002
Available from: FosterClub
http://www.fyi3.com/
753 First Avenue
Seaside, OR 97138
Abstract: This form is designed to help foster parents introduce themselves and their family to foster youth entering their home. Information is elicited on people and animals living in the house, reasons for becoming foster parents, activities the family likes to engage in, chores the children do, house rules, curfews, cooking and eating in the house, and nearby attractions.

Title: Quality Health Care Services for Children in Out-of-Home Care: Task Force on Health Care for Children in Out-of-Home Care Report to the Legislature.
Published: 2001
Available from: Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services
http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/
1 W. Wilson Street
Madison, WI 53702
Printable version (PDF): http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/children/foster/pdfs/ohcare.pdf
Abstract: This report presents a model for improving the access and quality of health care for children in foster care in Wisconsin. The proposed model, developed by the Task Force on Health Care for Children in Out-of-Home Placement, is designed to be used as a basis for requesting a federal waiver that would provide the Department of Health and Family Services (DHFS) with the authority to require children in foster care to enroll in a managed care plan as a condition of receiving Wisconsin Medicaid. The report begins by explaining the creation of the task force, its mission, and group norms and values that guided the development of the model. Facts and findings about the poor health outcomes of children in out-of-home placements are then shared, as well as health care costs for children in out-of-home placements. The following section explores health delivery system options for children in out-of-home placements, and describes the Health Care Management Functional Model for Children in Out-of-Home Care. This model outlines a framework of the most desirable characteristics identified in the health care management system. Key characteristics include: a team approach to service delivery, provision of necessary training, a focus on access and quality services not costs, statewide implementation, and identification of inequalities and work to remedy the inequalities. Findings and recommendations of task force subcommittees on access, care coordination, quality assurance, and caregiver and advocacy are then discussed. The paper closes with a timeline for applying for the waiver and recommended interim steps for improving the health of child in out-of-home placements. Appendices include recommended criteria for development and adaptation of performance measures and data on health care utilization. 25 references.

Title: Launching Improved Court Practice in Child Abuse and Neglect Cases Into the Next Century: The Millennium Conference Report and Results.
Published: 2000
Journal Name: Technical Assistance Bulletin
v. 4, 2, June 2000,
Available from: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
http://www.ncjfcj.org/
PO Box 8970
Reno, NV 89507
Abstract: This conference report details the planning, implementation, and results of the Millennium Conference held in November 1999, and designed to coordinate, integrate, and improve the nation's response to child victims in foster care. Specifically, the conference was structured to aid in the integration of improved practice in court and social services systems nationwide, increase awareness of the need for thorough judicial review and timely resolution of each child abuse or neglect case, and improve permanency planning nationwide. Nearly 400 judges, child welfare professionals, attorneys, volunteer child advocates, legislators, foundation representatives, and local, State, and federal government authorities participated during the 3-day conference and exchanged information through plenary sessions, small breakout groups, mini-presentations, and exhibits. This report provides information on the development of the conference and summarizes highlights from presentations on: the role of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention in supporting permanency planning; the principles of the Adoption and Safe Families Act and the development of resource guidelines for improving court practices in child abuse and neglect cases; strategies and the need for improving court practice for the millennium; and preparing for inevitable change and working together to improve child welfare services. Conference work products are then presented from work groups that focused on State efforts toward court and systems improvements, the role of different professionals in promoting and effecting systems change, creating a plan for change, and action planning by State for future networking. The final section of the report describes federal and State-based activities as a result of the Millennium Conference.

Visit Update Subscription to unsubscribe or change your topical selections.

A Service of the Children's Bureau, Administration for Children and Families,
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

For more information contact:

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Administration on Children, Youth and Families Children's Bureau

Child Welfare Information Gateway Children's Bureau/ACYF 1250 Maryland Avenue, SW Eighth Floor Washington, DC 20024 800.394.3366 Email: info@childwelfare.gov