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Permanency - Results (81 Publications)

Title: Kinship Care.
Published: 2009
Available from: Hunter College School of Social Work
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp
Hunter College School of Social Work
129 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10021
Printable version (PDF): http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/tools/kinship-tool.pdf
Abstract: Part of a series of briefs designed to assist professionals in finding permanent placements for children in the child welfare system, this tool focuses on kinship care. It begins by explaining kinship care as the full-time nurturing and protection of children by relatives, members of their tribes or clans, godparents, stepparents, or any adult who has a kinship bond with a child. Different types of kinship care are discussed, as well as research findings on kinship care, the growth of kinship care, and the advantages of kinship care. Information is provided on potential concerns about kinship care and options for permanency offered through kinship care. Findings from recent studies on kinship care and placement stability are shared, including research that indicates children in kinship care remain in State custody longer and return home at a slower rate than those in other substitute care arrangements, and that kinship care placements tend to be more stable, may be the safest type of placement, and have lower substantiated abuse and neglect reports than other types of foster care. Principles of best practice in facilitating permanence in kinship care placements are identified and include: a broad view of family, ongoing striving for cultural competence, collaboration in decision-making, a long-term view of child rearing, and inclusion of children and youth in the planning and decision-making process. The brief closes with a discussion of key competencies needed by social workers for competency in kinship care. 47 references.

Title: The Youth Involvement Checklist.
Published: 2009
Available from: Thrive Initiative
http://thriveinitiative.org/
124 Canal Street
Lewiston, ME
Printable version (PDF): http://thriveinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/082009_Youth.Involve-Checklist.pdf
Abstract: We proposed that the process of moving from youth guided, to youth directed, to youth driven happens at 3 levels: youth involvement at the individual youth level, the community and policy making level. This list illustrates what should be happening at each stage in the process as the young person makes their transition into adulthood. (Author abstract)

Title: Difficulties in Development: The Impact of Loss and Trauma. (Chapter 4 in Nurturing Attachments : Supporting Children Who Are Fostered or Adopted)
Author(s): Golding, Kim S.
Published: 2008
Available from: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
http://www.jkp.com
400 Market St.
Suite 400
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This chapter explores the way early attachment relationships and the experience of separation and loss can impact the emotional and cognitive development of a child. The impact of moving into foster and adoptive homes is discussed, and strategies for supporting children who have experienced loss and separation and children who are recovering from the trauma of early adverse parenting are explained.

Title: Creating a Feeling of Belonging for the Child. (Chapter 11 in Nurturing Attachments : Supporting Children Who Are Fostered or Adopted)
Author(s): Golding, Kim S.
Published: 2008
Available from: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
http://www.jkp.com
400 Market St.
Suite 400
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Strategies foster and adoptive parents can use to create a feeling of belonging in children are described, including the use of family rituals and claiming behaviors. Additional parenting techniques are explained for helping children deal with anger. Examples are provided of putting the strategies into practice.

Title: GLBT Communities and Adoption: Courting an Untapped Resource.
Author(s): Kahn, Ellen.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Adoptalk
Winter 2008,
Available from: North American Council on Adoptable Children (NACAC)
http://www.nacac.org/
970 Raymond Avenue, Suite 106
St. Paul, MN 55114
Document available online at: http://www.nacac.org/adoptalk/GLBTHRC.html
Abstract: This fact sheet discusses the high number of gay, lesbian, and bisexual adults who want to adopt, barriers to adoption of children by gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) adults, and strategies for overcoming such barriers.

Title: Six Steps to Find a Family: A Practice Guide to Family Search and Engagement (FSE).
Author(s): Louisell, Mardith J.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp
Hunter College School of Social Work
129 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10065
Printable version (PDF): http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/SixSteps.pdf
Abstract: Family-Finding and Engagement is a structured model to build permanent, caring relationships for youth, who otherwise would not have a permanent family, by helping adults make realistic decisions on how to be involved in a youth's life. This guide provides detailed guidance on casework practice that supports family search and engagement in the quest to provide permanency for youth. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Resources to Support Transitioning Needs for Older Youth.
Published: 2008
Available from: Illinois Department of Children and Family Services
http://www.state.il.us/DCFS
406 East Monroe
Springfield, MO 62701
Document available online at: http://www.state.il.us/DCFS/library/com_communications_oyouth.shtml
Abstract: This webpage provides links to fact sheets to support the transitioning needs of older foster youth. The fact sheets include: checklists for academic success for the freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior years; tips for promoting academic excellence; the Department of Children and Family Services' Department of Healthcare and Family Services medical card; the Employment Incentive Program; education and training vouchers; resources for meeting life goals; the Illinois Community College Payment Program; the Life Skills Program; Project S.O.A.R; the Find Your Future Internship Program; the foster youth scholarship program; transition programs; the Youth in College/Vocational Training Program; and the Youth Housing Assistance Program. All fact sheets are provided in English and Spanish.

Title: Foster Children and the IDEA: the Fox Guarding the Henhouse.
Author(s): Hope, Rebekah Gleason.
Published: 2008
Available from: Berkeley Electronic Press
http://www.bepress.com/
2809 Telegraph Avenue, Suite 202
Berkeley, CA 94705
Document available online at: http://works.bepress.com/rebekah_hope/1/
Abstract: The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) creates a complex bundle of rights that protects parents of children with disabilities in an effort to provide each child that is eligible with a free appropriate public education (FAPE). Children in the dependency system, commonly referred to as foster children, also require a free appropriate public education when they have disabilities that affect their learning, but they have no one to advocate for them or assist them in securing an appropriate educational program. They need a surrogate to take the place of the parents who are unable to fill that role. The IDEA has always provided a mechanism for an educational surrogate parent to be appointed by the child's school system, but the recent re-authorization of the Act goes further in protecting the rights of children with disabilities when it allowed dependency court judges the power to appoint them as well. The purpose of my article is to examine the challenges that face foster children in education generally, and more specifically the challenges faced by children in foster care who have disabilities that affect them educationally. It will explain why it is not in the school systems' interest to appoint surrogate parents, and therefore, most school systems either have no program to do so. It further discusses a practical approach to setting up a surrogate parent program. This article will first discuss the background of and the need for special education services. Second, it will discuss the unique needs of foster children and how those needs impact their education. Third, it will discuss how those needs impact the children who require special education services, including whether children in the foster care system are improperly included in special education. Fourth, the paper will discuss the changes to the IDEA 2004 that affect children in foster care, including the definition of 'parent' as well as changes to the appointment of surrogate parents process. Finally, fifth, the paper will explore whether this new provision has already helped, or may help the foster child population in the future. (Author abstract)

Title: Creating Foster Care Youth Biographies A Role for the Internet.
Author(s): Gustavsson, Nora.;MacEachron, Ann.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of technology in human services.
v. 26, 1, 2008, p. 45-55
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Large numbers of youth continue to enter foster care despite federal and state efforts to minimize placement. Some youth will experience lengthy tenure in care with multiple placements and be at risk for adverse events. They are also at risk for losing an accurate biography of their childhoods. We suggest a two-tiered approach to help youth develop a personal history. Agencies can establish a digital depository of basic information including pictures that document the life course of the youth. Agencies can help youth procure e-mail accounts. These e-mail accounts are under the control of the youth and can function as an electronic diary. Thus, youth would have a portable life biography and sense of self over time. (Author abstract)

Title: California Youth Connection 2006 Policy Conference Report.
Author(s): Mosqueda, Jimmy.;Rodriguez, Jennifer.
Published: 2008
Available from: California Youth Connection
http://www.calyouthconn.org/
CYC Statewide Office
604 Mission Street, 4th Floor
San Francisco, CA 94105
Printable version (PDF): http://www.calyouthconn.org/files/cyc/PDF/CYC_PR_2006B.pdf
Abstract: This report derives from the annual Leadership and Policy Conference that trains California Youth Connections (CYC) foster youth in leadership skills to help them be more effective members in their local chapter. Youth are trained in various aspects, including conflict resolution, community organizing, and facilitation skills. In addition, members also decide, as an organization, which are the most pressing issues facing foster youth in California. These issues are then studied, with specific policy recommendations identified and presented to policymakers on the last day of the conference. The report discusses conference findings in the areas of education, emancipation, juvenile justice, and placement. Action items and recommendations for addressing key issues in each area are explained.

Title: 10 Top Tips for Finding Families.
Author(s): Cousins, Jennifer.
Published: 2008
Available from: British Association for Adoption & Fostering (BAAF)
http://www.baaf.org.uk/
Skyline House, 200 Union Street
London SE1 0LX
Abstract: This book discusses tips for finding permanent new families for children who cannot live with their birth parents or relatives. Strategies are provided for implementing the following 10 tips: broadcast the recruiting message widely, target your efforts, welcome a diverse group of people, prepare and train families well, assess applications thoroughly, know the child, make realistic plans for each child, produce high quality material about the child, and make a good match. A checklist is provided for each tip and a list of useful organizations in the United Kingdom is included.

Title: Information Packet: Mental Health Care Issues of Children and Youth in Foster Care.
Author(s): Polihronakis, Tina.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp
Hunter College School of Social Work
129 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10065
Printable version (PDF): http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/information_packets/Mental_Health.pdf
Abstract: Provides an overview of the issue, including Facts/Statistics, Policy and Legislation, Best Practice Tips & Programs, and Web Sites and Resources.

Title: Information Packet: Relative Placements.
Author(s): Cohen, Vanessa.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp
Hunter College School of Social Work
129 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10065
Printable version (PDF): http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/information_packets/relative-placements.pdf
Abstract: This document provides a quick look at facts and statistics, policies and legislation, and some model programs.

Title: What Can We Learn From Foster Youth; and Health Care After Foster Care [DVD].
Published: 2008
Available from: Annie E Casey Foundation
http://www.aecf.org/
701 St. Paul St.
Baltimore, MD 21202
Abstract: This DVD aims to deepen understanding of the needs of youth aging out of care, with a focus on the need to demystify court processes so young people are better able to participate. It includes youth describing their desire to be involved in the fundamental decisions that affect their lives.

Title: Development and Validation of Supervisory and Organizational Support Measures.
Author(s): Alexander, Jenny Burroughs.
Published: 2008
Available from: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Digital Library and Archives
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu
University Libraries
PO Box 90001
Blacksburg, VA 24062
Document available online at: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03152008-183325/
Abstract: Recruitment and retention of public child welfare workforce is in crisis due to turnover caused by 1) dissatisfaction with job; 2) excessive stress and burnout, including vicarious trauma; and 3) a lack of support from supervisors and organizations. No instrument was found to evaluate the impact of supervisory support and the use of organizational and professional strategies. The Supervisory and Organizational Support (SOS) survey instrument was created in response to the need for reliable and valid instruments to measure issues related to child welfare workforce turnover. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the SOS survey instrument and was designed to address the following research questions: 1) Does the instrument have demonstrated content validity? 2) Does the instrument have demonstrated construct validity as developed through factor analysis techniques? 3) Does the instrument have demonstrated reliability? 4) To what extent do the instrument and its subscales correlate with measures of theoretically related and unrelated variables? The results of this study with a sample of 387 employees in 18 Virginia Department of Social Services agencies provide good beginning evidence of content, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity, and reliability of the SOS survey instrument. As such, the SOS survey can be used in studies of social services workforce turnover/ retention. However, to increase confidence in this recommendation, further research should address the implications and limitations of the current study and provide replication of the results with a different sample using confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, the SOS survey instrument may serve to assist in the evaluation of practice and policy efforts aimed at increasing worker retention. (Author abstract)

Title: Grandparents in a Parental or Near-Parental Role: Sources of Stress and Coping Mechanisms.
Author(s): Lumpkin, James R.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Family Issues
v. 29, 3, March 2008, p. 357-372
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: A survey of 613 grandparents investigated how grandparents cope with stressful aspects and situations within their grandparenting roles. Results found the most cited example of a recent stressful situation was the illness of the grandchild or worrying about their well-being. Younger near-parental role grandparents cited having to care for the grandchildren and discipline of the grandchildren more often than other age groups did. Grandparents used the emotion-focused coping tactic of positive reappraisal most often, followed by escape-avoidance and the problem-focused tactic of planful problem solving. 5 tables and 42 references.

Title: Labor Pains: Strengthening The Child Welfare Workforce: Part 3 [Audio Files].
Published: 2008
Available from: BlogTalkRadio
http://www.blogtalkradio.com/
Document available online at: http://www.blogtalkradio.com/CWLA-Radio/blog/2008/03/19/Labor-Pains-Strengthening-The-Child-Welfare-Workforce-Part-3-1
Abstract: The third in the four-part series of programs focused on the child welfare workforce throughout National Professional Social Work Month. The severe shortage of well-trained child welfare workers continues to result in high staff turnover, high caseloads and ultimately poor outcomes for children and families. In this program we examine effective strategies for recruiting, training and retaining competent workers in America's child welfare system. (Author abstract)

Title: Pride: Making A Difference. English.
Published: 2008
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Abstract: This DVD demonstrates the competencies essential for fostering and for adopting and explaining the differences between "making a commitment to be meaningful to a child's lifetime and making a lifetime commitment to a child."

Title: Pride: Making A Difference. Spanish.
Published: 2008
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Abstract: This DVD demonstrates the competencies essential for fostering and for adopting and explaining the differences between "making a commitment to be meaningful to a child's lifetime and making a lifetime commitment to a child." Este DVD demuestra las capacidades esenciales para servir como padres de cuidado de crianza y padres adoptivos y para explicar las diferencias entre ?comprometerse a ser significativo en la vida de un niño y comprometerse de por vida a un niño?.

Title: Attachment Theory: Caregiving and its Impact on Attachment and Exploration. (Chapter 2 in Nurturing Attachments : Supporting Children Who Are Fostered or Adopted)
Author(s): Golding, Kim S.
Published: 2008
Available from: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
http://www.jkp.com
400 Market St.
Suite 400
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This chapter explains the characteristics of the attachment relationship, attachment and exploratory behavior in children, dimensions of caregiving that impact attachment, and how attachment behavior changes through childhood. The development of internal working models that guide children's expectations of themselves and of others is described, including the impact of a change of caregiver.

Title: PRIDE: Foster PRIDE/Adopt PRIDE Program Vignettes. Spanish.
Published: 2008
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Abstract: This 35-minute DVD comprises a series of video clips that portray different types of situations in the placement process to promote discussion on how to manage typical challenges of day-to-day foster parenting. Este DVD de 35 minutos comprende una serie de video clips que muestran diferentes tipos de situaciones en el proceso de colocación para promover discusión sobre cómo lidiar con los desafíos típicos cotidianos de ser un padre o una madre de cuidado de crianza.

Title: Nurturing Attachments : Supporting Children Who Are Fostered or Adopted.
Author(s): Golding, Kim S.
Published: 2008
Available from: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
http://www.jkp.com
400 Market St.
Suite 400
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Designed for adoptive parents, foster parents, and professionals, this volume provides an overview of attachment theory and then presents a House Model of Parenting to enable caregivers to develop resilience and emotional growth in foster and adopted children. Part 1 on attachment theory discusses why attachment relationships are important, what happens if attachment relationships are insecure, and characteristics of the attachment relationships. Information is provided on dimensions of caregiving, how attachment behavior changes through childhood, and patterns of attachment. Characteristics of secure and insecure attachment are described, and the impact of loss and trauma in forming secure attachment relationships is explained. Parenting strategies are then provided for children with an ambivalent attachment pattern of relating, an avoidant attachment pattern of relating, a disorganized/controlling attachment pattern of relating, and who have not learnt to selectively attach. Part 2 describes the House Model of Parenting and creating a secure base. Chapters discuss developing empathy and support, attunement and empathy, protecting the family atmosphere and the development of emotional regulation, creating a feeling of belonging for the child, and self-care for the caregiver. The final part provides a model for parenting that encourages children to build relationships and manage their behavior. Chapters discuss helping the child to enjoy being part of the family, learning to parent with PACE (playfulness, acceptance, curiosity, and empathy), providing structure and supervision, managing confrontation and coercive interactions, employing behavior management strategies, and managing lying, stealing, and self-harm. The book includes the stories of four fictional children in foster care or adoptive homes to illustrate key points. 35 figures and 34 references.

Title: Managing Special Difficulties: Lying, Stealing and Self-Harm. (Chapter 18 in Nurturing Attachments : Supporting Children Who Are Fostered or Adopted)
Author(s): Golding, Kim S.
Published: 2008
Available from: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
http://www.jkp.com
400 Market St.
Suite 400
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Characteristics of children and youth who engage in self-harming behavior are described and strategies foster and adoptive parents can use to help children and young people who self harm are explained. Components of safety plans are listed to help youth identify triggers that lead to self-harm and consider coping strategies that could be used instead. In addition, parenting strategies are discussed for dealing with lying and stealing behavior.

Title: Know Your Rights: A Guide for Youth in Nebraska's Foster Care System.
Author(s): Nelsen, Natalie Hueftle.
Published: 2008
Available from: Center on Children, Families, and the Law (CCFL)
http://ccfl.unl.edu/
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Lincoln, NE 68588-0227
Printable version (PDF): http://www.throughtheeyes.org/files/Know%20Your%20Rights.pdf
Abstract: This guidebook is intended to help foster youth understand their rights and the services available to them while they are in the system and once they leave the system. (Author abstract)

Title: PRIDE: Foster PRIDE/Adopt PRIDE Program Vignettes. English.
Published: 2008
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Abstract: This 35-minute DVD comprises a series of video clips that portray different types of situations in the placement process to promote discussion on how to manage typical challenges of day-to-day foster parenting.

Title: Treatment Foster Care For Improving Outcomes in Children and Young People.
Author(s): Macdonald, Geraldine M.;Turner, William.
Published: 2008
Available from: Campbell Collaboration
http://www.campbellcollaboration.org
Dr. Dorothy de Moya
6417 Wissahickon Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19119
Abstract: Treatment foster care (TFC) is a foster family-based intervention that aims to provide young people (and, where appropriate, their families) with an individually tailored programme designed to help bring about positive changes in their lives. TFC was designed to help children whose difficulties or circumstances place them at risk of multiple placements and/or more restrictive placements such as hospital or secure residential or youth justice settings. This review set out to assess the impact of Treatment Foster Care on a range of outcomes for children and young people in such circumstances, including psychosocial and behavioural outcomes, delinquency, placement stability, and discharge status. Five studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. All were conducted in the USA. Four focused on young delinquents or children with a range of behaviour problems. The fifth examined the effectiveness of TFC for young people in a state mental hospital. Findings indicate that TFC care may be a useful intervention to help place these usually hard to place children and young people in family settings. Results indicate some clinically meaningful decreases in: antisocial behaviour, the number of days children and young people abscond from placement; the number of criminal referrals and the time spent in locked settings. There is some evidence that young people in Treatment Foster Care spent more time in treatment over the long-term and more time at home. Examination of educational and employment outcomes showed improvements in school attendance, homework completion and engagement with employment. However, the generalisability of findings is limited. The total number of included studies was small and the profile of participants quite mixed. The evidence may be subject to bias given the involvement of programme developers in the research teams responsible for all included studies. On the basis of this review, nothing can be said about the costs and benefits of what is a relatively costly service. Furthermore, it is not possible to make statements about TFC effectiveness vis-a-vis other composite interventions. (Author abstract)

Title: Educating Children in Foster Care: State Legislation 2004 - 2007.
Author(s): Munson, Sara.;Freundlich, Madelyn.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Conference of State Legislatures
http://www.ncsl.org
444 North Capitol Street, N.W., Suite 515
Washington, DC 20001
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ncsl.org/print/cyf/foster_care_education.pdf
Abstract: This report, a companion to the National Conference of State Legislatures' December 2003 report, Educating Children in Foster Care, reviews state legislation enacted between 2004 and 2007 to improve the educational experiences and opportunities of children and youth in foster care. It also provides information on laws and policies regarding early learning and foster care which were not included in the first report. The level of legislative interest indicates that education for children in foster care is a growing and increasingly higher level legislative priority nationwide. (Author abstract)

Title: Suggested Pre-Placement and Time-of-Placement Questions.
Published: 2007
Available from: Iowa Foster and Adoptive Parents Association
http://www.ifapa.org/
6864 NE 14th St., Suite 5

Ankeny, IA 50023
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ifapa.org/resources/placementquestionaire.pdf
Abstract: This form lists questions foster parents should ask before agreeing to the placement of a child in their home. These questions will help you determine if this placement will be a good fit for your family and your parenting abilities. (Author abstract)

Title: Foster Children And Sexualized Behavior.
Author(s): Delaney, Rick.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Connections
December 2007,
Available from: Northwest Media
http://www.sociallearning.com
326 West 12th Avenue
Eugene, OR 97401
Printable version (PDF): http://www.fosterparentcollege.com/fpc/info/Connections-121807.pdf
Abstract: Intended for foster parents, this fact sheet explains that many children in foster care have been sexually abused and may engage in inappropriate sexual behavior. It discusses concerns that foster parents might have and lists seven red flag behaviors: excessive masturbation or inserting objects, groping and or seductive behavior toward family, friends, or strangers, sexually explicit play with toys, forcing or manipulating other children into sexual behavior, intense obsession with others' genitals or breasts, precocious sexual knowledge, sexual behavior with pets or other animals, and sexual behavior between children with a wide age difference. Reasons children act out sexually are discussed, and recommendations for foster parents are provided.

Title: FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions For Foster Youth Transitioning to Adulthood.
Published: 2007
Available from: Florida's Children First
http://floridaschildrenfirst.org/
1801 N. University Drive, 3rd Floor, Suite B
Coral Springs, FL 33071
Printable version (PDF): http://amajn.com/c_fcf/04_reports/ILFAQ-2cFinal10_2.pdf
Abstract: This publication answers the most commonly asked questions asked by teens as they figure out their transition to adulthood.

Title: Family Team Conferencing.
Published: 2007
Available from: Child Welfare Policy and Practice Group
http://www.childwelfaregroup.org/
428 East Jefferson Street
Montgomery, AL 36104
Printable version (PDF): http://www.childwelfaregroup.org/documents/FTC_History.pdf
Abstract: This brief explains the purpose and activities of a Family Team Conference in child welfare services, a gathering of family members, friends, members of the family's faith community, and professionals who join together to jointly develop individualized plans to strengthen family capacity, to assure safety, stability, and permanency and to build natural supports that will sustain the family over time. It discusses the benefits of such conferences, key principles for Family Team Conferences, how Family Team Conferences have evolved, and characteristics of Family Team Conferences. Elements of Family Team Conferences are described, along with decision making strategies under the Family Team Conferences model. An attachment describes specific steps of a Family Team Conference.

Title: Certification Standards for Foster Care, Relative Care, and Pre-Adoptive Families.
Published: 2007
Available from: Oregon Department of Human Services
http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/
500 Summer St. NE
Salem, OR 97301
Printable version (PDF): http://dhsforms.hr.state.or.us/Forms/Served/DE9303.pdf
Abstract: The purpose of these rules is to describe the criteria for becoming a certified relative caregiver, foster parent, or preadoptive parent in Oregon.

Title: Foster Care Fact Sheets.
Published: 2007
Available from: National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp
Hunter College School of Social Work
129 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10065
Document available online at: http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/info_services/fact-sheets.html
Abstract: The NRCFCPPP prepared fact sheets about foster care for the National Foster Care Month campaign. For each state and the District of Columbia you can find the following information: (1) Number of children in foster care; (2) Average age and number of children in care by age range; (3) Gender; (4) Race/ethnicity of children in out-of-home care and of the general population in the state; (5) Average length of stay in care; (6) Percentage of children reunified with parents or primary caretakers; (7) Number of licensed foster homes; (8) Percent of youth living with relatives; (9) Percent of children adopted by foster parents and by relatives; and (10) Contact information to find out how to become a foster parent in that state. Most data was supplied by the Children's Bureau for Fiscal Year 2003. Some states have provided more current statistics from their own data systems. (Author abstract)

Title: Guide for Foster Parents and Relative Caregivers: Understanding the Nebraska Juvenile Court Child Protection Process.
Author(s): Conner, Jennifer.
Published: 2007
Available from: Center on Children, Families, and the Law (CCFL)
http://ccfl.unl.edu/
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Lincoln, NE 68588-0227
Printable version (PDF): http://ccfl.unl.edu/publications/pdf/fosterandrealative.pdf
Abstract: This guide provides information to Nebraska foster parents on the juvenile court protection process. Key legal terms are explained, and information is provided on the different types of dependency hearings and the role of the judge, caseworker, guardian ad litem, Court Appointed Special Advocate, and the Foster Care Review Board. The rights of foster parents are also discussed, as well as support services that are available.

Title: The New York State Care Coordination Pilot Project: Process and Impact Evaluation Study Findings.
Author(s): Colman, Rebecca.;Rees, Faye.;Mitchell-Herzfeld, Susan.;Weber, Mimi.;Skidmore, Mary;Behan, Allison.;Ewashko, Dianne.
Published: 2007
Available from: New York State Office of Children and Family Services
http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us
Capital View Office Park
52 Washington Street

Rensselaer, NY 12144-2796
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us/main/reports/CareCoordEvalReport_2007.pdf
Abstract: In an effort to enhance the foster care system's capacity to readily identify and address children's multiple health care needs, OCFS gave funds to nine local service providers to develop and implement "Care Coordination" programs. Initiated in 2003, these programs sought to improve the health, well-being, and permanency of children living in foster care by designating a particular individual (i.e., a Care Coordinator) or set of individuals to monitor, coordinate, and facilitate all aspects of a child's health care while in foster care. Included in this report is an overview of the Care Coordination model and the pilot programs, the evaluation design, findings from the multi-site process and impact evaluations, the impact of Care Coordination receipt on service delivery, need identification, communication, and permanency, and recommendations. (Author abstract)

Title: NYS Foster Parent Manual.
Author(s): McBride, Rebecca.
Published: 2007
Available from: New York State Office of Children & Family Services
http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us/main
52 Washington Street
Rensselaer, NY 12144-2796
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us/main/publications/Pub5011%20NYS%20Foster%20Parent%20Manual.pdf
Abstract: This manual was developed for use in New York foster parents' day-to-day life with the children in their care. It gives practical information on topics like medical care, payments, and the role of the court, and also provides guidance on areas like welcoming a child, discipline, and parent visits. Throughout the manual, we emphasize the role of foster parents in working together with caseworkers and birth parents in helping the child achieve permanency. Each chapter contains information on state policies related to foster parenting. (Author abstract)

Title: Reach Out: Enhancing Services to Out-of-Home Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Questioning Youth. Evaluation 2004-2006.
Author(s): Wolfsun, Marian.;Lee-Davis, Carolyn.;
Published: 2007
Available from: New England Network for Child, Youth and Family Services
156 College St., Suite 301
Burlington, VT 05401
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nenetwork.org/glbtq/REACHOUTEVAL.pdf
Abstract: This report discusses the activities and outcomes of Reach Out, a three-year initiative (FY 2004-2006) in northern New England designed to foster positive institutional change in the systems that serve lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth, particularly those who are homeless, runaway, and/or in foster care or the juvenile justice system. The report explains the need to provide services to LGBTQ youth, challenges such youth face in rural settings, and the goals and objectives of Reach Out in improving organizational environment, staff development, and program practices in ten participating agencies in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. Reach Out activities are described as well as the results of an evaluation on the impact of Reach Out. The evaluation included a community impact survey and interviews with youth and stakeholders. Results indicate Reach Out was most successful in: raising awareness among participating providers about the existence and needs of LGBTQ youth, particularly transgender youth; providing updated resources and referrals and linking youth-service agencies to local LGBTQ agencies and programs; increasing staff sensitivity and understanding about the needs of LGBTQ youth and increasing the competence of youth workers to interact with and meet the needs of LGBTQ youth; driving institutional changes, including the development of LGBTQ-friendly personnel policies, program procedures, and public relations materials; and promoting broader community dialogue in support of LGBTQ youth in the community. The evaluation found nearly two-thirds (60%) of surveyed youth had a good experience, and 71% felt that youth workers were helpful and supportive. Youth suggestions for improving youth services included: being friendly, warm, and welcoming; being open to LGBTQ youth and providing services that include and meet the need of LGBTQ youth; and improving services for the general youth population, including access to therapy/counseling, transportation, and improved confidentiality. Lessons learned from the evaluation are shared. 9 references.

Title: The Connected Child: Bring Hope and Healing to Your Adoptive Family.
Author(s): Purvis, Karyn B.;Cross, David R.;Sunshine, Wendy Lyons.
Published: 2007
Available from: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
http://www.pbg.mcgraw-hill.com/
Customer Service
P. O. Box 545
Blacklick, OH 43004-0545
Abstract: This text is designed to assist adoptive parents create greater attachment bonds with their adopted children, and deal effectively with emotional and behavioral problems in their children. The book begins with a discussion on using a multilayered approach to parenting an at-risk child that involves building emotional intelligence as well as intellectual mastery, and supporting a child's senses and physiology along with his or her psychology. Common obstacles to attachment are reviewed, and strategies for creating a bridge to the world are discussed. Chapter 2 describes some of the risks faced by infants in-utero and during the first years of life, and the impact of isolation and institutionalization. Chapters 3 and 4 review the symptoms and challenges associated with certain backgrounds or disorders, and strategies for disarming the fear response. Chapter 5 focuses on teaching life values, and Chapter 6 discusses effective disciplinary techniques. The IDEAL (immediately, directly, efficient, action-based, and level) approach to dealing with challenges from a child is explained. Dealing with defiance is addressed in Chapter 7 and the investment model of parenting is highlighted. Following chapters discuss how parents can nurture at every opportunity to build self-esteem in a child, proactive strategies to make life easier, techniques for supporting healthy brain chemistry, ways to handle setbacks, and the need to heal the parent to heal the child. Numerous references.

Title: A Family Affair? Kinship Care and Parental Substance Misuse: Some Dilemmas Explored.
Author(s): Kroll, Brynna.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Child and Family Social Work
February 2007,
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: Both the Children Act 1989 and the Human Rights Act 1998 support the principle that children should remain within their birth families wherever possible and that this option must be considered when children are unable to live with their parents. Where parental substance misuse is an issue, family placements, whether formally or informally arranged, are increasingly being used and the support of grandparents, in particular, has been identified as a significant protective factor for children. This paper examines some of the issues that can arise with such placements, particularly in view of the part that substance misuse may play within the wider family system, the impact of parental drug and alcohol use on attachment and child development, and the complex dynamics that can ensue. Drawing on themes emerging from parental substance misuse literature and kinship care research, some practice dilemmas will be explored. While acknowledging the complex aetiology of substance misuse and the dangers of pathologizing family systems in which it is found, some hypotheses about potential risks and challenges will be debated. It will be argued that, although such placements can often provide children with a safe haven, they may demand a specific type of support and monitoring, if children's welfare is to be safeguarded. (Author abstract)

Title: Talking About Adoption to Your Adopted Child: A Guide for Parents by Adoption. 4th ed.
Author(s): Morrison, Marjorie.
Published: 2007
Available from: BAAF Publications
Skyline House
200 Union St.
London
Abstract: Designed for prospective or existing adoptive parents, this book highlights key aspects of helping a child understand his or her history and the circumstances that lead to his or her adoption. It begins by discussing changing attitudes about adoption and guidelines about disclosure. Chapters then address: strategies for starting to talk about adoption; types of information adoptive parents need; information children need at different developmental stages; difficulties in communicating distressing facts; helping children cope with memories and creating life story books; contact with birth parents; fostering sibling relationships; foster carers who adopt and differences between fostering and adoption; ethnically different parents and adopted children; adopting step-children; the need for parents to disclose information about themselves; feelings of adopted children; feelings of birth parents; and tracing birth parents. At the end of each chapter reflections of adoptive parents, children, and birth parents are shared. The book closes with a narrative of one family's experience and a list of useful organizations in the United Kingdom and relevant books.

Title: One-Person Children's Homes: A Positive Choice or a Last Resort?
Published: 2007
Available from: Commission for Social Care Inspection
http://www.csci.org.uk/
33 Greycoat Street
London SW1P 2QF
Printable version (PDF): http://www.csci.org.uk/PDF/one_person_childrens_homes.pdf
Abstract: This report on one-person children's homes follows up the findings of the CSCI's State of social care in England 2004-05 showing there had been a marked growth in the number of children's homes registered for one-person. The Commission commented on the development: "One-to-one care may be the most appropriate form of care for some children with particularly profound learning or behavioural disabilities. However, single place establishments can result in social isolation and should only be used if all other avenues have been exhausted. The use of one place children's homes is an area that will be looked at by CSCI in the future." This report offers a first step in reflecting on one-person children's homes and in seeking to answer a range of questions about the: nature and function of this type of provision; children who live in these homes and the outcomes for them; and commissioning intentions of councils. (Author abstract modified)

Title: NNAAP Training and Technical Assistance Evaluation 2005-2006.
Author(s): McKendall-Stephens, Vanessa.
Published: 2007
Available from: Child Welfare Information Gateway
http://www.childwelfare.gov
Children's Bureau/ACYF
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW
Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Abstract: This report discusses an evaluation of the progress of the National Network of Adoption Advocacy Programs (NNAAP), a collaborative partnership of more than 30 organizations throughout the nation that include One Church, One Community (OCOC) organizations, child placing agencies, parent support organizations, and other child welfare organizations. Funded in October 2003 by the Children's Bureau, NNAAP supports and enhances the collaborative effectiveness of new and existing adoption advocacy programs modeled after the OCOC concept of faith-based partnering; and develops programs in diverse cultural communities that utilize the OCOC concept. The evaluation was designed to collect useful information about NNAAP's work during 2005-2006, as well as member and grantee experiences. Data collection included: conference calls and email correspondence with NNAAP staff; 19 telephone interviews conducted October 2006 to December 2006 with NNAAP staff, grantee representatives, steering committee members, and NNAAP members and stakeholders; and a document review of grantee reports. Data were analyzed using a series of matrices and content analysis to discover recurrent themes. Findings indicate: NNAAP continues to refine its operational structure, clarify governance, and finalize policy and procedure; NNAAP clarified Network membership; NNAAP made great strides in enhancing the expertise of grantees, OCOC organizations and others who use the OCOC model; NNAAP is a competent advocate for OCOCs and member organizations; NNAAP invites and supports organizations considering using the OCOC model with cultural communities other than African American; NNAAP increased grantee and member understanding and use of technology; and NNAAP Peer-to Peer workshops and meetings are effective strategies to network, share, and build best practice skills. Factors that supported the progress of NNAPP are discussed, as well as limiting factors and recommendations.

Title: A Success Model of Adoption: The QIC on Adoption.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Children's Bureau Express
v. 8, 10, November 2007,
Available from: Children's Bureau
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/
Administration on Children, Youth and Families
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW, Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Document available online at: http://cbexpress.acf.hhs.gov/index.cfm?event=website.viewArticles&issueid=89§ionid=1&articleid=1425
Abstract: A success model of adoption built on private-public collaborative partnerships, staff specialization, and evidence-based practice has become a hallmark of the Quality Improvement Center for Adoption (QICA) in Virginia.

Title: Educating Children in Foster Care: The McKinney-Vento and No Child Left Behind Acts.
Author(s): Joftus, Scott.
Published: 2007
Available from: Annie E Casey Foundation
http://www.aecf.org/
701 St. Paul St.
Baltimore, MD 21202
Printable version (PDF): http://www.casey.org/NR/rdonlyres/E32D6828-9DD6-4304-842B-723AEA2EF029/545/Casey_Educ_WhitePaperNCLB.pdf
Abstract: On April 24, 2007, Casey Family Programs with the National Education Association released recommendations for the reauthorization of the No Child Left Behind Act to improve the educational outcomes of children and youth in out-of-home care. The recommendations, included as part of this comprehensive report released at a congressional briefing, deal with the reauthorization of the No Child Left Behind Act and the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act. The recommendations are: (1) Improve school stability by ensuring that the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act applies to all children in out-of-home care, and increase funding for the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act to a level that covers all eligible children; (2) Ensure that children and youth in foster care have access to education-related support services by making them automatically eligible for Title I, Part A services and including them in the set-aside that exists for homeless children; and (3) Increase funding for school counselors and mental health services. (Author abstract)

Title: Foster Care Services: Process, Practice and Policy. Participant Guide.
Published: 2007
Available from: Georgia Department of Human Resources
http://dfcs.dhr.georgia.gov/portal/site/DHR-DFCS/
Division of Family and Children Services
Constituent Services
2 Peachtree Street, NW
Suite 18-486

Atlanta, GA 30303
Printable version (PDF): http://dhr.state.ga.us/DHR-DFCS/DHR_DFCS-Edu/Files/Electronic%20FC%20PG%207-01-07.pdf
Abstract: This participant's guide presents information and materials designed to prepare professionals for providing foster care services in Georgia. Seven modules are included that address: case management skills, the purpose and philosophy of foster care, and policy mandates relating to case file organization; the authority and process by which children enter foster care, the foster care policies, and the online policy manual; interviewing, documenting and completing the necessary forms; the Comprehensive Child and Family Assessment; the case planning process using family centered practice techniques and the Case Plan Reporting System; the activities of case management, including the monitoring of case progress, and criteria for case closure and phases of reunification. Modules include legal citations, case studies, and practice activities. 6 references.

Title: Interagency Agreements: Improving Educational Outcomes for Florida's Children in Foster Care.
Author(s): Williams, Kele.;Moore, Andrea.
Published: 2007
Available from: Florida's Children First
http://floridaschildrenfirst.org/
1801 N. University Drive, 3rd Floor, Suite B
Coral Springs, FL 33071
Printable version (PDF): http://www.law.miami.edu/pdf/728.pdf
Abstract: This report on the creation and implementation of agreements between foster care agencies and school boards identifies the Florida districts that have adopted interagency agreements and assesses whether the agreements include key provisions necessary to collaboratively address educational issues. The report also provides recommendations based on promising provisions and practices in Florida and other states, as well as national research and policy reports. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Massachusetts Department of Social Services Breakthrough Series Collaborative on Adolescent Permanency: Promising Practices and Lessons Learned.
Author(s): Agosti, Jen.;Morrill, Sarah.
Published: 2007
Available from: Massachusetts Department of Social Services
http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=eohhs2agencylanding&L=4&L0=Home&L1=Government&L2=Departments+and+Divisions&L3=Department+of+Social+Services&sid=Eeohhs2
24 Farnsworth Street

Boston, MA 02210
Printable version (PDF): http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/permanency/MA_DSS_Adolescent_Permanency_BSC_Promising%20Practices_Final%20Report.pdf
Abstract: In November 2005, under the leadership of Commissioner Harry Spence, Deputy Commissioner of Field Operations Susan Getman, and Assistant Commissioner of Adoption, Foster Care, and Adolescent Services Mary Gambon, the Massachusetts Department of Social Services conducted the first statewide, fully state-sponsored Breakthrough Series Collaborative (BSC) in child welfare. This BSC had the participation of all 29 Area Offices in the state and also included representation from the states of Rhode Island and Maine. This report highlights the emerging themes and practices resulting from the work of the participating teams focused on permanency for adolescents. The BSC process, combined with a willingness to participate from all levels of DSS, made it possible for trust to be garnered, ideas to be tested, themes to emerge, and promising practices to be identified. Lessons learned address both practice-related themes as well as lessons that speak to the use of a quality improvement methodology to improve case practice. (Author abstract)

Title: Member Directory / American Academy of Adoption Attorneys.
Published: 2007
Available from: American Academy of Adoption Attorneys
http://www.adoptionattorneys.org
PO Box 33053
Washington, DC 20033
Document available online at: http://adoptionattorneys.org/information/agency_directory.htm
Abstract: This directory includes a clickable map, State list, and alphabetical list of members.

Title: Could Dialectical Behavior Therapy Help Young Children in Foster Care Circumvent the Long-Term Effects of Early Trauma?
Author(s): Theiss, Diana.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Michigan Child Welfare Law Journal
v. 11, 2, Winter 2007-2008, p. 33-41
Available from: Chance at Childhood Program
http://chanceatchildhood.msu.edu/
Law and Social Work Clinic
541 E. Grand River Avenue
East Lansing, MI 48823
Printable version (PDF): http://chanceatchildhood.msu.edu/pdf/CWLJ_winter_1.pdf
Abstract: This paper explains the prenatal and postnatal trauma children in foster care have experienced and how Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) can be used to address the difficulties faced by children who have been traumatized. DBT is described as a way to teach and promote acceptance of self, personal histories, and current situations while simultaneously actively helping the client work toward changing unhealthy or problematic thoughts, emotions, or behaviors. Core elements of DBT are explored and include: a biosocial theory of the disorder, a conceptual framework of stages of treatment, a clear prioritizing of treatment targets within each stage, delineation of the functions treatment must serve, treatment modes that fulfill those functions, and several sets of acceptance strategies, change strategies, and treatment strategies. The impact of prenatal drug abuse and abusive and neglectful parenting are reviewed, and the benefits of using DBT and mindfulness with foster children are highlighted. 27 references.

Title: Adoption and Foster Care by Gay and Lesbian Parents in the United States.
Author(s): Gates, Gary J.;Badgett, M.V. Lee.;Macomber, Jennifer Ehrle.;Chambers, Kate.;
Published: 2007
Available from: Urban Institute
http://www.urban.org
2100 M Street, NW
Washington, DC 20037
Document available online at: http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=411437
Printable version (PDF): http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411437_Adoption_Foster_Care.pdf
Abstract: Discussion and debate about adoption and foster care by gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) parents occurs frequently among policymakers, social service agencies, and social workers. Three states currently restrict GLB people from adopting and more are considering similar policies. This report provides new information on GLB adoption and foster care from several government data sources. It offers a demographic portrait of the estimated 65,500 adopted children and 14,100 foster children living with gay and lesbian parents. It also assesses the costs to child welfare systems of proposed bans on allowing GLB people to foster. (Author abstract)

Title: The Value of Adoption.
Author(s): Hansen, Mary Eschelbach.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Adoption Quarterly
v. 10, 2, 2007, p. 65-87
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Recent work shows that the governmental cost of adoption is about half the cost of long-term foster care for children whose birth parents' rights have been terminated. Because adoption is also associated with greater accumulation of human and social capital, the total savings to government in areas such as special education and criminal justice is of the same magnitude as the child welfare savings. The private benefit to adopted children in terms of additional income earned over their working lives is similarly large. In all, a dollar spent on the adoption of a child from foster care yields about three dollars in benefits. (Author abstract)

Title: DFPS Rapid Response Team Investigation of Child Placing Agency Foster Homes: Summary of Activities from December 2006 - March 2007.
Published: 2007
Available from: Texas Department of Family and Protective Services
http://www.dfps.state.tx.us/
701 W. 51st Street
Austin, TX 78751
Printable version (PDF): http://www.dfps.state.tx.us/documents/about/pdf/2007-04-04_Mesa.pdf
Abstract: Three child fatalities over a 16-month period, between August 2005 and December 2006, raised serious concerns about safety in foster homes verified by Mesa Family Services, a child placing agency (CPA) in Texas. After the first two child fatalities in Mesa foster homes, the CPA relinquished its license and contract with the Texas Dept. of Family and Protective Services (DFPS). Its foster homes transferred to other CPAs, the majority to Therapeutic Family Life. In December 2006, DFPS formed a Rapid Response Team to investigate and review risk factors in all foster homes previously verified by Mesa Family Services to ensure the safety of foster children in these homes. The executive-directed Rapid Response project entailed placement suspensions, statewide onsite investigations of 126 foster homes within a two-week period, reverification of detailed background and criminal history check information, additional FBI and local law enforcement checks, and a final review by trained risk assessment staff of all of the gathered information. Although the Rapid Response Teams found the majority of foster homes to be providing safe and adequate care, some homes had minor compliance concerns and some had major safety concerns. There were four general areas of concern identified in the course of the Rapid Response: (1) The quality of home studies, or detailed social histories of family dynamics that assess whether a family is appropriate for foster parenting; (2) Children's placements mismatched with the abilities and expectations of foster parents; (3) The degree to which financial risk factors were properly assessed and mitigated in the verification and ongoing management of foster homes; and (4) The degree to which required background check information was obtained and used to ensure child safety The findings of the Rapid Response Team led to the closure of 17 foster homes formerly licensed by Mesa and the movement of 22 children to other homes. Since the review period, additional closures and placement changes have occurred. DFPS continues to use its contracting and regulatory mechanisms to address remaining concerns. The Department offers recommendations to improve the processes by which foster homes are verified and managed by CPAs and areas for internal DFPS improvements. Further, DFPS details improvements that can be achieved through a legislative agenda designed to heighten contract and licensing oversight of foster care providers. (Author abstract)

Title: Kinship Permanency Incentive Program Annual Report, (January 2006-December 2006).
Published: 2007
Available from: Office of Jobs and Families
http://jfs.ohio.gov/
30 East Broad Street, 32nd Floor

Columbus, OH 43215-3414
Printable version (PDF): http://jfs.ohio.gov/ocf/KPIfourthQuarterly.pdf
Abstract: Ohio's new Kinship Permanency Incentive program (KPI), authorized by Amended House Bill 66, and became effective January 2006. This program, supported with $10 million from Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) for each year of the biennium, is designed to promote a permanent commitment by kinship caregivers for minor children who are unable to safely remain in their own homes due to an adjudication that they are abused, neglected, dependent, or unruly. KPI program provides time-limited incentive payments to eligible caregivers who accept legal custody or legal guardianship of kin children on or after July 1, 2005. This program provides for eligible families to receive an initial payment of $1,000 per child to defray the initial costs associated with assuming the child's care. Families continuing to meet eligibility requirements may receive additional $500 payments at six month intervals within a thirty-six month period, up to a maximum of $3500. Participation in this program does not preclude these families from receiving Child Only TANF benefits or funds for the Early Learning Initiative (ELI). Eligible kinship caregivers need to initiate the application process at their local Public Children Service Agency (PCSA). This report is the first annual report for the KPI program. The activities occurring for KPI program during January - December 2006 are described in the following sections. This is a descriptive, not an analytical report. (Author abstract)

Title: Administrators in Public Child Welfare: Responding to Immigrant Families in Crisis.
Author(s): Borelli, Ken.;Earner, Ilze.;Lincroft, Yali.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Protecting Children
v. 22, 2, 2007, p. 8-19
Available from: American Humane
http://www.americanhumane.org/
63 Inverness Drive East
Englewood, CO 80112
Printable version (PDF): http://www.f2f.ca.gov/res/AdministratorsInPublicChildWelfare.pdf
Abstract: This article addresses the special considerations and nuances for child welfare cases involving immigrant families. Recommended intervention strategies are based on the premises of concurrent planning and collaborative team decision making to ensure the safety, permanency, and well-being of immigrant children, regardless of immigration status issues affecting the family. Five scenarios are provided involving immigrant families to illustrate potential service plans. 22 references.

Title: Back on Track: Information for Youth in Care [DVD].
Published: 2006
Available from: Washington State Department of Social and Health Services
http://www1.dshs.wa.gov/
DSHS Constituent Services
PO Box 45130
Olympia, WA 98504-5130
Abstract: Designed for adolescents entering foster care in Washington State, this 34-minute DVD features foster care youth explaining the foster care system. Information is provided on laws governing foster care, permanency, the rights of foster care youth, and court proceedings. The roles of guardians ad litem and other professionals are explained, as well as the different types of court hearings and placements. The structure and services offered by the Department of Children and Family Services are then explained, and strategies are offered for making the best of foster care placements. Additional information is provided on the grievance process, the development of the Independent Service and Safety Plan, the role of the team in helping youth, permanency planning, the Independent Living Program, and financial aid for college.

Title: The Impact of Recruitment-Generated Bias on Qualitative Research Interviews with Foster Children.
Author(s): Bogolub, Ellen B.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Families in Society
v. 87, 1, January-March 2006, p. 140-143
Available from: Families in Society
http://www.familiesinsociety.org
11700 West Lake Park Drive
Milwaukee, WI 53224-3099
Abstract: In a public child welfare agency, six children were recruited for a pilot qualitative study about foster children's transitions from birth homes to out-of-home care. Recruitment was protracted and in-depth and involved contact with children, birth parents, and foster parents. While conducting qualitative research interviews with the children, knowledge was gained about the impact of recruitment-generated bias on such interviews, a topic about which there appears to be no prior literature. Detailed vignettes illustrate how such bias can constrict the researcher's ability to understand foster children's communications. The impact of recruitment-generated bias on the researcher's professional relationships is identified. Suggestions to help researchers counter recruitment-generated bias and ideas for further study of recruitment-generated bias are offered. (Author abstract, modified)

Title: Impact of the Adoption and Safe Families Act on Youth and Their Families: Perspectives of Foster Care Providers, Youth with Emotional Disorders, Service Providers, and Judges.
Author(s): Humphrey, Kristen R.;Turnbull, Ann P.;Turnbull, H. Rutherford.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Children and Youth Services Review
v. 28, 2, February 2006, p. 113-132
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: This article, which describes a component of a larger research project, focuses on participants' perspectives on (a) ways that the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) affected access to services for children with emotional or behavioral disabilities and their families, and (b) other ways that the ASFA affected children with emotional or behavioral disabilities and their families. Fifty-eight interviews with 33 participants (youth in out-of-home placements, their parents, foster care providers, service providers, and judges) took place. Participants reported that they believed the ASFA shortened the amount of time families had for correcting problems while their children were in custody. Some service providers may feel less inclined to help families because the law seems to require less from service providers than was required in the past. In addition, participants believed that when courts make decisions involving families, those decisions are more likely to call for termination of parental rights than for reunification. The investigators offer recommendations regarding these issues that involve the ASFA, families, and children with disabilities. (Author abstract)

Title: Children Living Out-of-Home: Effects of Family and Environmental Characteristics.
Author(s): Berger, Lawrence M.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Children and Youth Services Review
v. 28, 2, February 2006, p. 158-179
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Printable version (PDF): http://socwork.wisc.edu/lmberger/Berger_CYSR2004_Final.pdf#search=%22Children%20living%20out-of-home%3A%20Effects%20of%20family%20and%20environmental%20characteristics%22
Abstract: This paper uses data from the NLSY to estimate the effects of income, family structure, and public policies on the probability that a mother has children living in various out-of-home settings. Results suggest that lower-income mothers and those living in single-parent and mother-partner families are more likely to have children living out-of-home in a given year than are mothers in higher-income and mother-father families. Higher welfare benefits are associated with decreased probabilities that children are living in service settings, but increased probabilities that they are living with relatives. Higher foster care payments are associated with increased service setting placements. (Author abstract)

Title: Youth with Disabilities Aging Out of Foster Care: Issues and Support Strategies.
Author(s): Hill, Katharine.;Stenhjem, Pat.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Impact
v. 19, 1, Fall/Winter 2005/06, p. 18-19, 39
Available from: Institute on Community Integration
http://ici.umn.edu
University of Minnesota
102 Pattee Hall, 150 Pillsbury Drive SE
Minneapolis, MN 55455
Document available online at: http://ici.umn.edu/products/impact/191/over16.html
Printable version (PDF): http://ici.umn.edu/products/impact/191/191.pdf
Abstract: This article addresses the unique needs of foster youth with disabilities and best practices in the transition planning process.

Title: Recommendations for Effective Partnerships on Youth Permanence: Between Group Homes and Child Welfare.
Author(s): Louisell, Mardith J.
Published: 2006
Available from: California Permanency for Youth Project
http://www.cpyp.org/
663 13th Street, Suite 300
Oakland, CA 94612
Printable version (PDF): http://www.cpyp.org/Files/WSJGrpHomes.pdf
Abstract: This work group articulated recommendations for a partnership between child welfare and group homes to achieve permanency for all youth, including legal permanency. Legal permanency includes reunification, adoption, guardianship, and, where none of those is possible, an adult who makes a non-legal but formal life-long commitment to permanency. Threads that run through the recommendations include: A collaborative approach to change; A commitment to measurement of results and feedback; Assumption of a larger role for group homes in assuring permanency; and Examination of pre-existing child welfare and group home practice, including attitudes to reunification with families that may be detrimental to permanence. The work group developed the following eight recommendations for establishing and supporting permanency for all children and youth. The recommendations focus on actions that group homes, child welfare, and the California Department of Social Services (CDSS) can take to improve outcomes in youth permanency. (Author abstract)

Title: Focus Group Study: Foster Care Families, Children, and Education.
Published: 2006
Available from: Maryland public policy institute
http://www.mdpolicy.org/
1 Research Court
Suite 450

Rockville, MA 20850
Printable version (PDF): http://www.mdpolicy.org/research/pubID.128/pub_detail.asp
Abstract: The Maryland Public Policy Institute is working to spearhead initiatives that help children entrusted in the foster care system to simultaneously receive a high-quality education. Many of these children experience unstable and often abusive living conditions. Social service placement typically requires frequent relocations for these wards of the courts: home-to-home, community-to-community and school-to-school. At this time, The Maryland Public Policy Institute has enlisted the services of Baltimore Research to conduct research that will aid in gaining a better understanding of the impact of foster care on the education of those in its charge. Baltimore Research conducted two focus groups, which are described in this report. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Functioning of Israeli Group-Homes Alumni: Exploring Gender Differences and In-Care Correlates.
Author(s): Schiff, Miriam.;Benbenishty, Rami.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Children and Youth Services Review
v. 28, 1, February 2006, p. 133-157
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: This follow-up study examined the current functioning of young adult alumni of a large network of group-homes in Israel. Our aim was to identify factors explaining their current functioning and explore gender differences. Background and in-care experiences were gathered on 143 alumni (64 men and 79 women). One hundred nine of those alumni (51 men and 58 women) agreed to be interviewed. Despite their disadvantaged background prior to entering care, alumni functioned adequately and were in good health. Girls seem to have more positive in-care experiences than boys. A child's academic functioning while in care was a positive predictor for alumni current functioning status. Our study identifies areas of concern such as alumni relative low educational level, and suggests directions for future interventions and longitudinal studies. (Author abstract)

Title: What's Missing from Foster Care Reform? The Need For Comprehensive, Realistic, and Compassionate Removal Standards.
Author(s): Liebman, Theo.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Hamline Journal of Public Law and Policy
v. 28, 1, Fall 2006, p. 141-176
Available from: Hamline University School of Law
1536 Hewitt Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55104
Document available online at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=961407
Abstract: This article explains how and why current child removal standards developed such a limited and ultimately perilous focus, describes an innovative approach recently introduced by the social services field and the legal system to more accurately determine the risks to a child before home removal, and proposes how this new approach can be used by attorneys, judges, and policy makers to institute removal standards which ensure children are no longer place in harmful settings under the guise of protection. 126 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Child Welfare: The Chafee Foster Care Independence Program (CFCIP).
Author(s): Fernandes, Adrienne L.
Published: 2006
Available from: CRS Reports
http://opencrs.cdt.org/
Center for Democracy & Technology
1634 Eye Street NW #1100
Washington, DC 20006
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nilausa.org/membersonly/Chafee%20Report%20RS22501.pdf
Abstract: While most young people have access to financial and emotional support systems throughout their early adult years, former foster care youth often lack assistance in developing independent living skills to ease the transition to adulthood. Recognizing the difficulties faced by youth exiting foster care, Congress passed the Chafee Foster Care Independence Act (P.L. 106-169) to expand the population of youth eligible to receive independent living services and to give states greater flexibility in designing their independent living programs. Under P.L. 106-169, Congress doubled the mandatory funding available to states for independent living services, from $70 million to $140 million. In 2002, Congress passed legislation (P.L. 107-133) to allocate discretionary funding to eligible current and former foster care youth for education and training vouchers, worth up to $5,000. The House is currently considering H.R. 3471, which, if enacted, would address weaknesses in the implementation of the Chafee Foster Care Independence Program (CFCIP). This report briefly describes the CFCIP and will be updated as significant legislative developments occur. (Author abstract)

Title: Improving the Recruitment and Retention of Human Service Professionals in Public Child Welfare: Toward a Professional Workforce in Workplaces Supportive of Professionalism.
Author(s): Lawson, Hal A.
Published: 2005
Available from: New York State Office of Children and Family Services
http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us
Capital View Office Park
52 Washington Street

Rensselaer, NY 12144-2796
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us/ohrd/swec/pubs/Need-want-aspiration%20Index-%20Professionalism%20brief.pdf
Abstract: This paper explores the confusion over the professional status of social workers, and highlights the need to reprofessionalize child welfare workers to improve recruitment and retention. It begins with an overview of the idea of a profession and professionalism, and implications for recruitment. Four key improvement priorities are then identified: optimizing workplaces in concert with workforce development, recruitment dynamics and mechanisms, the organizational initiation-induction system, and the embedding of standards of professionalism in jobs, work expectations, supervision, evaluation mechanisms, accountability structures, rules, and policies. A preliminary inventory of the professionals' expectations, wants, and needs is then provided that includes examples of practical assessment questions child welfare leaders may address in planning for a professional workforce in workplaces supportive of professionalism. 1 figure.

Title: Family Ties Project: Life Planning Services for Families Affected by HIV/AIDS: Final Report 2000-2004.
Author(s): Menzer, Jeffery A.;Nelson, Sandi.
Published: 2005
Available from: Family Ties Project
http://familytiesproject.org/
Consortium for Child Welfare
1438 Rhode Island Avenue, N.E.
Washington, DC 20018
Printable version (PDF): http://familytiesproject.org/Documents/FinalReport.Y5toY8.pdf
Abstract: This report describes the activities and accomplishments during the second federal grant period of the Family Ties Project, a Washington, D.C. program that assists parents affected by HIV/AIDS in making legal arrangements for the future care of their children in the event of the parents' incapacity or death. An introductory section provides a description of the inputs to the project: the resources, staff, collaborators, and structure. Subsequent sections focus on a description of the activities and outputs of the project, including the services provided, number of clients served, and number and type of information projects developed and disseminated. Client outcomes are primarily discussed in section 5, where the achievement of the Family Ties Project on ensuring children affected by HIV/AIDS are not abandoned through the development and provision of comprehensive permanency planning service is analyzed. Following the discussion of outcomes, the achievement of the project's objectives identified in the funding proposal is reviewed. The report concludes with a discussion of findings and program implications. Numerous graphs. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Service Needs of Foster Families with Children who have Disabilities.
Author(s): Brown, Jason D.;Moraes, Sabrina.;Mayhew, Janet.
Published: 2005
Journal Name: Journal of Child and Family Studies
v. 14, 3, p. 417-429
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: We examined the service needs of foster families with children who have disabilities. Foster parents in a large Canadian city were asked "What services or supports would be helpful to you?" The responses to this question were edited for clarity and to eliminate redundancies, and sorted into piles of like statements by a group of 15 foster care professionals. Two types of statistical analysis were applied to the sorting of the statements to describe the relationship between statements and their groupings. The major concepts were identified according to the contents of the cluster and a map was constructed to provide a graphic representation of the conceptualization process. The major services and supports identified in this study were: support in the community, financial support, accommodating school system, good relationships with social workers, responsive professionals, information, comprehensive health care, services for aboriginal children and families, transitional services and respite. (Author abstract)

Title: Module 4: Promoting the Well Being of Children in Substitute Care [Website].
Published: 2005
Available from: Children and Family Research Center
http://cfrcwww.social.uiuc.edu/welcome.htm
School of Social Work, UIUC
1203 W. Oregon
Urbana, IL 61801
Document available online at: http://cfrcwww.social.uiuc.edu/outcomeprac/mod4p1.htm
Abstract: This module is designed to be a six hour training that focuses on achieving placement stability for children in care. The module provides information on how this outcome can be integrated into daily casework and performance tools that help casework professionals better manage toward this outcome. This module was developed specifically for the Illinois child welfare system; however, the material can be adapted and used for child welfare systems outside of Illinois. The module has not been updated since March, 2005 so the data used in the section 'Understanding Your Performance Data' is out dated. Likewise, the 'agency performance data' that is mentioned in this training module is no longer available. Agencies would need to replace this entire section with their own current data. This training module is considered beginner to intermediate level. It is designed for staff at the field level. (Author abstract)

Title: 425 Ways to Stretch Your $$$$.
Author(s): Williams, Vernon.
Published: 2004
Available from: Vernon Williams
http://www.vernonwilliams.net/
8775 Centre Park Dr. #426
Columbia, MD 21045
Abstract: This book explains 425 ways individuals can implement strategies designed to maintain their standard of living while drastically cutting costs. Tips are divided into 31 topics that address cutting taxes, paying off credit card debt, reducing food and entertainment costs, saving on utility costs, cutting health insurance costs, reducing educational costs, saving on mortgage costs and home equity loans, and lowering prescription drug costs and hospital bills.

Title: Families for Teens: A Toolkit for Focusing, Educating and Motivating Staff.
Author(s): Heffernan, Maureen S.;Lewis, Robert G.
Published: 2004
Available from: The Toolkit
http://www.thetoolkit.org
4 Mayflower Lane
Gloucester, MA 01930-4321
Abstract: Designed to provide on-going support to child welfare workers, this toolkit addresses major concepts and problem areas in building an effective teen permanence program. It presents 41 discussion topics to use in staff meetings to support and re-energize staff. Unit 1 consists of nine topics addressing resistance to adoption and family reconnection for adolescents, why teens need families, the necessity of believing adoption for teens is possible, the difference between placement and permanence, and the hidden messages given to teens in concepts such as after care and independent living. Unit 2 consists of eight topics dealing with the meaning of the Adoption and Safe Families Act, steps in the adoption process and how they can be derailed, and dealing with siblings. The feelings adolescents experience relating to foster care and loss are addressed in the six topics in Unit 3, and Unit 4 focuses on shared parenting and using both birth and foster parents as resources. The six topics covered in Unit 5 provide guidance on how to bring up permanence to teens, why they often reject permanence and what to do about it, and preparing teens for family reconnections. The last unit consists of six topics presenting concepts and strategies to help find families for teens, including what kind of families work for adolescents, child specific recruitment, kin adoption, and staff adoption. Each topic is presented with a discussion of the relevant issues, a case study, and discussion questions. 47 references.

Title: Older Child Adoption.
Published: 2004
Available from: National Child Welfare Resource Center for Adoption
http://www.nrcadoption.org
16250 Northland Drive
Suite 120
Southfield, MI 48075
Document available online at: http://www.nrcadoption.org/resources/emerge.htm
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nrcadoption.org/resources/prac/OlderChildAdoption.pdf
Abstract: This fact sheet discusses the number of older children in foster care who are available for adoption, federal efforts to promote older children adoptions, and issues child welfare professionals should address in order to help more of these youth achieve permanency. Issues that are explored include: worker attitudes and values that categorize children as unadoptable and limit the potential pool of adoptive families, youth who are opposed to adoption and strategies for involving youth to assist in their consideration of adoption, foster parent and kin adoptions, and the use of child-specific recruitment efforts. The need to prepare older youth for adoption is also discussed. 6 references.

Title: Foster Parent Training and Support Assessment Survey Results.
Author(s): Korvne, Gregory.
Published: 2004
Available from: New York State Office of Children and Family Services
http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us
Capital View Office Park
52 Washington Street

Rensselaer, NY 12144-2796
Document available online at: http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us/main/fostercare/2004survey.asp
Abstract: In partnership with the Center for the Development of Human Services and other child welfare stakeholders such as foster parents, OCFS recently designed and distributed a Foster Parent Training and Assessment Survey. The Foster Parent Training and Assessment Survey was designed to identify the unmet training and services needs of New York's foster parents. Both current and former foster parents, as well as foster care workers, were invited to complete the survey. The findings are currently being analyzed and they will help OCFS, local social service districts and voluntary agencies learn about barriers to the provision of training and services to foster parents. Recommendations for legislative, regulatory and procedural change based on the survey results are currently being considered. (Author abstract)

Title: Participation in Case Planning.
Published: 2004
Available from: New South Wales Department of Community Services
http://www.community.nsw.gov.au/
DoCS Head Office
Locked Bag 4028

Ashfield, NSW 2131
Document available online at: http://www.community.nsw.gov.au/DOCS/STANDARD/PC_100903.htm
Abstract: This web page includes information for foster parents about case planning.

Title: Merging Permanency and Independent Living: Lifelong Family Relationships and Life Skills for Older Youth.
Author(s): Frey, Lauren.
Published: 2004
Journal Name: NRCYD Update
Summer 2004, p. 8-10
Available from: Annie E Casey Foundation
http://www.aecf.org/
701 St. Paul St.
Baltimore, MD 21202
Printable version (PDF): http://www.aecf.org/upload/publicationfiles/cf0000k347.pdf
Abstract: This report reviews the meaning of permanency for older foster youth and highlights key principles for promising practices with older youth. Program principles include: the need to be guided by a sound definition of permanency; the need to customize perma¬nency outcomes; the need to do strategic casework with each youth; the need to be committed to comprehensive, continuous, and customized services; the need to engage youth in inte¬grated life planning; the need to be youth-centered; the need to be family-focused, using an expanded definition of family; and the need to employ a collaborative process of family team planning and decision-making. Strategies for implementing each of these principles are explained. It is emphasized that the time has come for sustained system changes that achieve outcomes in all three of the ASFA dimensions for older youth safety, permanency, and well-being. 2 references.

Title: Becoming a Foster Parent: A Primer on the Legal, Financial and Emotional Aspects of Being a Foster Parent.
Published: 2003
Available from: Twin Cities Public Television
http://www.tpt.org/
172 East Fourth Street
St. Paul, MN 55101
Document available online at: http://web.archive.org/web/20070615114314/http://www.rightonthemoney.org/shows/505_foster/index.html
Abstract: This fact sheet offers advice for those considering foster parenting. Recommendations include: take advantage of support services, talk to other foster parents, don?t count on getting your expenses entirely covered, take advantage of adoption subsidies if the placement leads to adoption, and allow the child to adjust.

Title: Community Programs to Promote Youth Development.
Author(s): Eccles, Jacquelynne.;Gootman, Jennifer Appleton.
Published: 2002
Available from: National Academies Press
http://www.nap.edu/
500 Fifth Street NW
Lockbox 285
Washington, DC 20055
Document available online at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10022#toc
Abstract: After-school programs, scout groups, community service activities, religious youth groups, and other community-based activities have long been thought to play a key role in the lives of adolescents. But what do we know about the role of such programs for today's adolescents? How can we ensure that programs are designed to successfully meet young people's developmental needs and help them become healthy, happy, and productive adults? Community Programs to Promote Youth Development explores these questions, focusing on essential elements of adolescent well-being and healthy development. It offers recommendations for policy, practice, and research to ensure that programs are well designed to meet young people's developmental needs. The book also discusses the features of programs that can contribute to a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. It examines what we know about the current landscape of youth development programs for America's youth, as well as how these programs are meeting their diverse needs. Recognizing the importance of adolescence as a period of transition to adulthood, Community Programs to Promote Youth Development offers authoritative guidance to policy makers, practitioners, researchers, and other key stakeholders on the role of youth development programs to promote the healthy development and well-being of the nation's youth. (Author abstract)

Title: Adoptions in California: Agency, Independent, and Intercountry Adoption Programs Annual Statistical Report July 1, 1998-June 30, 1999: Executive Summary, May 2001.
Author(s): Marker, Nancy.;Magruder, Joe.
Published: 2001
Available from: California Department of Social Services
http://www.dss.cahwnet.gov/cdssweb/Default.htm
744 P Street, Suite 1750

Sacramento, CA 95814
Abstract: This executive summary describes the aggregate adoption activities and statistics for agency adoptions, independent adoptions, and intercountry adoptions in California from July 1, 1998 to June 30, 1999. It begins by explaining key facts about agency, independent, and intercountry adoptions before presenting adoption statistics. Data indicate: there were 7,743 total adoptions in California during this time; agency adoptions are the most common type of adoption; two-thirds of all adoptions were public agency adoptions of children from the foster care system; single agency adoption was the most common practice within agency adoptions; California placed more children in other States than it received; recommendations to the court are usually, but not always, followed by the court in their final determinations; and intercountry adoptions in FY 1998-99 represented only 8% of all adoptions. A second report is attached that examines emergency response caseload trends and characteristics. Statistics are offered on the number of investigated referrals and substantiated cases. Results found that while referrals have gradually increased, the number substantiated has remained constant. 9 figures and 10 tables.

Title: Adoptions in California: Agency, Independent, and Intercountry Adoption Programs Annual Statistical Report July 1, 1998-June 30, 1999.
Published: 2001
Available from: California Department of Social Services
http://www.dss.cahwnet.gov/cdssweb/Default.htm
744 P Street, Suite 1750

Sacramento, CA 95814
Abstract: This annual report describes the aggregate adoption activities and statistics for the State Fiscal Year (SFY) 1998-99 for agency adoptions, independent adoptions, and intercountry adoptions in California. It begins with a description of California adoption programs and adoption agencies before presenting 12 data tables and data collection instruments. Statistics indicate: 8,963 children were legally freed for adoption during SFY 1998-99; 5,902 adoptions were finalized; 8,471 new families applied to adoption children and 5,939 were approved; 341 California children were adopted in other States; 200 children from other States were adopted in California; 1,225 court approvals to adopt were recommended for independent adoptions; 410 new children from other countries were placed in California homes; and 616 children from other countries were adopted in California. 12 tables.

Title: The Ties that Bind: Fact Sheets.
Author(s): Huttinger, Lisa.;Weinstein, Naomi.;Zinzi, Angela.
Published: 2001
Available from: Children of Alcoholics Foundation
164 W. 74th St.
New York, NY 10701
Abstract: This collection of 24 fact sheets provide practical suggestions for solving common problems that kinship caregivers face when caring for children of substance-abusing parents. An introduction explains the purpose of the fact sheets, how they were developed, and an index of the topics covered. Topics include: feelings of caregivers and coping strategies; getting support; taking back the power; preserving family relationships; caring for an infant; caring for a child; caring for teens; identifying and promoting the strengths of children; helping children cope; counseling and professional support for children; promoting good behavior; behavior problems of children of substance-abusing parents; contact with parents and behavior problems; how to live with a drug-abusing parent; how to ensure goods visits with parents; preparing for reunification; managing violence and criminal behavior; understanding substance abuse; understanding substance abuse it is not the caregiver's fault; discussing drugs and alcohol with the child; discussing addiction, recovery, and relapse with children; signs and symptoms of drug abuse; handling teen substance abuse; encouraging drug and alcohol treatment; and addressing concerns about current or past use of alcohol or other drugs. The fact sheets provide examples of how other caregivers are coping.

Title: The Ties that Bind: Parental Substance Abuse and Kinship Care.
Author(s): Weinstein, Naomi.;Takas, Marianne.
Published: 2001
Available from: Children of Alcoholics Foundation
http://www.coaf.org/
164 W. 74th St.
New York, NY 10701
Abstract: This guide is intended for relative caregivers who are caring for a child of a substance abusing parent. It begins with a discussion of the challenges faced by kinship caregivers, what is meant by substance abuse, and understanding caregivers did not cause the addiction, cannot control it, and cannot cure it. Following chapters discuss: strategies for caregivers to use cope with their feelings and to take care of themselves; prenatal drug exposure and health problems faced by children of substance abusing adults, behavior problems, strategies for encouraging good behavior, and counseling services for children; setting reasonable limits in relations with the parents, basic safety practices and rules, enforcing the rules, protection orders, and preparing for reunification; and specific steps to help the child avoid future substance abuse and guidelines for talking with the substance abusing parent about getting help and seeking recovery. A list of additional resources is included.

Title: A Unique Approach To Peer Support For Foster Families.
Author(s): Stillemunkes, Debbie.
Published: 2000
Journal Name: OACAS Journal.
v. 44, 3, October 2000, p. 5-6
Available from: Ontario Association of Children's Aid Societies
http://www.oacas.org/
75 Front Street East, 2nd floor
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5E 1V9
Printable version (PDF): http://web.archive.org/web/20040613150057/www.oacas.org/resources/OACASJournals/2000October/Approach.pdf
Abstract: The challenges foster parents face in accessing support are discussed, and a peer support program developed by the Foster Parent Association of the Children's Aid Society of Toronto is highlighted. The Foster Care Resource Unit provides foster parents with the support and advice of Foster Parent Support Workers, experienced foster parents that work with new foster families before, during, and after their first placement, supporting, guiding and providing practical information. The Foster Parent Support Workers also provide foster parents with a 24-hour on call service through the use of a pager.

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