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Safety - Results (122 Publications)

Title: Placement and Permanency Outcomes for Children in Out-of-Home Care by Prior Inpatient Mental Health Treatment.
Author(s): Park, Jung Min.;Ryan, Joseph P.
Published: 2009
Journal Name: Research on Social Work Practice
v. 19, 1, January 2009, p. 42-51
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Objective: This longitudinal study followed 5,978 children in out-of-home care to examine whether placement and permanency outcomes differ between children with and without a history of inpatient mental health treatment. Method: Data were drawn from child welfare and Medicaid records from the state of Illinois. Logistic regression and survival analysis were applied. Results: A history of inpatient mental health treatment preceding out-of-home placement was associated with an increased risk for placement instability for White children and a decreased likelihood of achieving permanency for African American children. Conclusions: Children with an inpatient mental health treatment episode may benefit from assessment of service needs upon their entry into out-of-home care and continued follow-ups for reducing placement disruptions and facilitating timely permanence. (Author abstract)

Title: Helping Families who are Victims of Domestic Violence. (Chapter 12 in Mental Health Interventions and Services for Vulnerable Children and Young People.)
Author(s): Brooks, Rachel.;Webb, Elspeth.
Published: 2008
Available from: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
http://www.jkp.com
400 Market St.
Suite 400
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This chapter reviews the impact of domestic abuse on the physical health, cognitive development, and mental health of children, and collaborative interagency and inter-sectorial interventions to address the mental health needs of children and adolescents exposed to domestic violence. Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention approaches are discussed. 44 references.

Title: Gearing Up to Improve Outcomes for Families: New York State Collaborative Practice Guide for Managers and Supervisors in Child Welfare, Chemical Dependency Services, and Court Systems.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Child Welfare Resource Center for Organizational Improvement.
http://muskie.usm.maine.edu/helpkids/
Muskie School-USM
P.O. Box 15010
400 Congress Street
Portland, ME 04112-5010
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us/main/publications/Pub5073.pdf
Abstract: This guidebook, developed with technical assistance provided by the National Center on Substance Abuse and Child Welfare (NCSACW), is based on the premise that when substance use disorders affect children and families, children can suffer from abuse and/ or neglect. When this occurs, it is essential that the Chemical Dependency, Child Welfare and Family Court systems work together with families to achieve child safety, sustained parental recovery, and family wellbeing. This tool was created to serve as a desk reference for staff to assist in maximizing their effectiveness in working with families, and each other. It is only through collaboration and communication across systems and with families that we can give families an opportunity to achieve long-term recovery. This guide is designed specifically for the State of New York, and is modeled after the ACS/OASAS protocol as well as the national SAFERR (Screening and Assessment for Family Engagement, Retention and Recovery) model. Like SAFERR, this guide is based on three overarching principles: (1) The co-occurrence of child maltreatment and substance use disorders demands urgency, and the highest standards of practice from everyone charged with assuring child safety and promoting family wellbeing; (2) Success is possible and feasible. Staff in each system has the desire and potential to change individual lives and create responsible public policies; and (3) Family members must be active partners and participants in addressing these problems. This guide highlights the opportunities for the caseworkers, Chemical Dependency counselors, and court personnel that work with families to coordinate their efforts in order to: (1) Establish local cross-system teams to share information and coordinate case planning and service delivery to improve the ability of families to succeed; (2) Develop tools and strategies to incorporate into daily practice protocols; (3) Provide Courts with information to facilitate timely and informed decisions regarding child safety and permanency; and (4) Employ jointly defined mechanisms for problem-solving and success-sharing. (Author abstract)

Title: Therapeutic Services for Homeless Families and Young People. (Chapter 11 in Mental Health Interventions and Services for Vulnerable Children and Young People.)
Author(s): Vostanis, Panos
Published: 2008
Available from: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
http://www.jkp.com
400 Market St.
Suite 400
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This chapter considers the mental health needs and characteristics of homeless children and young people, and explores issues relating to access to appropriate health and social care services. Principles and models of therapeutic and support services for homeless families are discussed, and the family support service model is highlighted. Service models and interventions for homeless single young people are also discussed. Case vignettes are provided throughout the text to illustrate clinical applications. 80 references.

Title: Concordance Between Adolescent Reports of Childhood Abuse and Child Protective Service Determinations in an At-Risk Sample of Young Adolescents.
Author(s): Everson, Mark D.;Smith, Jamie B.;Hussey, Jon M.;English, Diana.;Litrownik, Alan J.;Dubowitz, Howard.;Thompson, Richard.;Knight, Elizabeth Dawes.;Runyan, Desmond K.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Maltreatment
v. 13, 1, February 2008, p. 14-26
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: This study examines the concordance between adolescent reports of abuse and abuse determinations from Child Protective Service (CPS) agencies. It also compares the utility of adolescent reports of abuse, relative to CPS determinations in predicting adolescent psychological adjustment. The sample included 350 early adolescents, ages 12 to 13 years, who were initially identified prior to age 2 years as being at elevated risk of maltreatment. An Audio-Computer Assisted Self Interview (A-CASI) was used to assess lifetime experiences of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. The A-CASI interview elicited prevalence rates of abuse 4 to 6 times higher than those found in CPS records. However, 20 of 45 adolescents with CPS determinations of abuse failed to report abuse during the study interview. Adolescent psychological adjustment was more strongly associated with self-reports than with CPS determinations. The implications of these findings are discussed for validity of adolescent self-reports of childhood abuse and for the ongoing debate about disclosure patterns among victims of child sexual abuse. (Author abstract)

Title: The Impact of Cumulative Maternal Trauma and Diagnosis on Parenting Behavior.
Author(s): Cohen, Lisa R.;Hien, Denise A.;Batchelder, Sarai.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Maltreatment
v. 13, 1, February 2008, p. 27-38
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: This study examines the relative contributions of cumulative maternal trauma, substance use, depressive and posttraumatic stress diagnoses on parental abuse potential, punitiveness, and psychological and physical aggression in a sample of 176 urban mothers. Participants were categorized into four groups: substance use (n = 41), depressed (n = 40), comorbid (n = 47), and control (n = 48). Participants in the three diagnostic groups reported significantly greater interpersonal trauma exposure than did controls. Hierarchical regressions reveal that cumulative trauma is a significant predictor of all parenting outcomes, even after controlling for demographic and diagnostic variables. Substance use and depression are significantly related to abuse potential, and PTSD is significantly negatively related to physical discipline, with no other significant associations between diagnostic status and parenting outcomes. These findings add to an important growing literature examining the impact of cumulative trauma on parental functioning. Implications for future research and parenting interventions are discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Out-of-Home Placement of Children Exposed to Violence.
Author(s): Harpaz-Rotem, Ilan.;Berkowitz, Steven.;Marans, Steven.;Murphy, Robert A.;Rosenheck, Robert A.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Children & Society
v. 22, 1, January 2008, p. 29-40
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: There is growing concern about the increasing number of children in the USA who are exposed to community violence and the need to remove some of them from their families. This study examines risk factors for out-of-home placement among a large pool of children and adolescents who were referred for general clinical assessment following exposure to violence and/or psychological trauma in their communities or homes. Children with greater familial and environmental support and children exposed to incidents involving a non-parental personal threat were associated with a significantly lower risk of out-of-home placement. A greater likelihood of being placed out of home was associated with older age (adolescents), history of mental health service use, involvement with law enforcement agencies, higher clinical ratings of depression or impaired thought processes, lower clinical functioning and greater exposure to traumatic events. Evidence of maltreatment and a threat to life was associated with 13.6 times greater likelihood of being placed out of the home. This study raises an important issue in respect to the children's past use of mental health service and current symptoms. It is not just the risk of violence but also evidence of psychiatric problem that trigger out-of-home placement. Further studies are needed to assess the quality and effectiveness of mental health services provided to children exposed to violence. (Author abstract)

Title: Effects of a Foster Parent Training Intervention on Placement Changes of Children in Foster Care.
Author(s): Price, Joseph M.;Chamberlain, Patricia.;Landsverk, John.;Reid, John B.;Leve, Leslie.;Laurent, Heidemarie.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Maltreatment
v. 13, 1, February 2008, p. 64-75
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Placement disruptions undermine efforts of child welfare agencies to promote safety, permanency, and child well-being. Child behavior problems significantly contribute to placement changes. The aims of this investigation were to examine the impact of a foster parent training and support intervention (KEEP) on placement changes and to determine whether the intervention mitigates placement disruption risks associated with children's placement histories. The sample included 700 families with children between ages 5 and 12 years, from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. Families were randomly assigned to the intervention or control condition. The number of prior placements was predictive of negative exits from current foster placements. The intervention increased chances of a positive exit (e.g., parent/child reunification) and mitigated the risk-enhancing effect of a history of multiple placements. Incorporating intervention approaches based on a parent management training model into child welfare services may improve placement outcomes for children in foster care. (Author abstract)

Title: Longitudinal Analysis of Repeated Child Abuse Reporting and Victimization: Multistate Analysis of Associated Factors.
Author(s): Fluke, John D.;Shusterman, Gila R.;Hollinshead, Dana M.;Yuan, Ying-Ying T.;
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Maltreatment
v. 13, 1, February 2008, p. 76-88
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Most child subjects of maltreatment reports to child protective services (CPS) are involved just once, whereas other children experience repeated investigations and victimizations. This study examines individual, maltreatment, and service-related factors associated with maltreatment rereporting and substantiated rereporting in a multistate context. Case-level National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System data (505,621 children) were analyzed. Within 24 months, 22% of children were rereported, and 7% were rereported with substantiation. Younger and White and mixed race children, those with disabilities, and those whose caregivers abused alcohol were more likely to be rereported and rereported and substantiated. Service provision, including foster care placement, was associated with increased likelihood of subsequent events. When CPS agency performance is assessed using measures of reentry, separate measures may be necessary for children who receive services, so that improvements in safety can be appropriately recognized. Reentry into CPS is a complex interaction of risks to children and systemic factors tied to the intervention they receive. (Author abstract)

Title: Market-Based Disparities in Foster Care Outcomes.
Author(s): Meezan, William.;McBeath, Bowen.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Children and youth services review
v. 30, 4, April 2008, p. 388-406
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Managed care and performance-based contracting in state child welfare systems have appeared as a consequence of the increased attention that federal and state policymakers are paying to system performance and service costs. This study reports findings from a longitudinal natural experiment that examined the effects of a performance-based, managed care contracting mechanism on foster care outcomes. Multivariate analyses identified market-based disparities in some of the outcomes experienced by foster children: controlling for child, family, and caseworker characteristics, children served by agencies with performance-based, managed care contracts were less likely to be reunified and more likely to enter kinship foster homes, when compared to children served by agencies reimbursed through fee-for-service contracts. Analyses also suggested that there were few other variables consistently associated with foster care outcomes. These results call into question the evidentiary basis for the diffusion of managed care and performance-based contracting in the child welfare sector, and suggest that state child welfare systems ensure that foster care placement decisions are influenced more by child and family needs than by financial considerations. In addition, they suggest that managed care and performance-based contracts should include specific financial incentives for family reunification. (Author abstract)

Title: The Link Between Maltreatment and Juvenile Firesetting: Correlates and Underlying Mechanisms.
Author(s): Root, C.;MacKay, S.;Henderson, J.;Bove, G. Del.;Warling, D.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal.
v. 32, 2, February 2008, p. 161-176
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Objective: Despite the widely held belief that abuse is a risk factor for childhood firesetting, the role of maltreatment in firesetting is largely unexplored. This study reports on a sample of children and adolescents referred to a brief assessment and intervention program for juvenile firesetters. Firesetting histories of maltreated youth were compared to a group of firesetting youth with no maltreatment history. Methods: Participants included 205 children and youth aged 4?17 years and their caregivers. Assessments were completed with a standardized protocol. Forty-eight percent of the sample had a history of maltreatment as reported by caregivers; 26% of the sample had experienced more than one type of maltreatment. Results: When compared to the non-maltreated group, children with histories of maltreatment demonstrated more frequent fire involvement, more versatility regarding ignition sources and targets, and a greater likelihood of an immediate family stressor as a motive for firesetting (all p < .05). Maltreated children were more likely to become involved with fire out of anger (p = .001), and there was also a trend towards higher rates of recidivism (p = .07). Children's externalizing behavior partially mediated the influence of maltreatment on specific fire-related outcomes of children (OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.04?1.17; p = .001). Conclusions: Within a juvenile firesetting population, the presence of maltreatment is a risk factor for a more severe course of firesetting. The findings also suggest that the link between maltreatment and firesetting is operating partially through heightened emotional and behavioral difficulties. (Author abstract)

Title: Hostility Ratings by Parents At Risk for Child Abuse: Impact of Chronic and Temporary Schema Activation.
Author(s): Farc, Maria-Magdalena.;Crouch, Julie L.;Skowronski, John J.;Milner, Joel S.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal.
v. 32, 2, February 2008, p. 177-193
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Objective: Two studies examined whether accessibility of hostility-related schema influenced ratings of ambiguous child pictures. Based on the social information processing model of child physical abuse (CPA), it was expected that CPA risk status would serve as a proxy for chronic accessibility of hostile schema, while priming procedures were used to manipulate temporary accessibility of hostility-related schema. Methods: Participants included 108 parents (79 low and 29 high CPA risk) in Experiment 1 and 88 parents (43 low and 45 high CPA risk) in Experiment 2. Parents were randomly assigned to either hostile or neutral priming conditions. Following the priming procedures, all parents rated pictures that depicted children who appeared ambiguous with regard to the extent to which they were being hostile/cooperative. Results: In both experiments, high, compared to low, CPA risk parents rated the ambiguous child pictures as more hostile. Further, both supraliminal (Experiment 1) and subliminal (Experiment 2) exposure to hostility-related words independently increased hostility ratings. In both experiments, the influence of chronic and temporary activation of hostile schema was additive and not interactive. Conclusion: Findings from these experiments are consistent with the proposition that high CPA risk parents are more likely to infer hostility in response to ambiguous child cues. Further, accessibility of hostility-related schema in parents increases the likelihood of hostile inferences, which in turn may increase attributions of hostile intent and aggressive parenting behaviors. (Author abstract)

Title: Mothers? Protection of Their Children After Discovering They Have Been Sexually Abused: An Information-Processing Perspective.
Author(s): Coohey, Carol.;O'Leary, Patrick.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal.
v. 32, 2, February 2008, p. 245-259
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand why some non-offending mothers did not protect their children consistently after they knew they were sexually abused. Methods: The sample included 85 mothers who were involved with child protective services: 48 mothers who protected their children consistently were compared to 37 mothers who did not. Results: Several variables explained 47% of the variance in the multivariate analysis. If the mother did not ask the abuser whether the abuse occurred, attributed responsibility to the abuser, believed consistently that the abuse occurred, and was not a victim of domestic violence, then she was more likely to protect her child consistently. Conclusions: Some maternal characteristics believed to affect protectiveness, such as mothers? mental health and substance abuse, were not related to whether they protected their children consistently, whereas other variables, such as domestic violence, were. Researchers need to continue to examine these and other variables simultaneously, so that practitioners can better understand which children are most likely to receive inadequate protection. (Author abstract)

Title: Mandatory Reporting Legislation in the United States, Canada, and Australia: A Cross-Jurisdictional Review of Key Features, Differences, and Issues.
Author(s): Matthews, Ben.;Kenny, Maureen C.;
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Maltreatment
v. 13, 1, February 2008, p. 50-63
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Mandatory child abuse reporting laws have developed in particular detail in the United States, Canada, and Australia as a central part of the governments' strategy to detect cases of abuse and neglect at an early stage, protect children, and facilitate the provision of services to children and families. However, the terms of these laws differ in significant ways, both within and between these nations, with the differences tending to broaden or narrow the scope of cases required to be reported and by whom. The purpose of this article is to provide a current and systematic review of mandatory reporting legislation in the 3 countries that have invested most heavily in them to date. A comparison of key elements of these laws is conducted, disclosing significant differences and illuminating the issues facing legislatures and policymaking bodies in countries already having the laws. These findings will also be instructive to those jurisdictions still developing their laws and to those that may, in the future, choose to design a system of mandatory reporting. (Author abstract)

Title: Good News: Child Victimization Has Been Declining. Why? (Chapter 7 in Childhood Victimization: Violence, Crime, and Abuse in the Lives of Young People).
Author(s): Finkelhor, David.;Jones, Lisa.
Published: 2008
Available from: Oxford University Press
http://www.oxfordjournals.org/
2001 Evans Road
Cary, NC 27513
Abstract: This chapter looks at recent historical trends in various forms of child victimization and related child welfare indicators. Sociological factors are reviewed that may be responsible for a decline in various forms of child victimization since the mid-1990s. Factors considered include the reduction in unwanted children, economic prosperity, incarceration and incapacitation, agents of social intervention, changing norms and practices, a dissipation of the side effect of the 1960s cultural revolution, and psychopharmacology. Policy implications are discussed. 3 figures and 1 table.

Title: The Juvenile Victim System: A Concept for Helping Victims. (Chapter 8 in Childhood Victimization: Violence, Crime, and Abuse in the Lives of Young People).
Author(s): Finkelhor, David.;Cross, Ted.;Pepin, Elise N.
Published: 2008
Available from: Oxford University Press
http://www.oxfordjournals.org/
2001 Evans Road
Cary, NC 27513
Abstract: This chapter proposes a comprehensive and systemic framework for understanding the agencies and institutions that respond to child victimization, and offers a diagram that illustrates the interrelationships among parts of this system. Major elements of the justice system for juvenile victims are described, as well as what is known about the flow of cases through this system. The impact of the Juvenile Victim Justice System on victims is also explained. 1 figure.

Title: Proposals. (Chapter 9 in Childhood Victimization: Violence, Crime, and Abuse in the Lives of Young People).
Author(s): Finkelhor, David.;
Published: 2008
Available from: Oxford University Press
http://www.oxfordjournals.org/
2001 Evans Road
Cary, NC 27513
Abstract: This chapter makes recommendations for preventing and intervening in child victimization. It begins by summarizes the accomplishments of the child protection system in the United States and then highlights components of police success that should be emulated by child protection. Additional recommendations address: multiprofessional collaboration, a devolution of responsibility, broad-spectrum school-based victimization prevention, and prevention in youth-serving organizations.

Title: Incest and Parental Contact: A Psychologist's Personal Case and Literature Review. (By Anonymous)
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Child Sexual Abuse
v. 17, 1, 2008, p. 1-12
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: A psychologist's husband molested their young daughter. Consulting psychologists purported that research indicated it would be developmentally advantageous for their daughter to continue a relationship with the father following the marital separation. The consulting psychologists did not reference the literature, prompting the mother to conduct a literature review herself. The available literature recommending that a child continue the paternal relationship cites research on children of divorce, not research on the treatment of child sex abuse victims. The scant child sex abuse research that addresses contact with the abusing parent actually indicates more harm than benefit to the child. (Author abstract)

Title: Ain't I a Victim. (Chapter 9 in Domestic Violence: Intervention, Prevention, Policies, and Solutions.)
Author(s): Davis, Richard.
Published: 2008
Available from: CRC Press
http://www.crcpress.com
6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW
Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487
Abstract: This chapter explores gender bias in the domestic violence field that favors female victims and ignores male victimization. It provides examples of bias in domestic violence advocate activism, among experts, and in research reports. The claim that domestic violence is caused by sexism and oppression is examined and the invisibility of male victims is discussed. Discussion questions are included.

Title: Behavioral Outcomes for Substance-Exposed Adopted Children: Fourteen Years Postadoption.
Author(s): Crea, Thomas M.;Barth, Richard P.;Guo, Shenyang.;Brooks, Devon.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
v. 78, 1, p. 11-19
Available from: American Psychological Association
http://www.apa.org
750 1st St., NE
Washington, DC 20002
Abstract: From a life course perspective, studies of cumulative disadvantage often identify early risk factors as predictors of poor outcomes. This study examined the influence of prenatal substance exposure on children's externalizing behaviors at 14 years postadoption. Using Wave 4 data from the California Long-Range Adoption Study, the authors employed growth curve modeling to examine behavioral trajectories of 275 children as influenced by foster care status, age at adoption, and gender. Outcomes are measured using a shortened Behavioral Problem Index. Prenatal exposure predicted elevated behavior problems that increased normatively compared with nonexposed children, and were not found to trigger the negative behavior sequelae once feared. Foster children tended to fare better over the life course than those adopted through other means, except for children adopted at older ages. Adopted children's problem behaviors may be directly associated with the success of their placements. The authors discuss implications for practice and future research. (Author abstract)

Title: Childhood Victimization: Violence, Crime, and Abuse in the Lives of Young People.
Author(s): Finkelhor, David.
Published: 2008
Available from: Oxford University Press
http://www.oxfordjournals.org/
2001 Evans Road
Cary, NC 27513
Abstract: This book explores child victimization across childhood's span and presents a comprehensive and integrated approach to responding to child victimization. Chapter 1 argues that childhood victimization has been neglected as a topic and underestimated as a phenomenon in part because it has been approached in a fragmented way, and Chapter 2 outlines an integrated approach to address this fragmentation. Definitional issues in the field of developmental victimology are discussed, as well as the concept of poly-victim, a term that highlights the intersection of various forms of victimization. Chapter 3 explores which children are most likely to experience victimization and why, and promotes an integrated and comprehensive perspective on victimization risk through a critique and elaboration of the routine activities theory approach to crime vulnerability. The following chapter addresses the impact of victimization on children and introduces a model that illustrates how developmental factors such as appraisals, developmental tasks, coping strategies, and environmental buffers influence responses to victimization. Chapter 5 illustrates how naïve developmental ideas can impede a scientifically based understanding of child victimization by discussing the assumption that peer victimization is less serious when it occurs between younger children. The aftermath of child victimization is addressed in Chapter 6, along with barriers that prevent child victims from getting more assistance from the criminal justice and mental health systems. Chapter 7 looks at recent historical trends in various forms of child victimization and related child welfare indicators. Sociological factors are reviewed that may be responsible for a decline in various forms of child victimization since the mid-1990s. Chapter 8 proposes a comprehensive and systemic framework for understanding the agencies and institutions that respond to child victimization, and offers a diagram that illustrates the interrelationships among parts of this system. The final chapter includes recommendations for preventing and intervening in child victimization. 492 references.

Title: Investigating Allegations of Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse: An Overview for Professionals.
Author(s): Plach, Tom.
Published: 2008
Available from: Charles C Thomas Publisher, Ltd.
http://www.ccthomas.com
2600 South First Street
Springfield, IL 62704
Abstract: This book will introduce the reader to the basics of conducting a successful investigation into allegations of sexual abuse of a child or adolescent. It is designed to help the newer investigators avoid some of the common errors that occur in child and adolescent sexual abuse investigation, while gaining some of the basic knowledge necessary to be successful in this difficult and complex work. Written from a multi-discipline perspective, the book begins by defining successful investigation as a multidimensional outcome. The book moves forward by providing basic foundation information for successful investigation by teaching the investigator how to develop a profile of the victim and adapt investigative methods to meet that profile. This foundation continues by providing an overview of multiple hypotheses investigation and evidence considerations. Once this foundation is provided, the book then provides an overview of the investigation process and then offers the reader tips on evaluating the allegations. The book also includes an overview of support services for victims, advice for professionals on managing some of the special situations encountered by investigators, and ends with an overview of the process of becoming competent in the field of child abuse investigation. Throughout the book, the reader is challenged to apply basic concepts through completion of activities that bring to life actual case situations, including final case studies that will challenge the reader to apply all the information from the book. In addition, the reader is directed to resources that can be accessed to help gain additional knowledge and expertise on different areas related to investigation and prosecution of child and adolescent sexual abuse. It will be of primary interest to law enforcement professionals, child protection workers, prosecutors, advocates, and medical and mental health professionals. (Author abstract)

Title: Lessons Learnt About Strengthening Indigenous Families and Communities: Stronger Families and Communities Strategy 2000-2004.
Author(s): Scougall, John.
Published: 2008
Available from: Australian Government Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FaHCSIA)
http://www.facs.gov.au/
PO Box 7576, Canberra Business Centre ACT 2610
Printable version (PDF): http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/about/publicationsarticles/research/occasional/Documents/op19/op19.pdf
Abstract: The Stronger Families and Communities Strategy (the Strategy) 2000-2004 was an Australian Government initiative funded by the Department of Family and Community Services (FaCS) to help build family and community capacity to deal with challenges and take advantage of opportunities. This report discusses what has been learned from the Strategy 2000-2004 about how to strengthen Indigenous families and communities. It explores critical factors that explain the success of some projects and some of the frustrations experienced by others. Evidence for the study was drawn from multiple sources, including research and policy literature and the data gathered as part of the national evaluation of the Strategy 2000-2004. This has included: questionnaire responses from Indigenous projects; three in-depth qualitative case studies; site visits to nine other Indigenous projects; review of progress reports and final reports (where available) for these projects and a further 16 projects; and consultations with FaCS staff. The evidence shows that the Stronger Families and Communities Strategy made an important contribution to the process of strengthening Indigenous families and communities. There has been a high level of community participation in some (but not all) project activities, and the Strategy has strengthened internal bonds and relationships within Indigenous families and communities. Outcomes reported include more positive interaction between mothers and infants, between young mothers and their women Elders, and between fathers and sons. The Strategy has also raised awareness and understanding about a diverse range of family and community issues, from parenting to depression. The Strategy also helped develop and deliver several new family and community services and social activities for Indigenous people, as well as improving their access to existing services. The report discusses the current situation for Indigenous families and communities, the achievements of Indigenous projects, and enabling and inhibiting factors. 33 tables, 1 figure, and numerous references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Towards a Delivery System of Services for Rural Homeless Youth: A Literature Review and Case Study.
Author(s): Skott-Myhre, Hans A.;Raby, Rebecca.;Nikolaou, Jamie.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child and Youth Care Forum
v. 37, 2, April 2008, p. 87-102
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: The majority of the literature on homelessness conceptualizes it as an urban problem and a wide body of research exists that provides estimates of metropolitan street youth and qualitatively describes their experiences. Similar descriptions and population estimates are virtually absent for youth who experience rural homelessness despite the number of urban homeless youth with rural origins. Indeed, although some metropolitan literature does remark on rural youth homelessness, it comments only on its invisible nature. This exclusion has significant implications in that it marginalizes the rural homeless and hinders the development of social policy to address the issues this population faces. Drawing on existing literature on rural youth homelessness, discussions with service providers in a rural area and a small number of interviews with youth, this paper begins to explore key issues facing homeless rural youth, existing intervention options and recommendations for the development of service delivery systems. (Author abstract)

Title: Reentry of Elementary Aged Children Following Reunification From Foster Care.
Author(s): Barth, Richard P.;Weigensberg, Elizabeth C.;Fisher, Philip A.;Fetrow, Becky.;Green, Rebecca L.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Children and youth services review
v. 30, 4, April 2008, p. 353-364
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: A recognized goal of family reunification programs is preventing the reentry of children into foster care. Using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, this study examined reentry for 273 children between the ages of 5 and 12 years. In multivariate models, reentry into foster care was associated with higher Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores and higher numbers of children in the household when the child is living at home. Although these are not the only risk factors that should be considered in deciding whether to reunify a child, these characteristics appear to be high valence problems for families and their children who are reunified. Future research on reentry and on placement disruptions from foster care should routinely include information about the number of children in the family and behavior problems when endeavoring to explain caseload dynamics. (Author abstract)

Title: The Casey Young Adult Survey: Findings over Three Years.
Author(s): Havalchak, Anne.;White, Catherine Roller.;O'Brien, Kirk.
Published: 2008
Available from: Casey Family Programs
http://www.casey.org
1300 Dexter Avenue North, Floor 3

Seattle, WA 98109-3542
Document available online at: http://www.casey.org/Resources/Publications/CYAS_3YRS.htm
Printable version (PDF): http://www.casey.org/NR/rdonlyres/0F34595D-A32A-4295-9764-664512E2E3C8/1330/CaseyYoungAdultSurveyThreeYears1.pdf
Abstract: This study examines the experience of young people while they were in care with Casey Family Programs. It also analyzes their outcomes after leaving care. Casey's Young Adult Survey has been conducted every year between 2004 and 2006. This summary report includes combined findings for all three years of data collection. (Author abstract)

Title: Intersection of Child Abuse and Children's Exposure to Domestic Violence.
Author(s): Herrenkohl, Todd I.;Sousa, Cynthia.;Tajima, Emiko A.;Herrenkohl, Roy C.;Moylan, Carrie A.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Trauma, violence, and abuse : a review journal.
v. 9, 2, April 2008, p. 84-99
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: This review addresses research on the overlap in physical child abuse and domestic violence, the prediction of child outcomes, and resilience in children exposed to family violence. The authors explore current findings on the intersection of physical child abuse and domestic violence within the context of other risk factors, including community violence and related family and environmental stressors. Evidence from the studies reviewed suggests considerable overlap, compounding effects, and possible gender differences in outcomes of violence exposure. The data indicate a need to apply a broad conceptualization of risk to the study of family violence and its effects on children. Further testing of competing theoretical models will advance understanding of the pathways through which exposure leads to later problems in youth, as well as protective factors and processes through which resilience unfolds. (Author abstract)

Title: Methodological Issues in Assessing Psychological Adjustment in Child Witnesses of Intimate Partner Violence.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Trauma, violence, and abuse : a review journal.
v. 9, 2, April 2008, p. 114-127
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: This review summarizes a growing number of methodological concerns emerging from research on child witnesses of intimate partner violence (IPV). A brief summary of various psychological, biological, and cognitive impairments associated with witnessing IPV is presented. Directions for future research in this area are explored with particular attention paid to experimental design. Advantages and disadvantages of retrospective, cross-sectional, and longitudinal designs are evaluated. Suggested improvements include the use of multiple informants, behavioral observations, and prospective, longitudinal assessment. (Author abstract)

Title: Are Blogs Putting Youth At Risk for Online Sexual Solicitation or Harassment?
Author(s): Mitchell, Kimberly J.;Wolak, Janis.;Finkelhor, David.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal.
v. 32, 2, February 2008, p. 277-294
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Objective: In light of public concern about the dangers to young people from maintaining online journals or ?blogs,? this exploratory paper examines whether bloggers are at increased risk for online sexual solicitation or harassment. Method: A national telephone survey of 1,500 youth Internet users, ages 10?17, conducted between March and June 2005. Results: Sixteen percent of youth Internet users reported blogging in the past year. Teenagers and girls were the most common bloggers, and bloggers were more likely than other youth to post personal information online. However, bloggers were not more likely to interact with people they met online and did not know in person. Youth who interacted with people they met online, regardless of whether (AOR = 2.42, p < .01) or not (AOR = 2.36, p < .001) they blogged, had higher odds of receiving online sexual solicitations. Bloggers who did not interact with people they met online were at no increased risk for sexual solicitation (AOR = 1.41, ns). Moreover, posting personal information did not add to risk. However, youthful bloggers were at increased risk for online harassment, regardless of whether they also interacted with others online (AOR = 2.65, p < .01) or not (AOR = 2.55, p < .01). Conclusion: Prevention messages about blogging need to directly address the risks of interacting with people youth meet online and the risk of online harassment. (Author abstract)

Title: Reconstructing Child Welfare Through Participatory and Child-Centred Professional Practice: A Conceptual Approach.
Author(s): D'Cruz, Heather.;Stagnitti, Karen.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child and Family Social Work
v. 13, 2, May 2008, p. 156-165
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: The 'child' in child welfare/protection is seen as a dependent waif and an object of interest, on whose behalf adults speak and act. An alternative perspective has argued for child-centredness, and includes concepts of child liberation, rights and citizenship. Policymakers and practitioners who may accept the underlying principles may be concerned about the appropriateness and applicability of such principles in relation to practice with children and their parents in child welfare/protection cases. This paper discusses a conceptual framework for research that aims to explore participatory and child-centred professional practice by critically evaluating and developing, for professional practice, the practical meanings of 'participatory' and 'children as citizens'. We do not present research outcomes based on empirical data; instead, we present our conceptual framework as the first stage of research in progress into participatory and child-centred professional practice. (Author abstract)

Title: Safety and Risk of Harm.
Published: 2008
Available from: Iowa Department of Human Services
http://www.dhs.iowa.gov/
Hoover State Office Building
1305 E. Walnut
Des Moines, IA 50319
Printable version (PDF): http://www.dhs.state.ia.us/docs/02.08-Safety_and_Risk_of%20Harm.pdf
Abstract: This Practice Bulletin provides Iowa DHS definitions for Safety and Risk; as well as summarizes the federal expectations and provides some practice tips. (Author abstract)

Title: Treatment Outcome and Criminal Offending by Youth With Sexual Behavior Problems.
Author(s): Letourneau, Elizabeth J.;Chapman, Jason E.;Schoenwald, Sonja K.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Maltreatment
v. 13, 2, May 2008, p. 133-144
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Children and adolescents treated for general delinquency problems and rated by caregivers as having sexual behavior problems (SBP; N = 696) were compared with youth from the same sample with no sexual behavior problems (NSBP; N = 1,185). Treatment outcome through 12-months posttreatment and criminal offending through an average 48-month posttreatment were compared for both groups. It was hypothesized that both groups would improve over time; however, the SBP group would evidence greater psychopathology at follow-up, and these hypotheses were supported. It was further hypothesized that youth with SBP would not differ from youth with NSBP in rates of future sexual or nonsexual offenses. These hypotheses were also supported. SBP group membership was not a significant predictive factor in analyses modeling future offending (any) or future person offenses. Few youth in either group had sexual offenses. The importance of these findings for clinical and policy decision making is discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Meta-Analysis of Treatment for Child Sexual Behavior Problems: Practice Elements and Outcomes.
Author(s): Amand, Annick St.;Bard, David E.;Silovsky, Jane F.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Maltreatment
v. 13, 2, May 2008, p. 145-166
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: This meta-analysis of 11 treatment outcome studies evaluated 18 specific treatments of sexual behavior problems (SBP) as a primary or secondary target. Specifically, it examines relations among child characteristics, treatment characteristics (including practice elements), and short-term outcome (including sexual and general behavior problems). Utilizing pre- and postintervention results, the overall degree of change over the course of treatment was estimated at a 0.46 and 0.49 standard deviation decline in SBP and general behavior problems, respectively. As hypothesized, the caregiver practice element Parenting/Behavior Management Skills (BPT) predicted the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (and the Child Behavior Checklist when BPT was combined with caregiver Rules about Sexual Behaviors). In contrast, practice elements that evolved from Adult Sex Offender (ASO) treatments were not significant predictors. BPT and preschool age group provided the best model fit and more strongly predicted outcome than broad treatment type classifications (e.g., Play Therapy or Cognitive Behavior Therapy). Results question current treatments for children with SBP that are based on ASO models of treatment without caregiver involvement. (Author abstract)

Title: Trade-offs in Formulating a Consistent National Policy on Adoption.
Author(s): Hansen, Mary Eschelbach.;Pollack, Daniel.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Family Court Review
v. 46, 2, April 2008, p. 366-374
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: Just as the courts must consider the trade-off between the best interest of the child and parental rights in involuntary termination of parental rights, policy on international adoption must consider the trade-offs between the best interest of the child and the long-term interests of the nation. We argue that countries that suspend international adoptions do not maximize social welfare. A consistent national policy to maximize the well-being of the children and society at large would be to devote resources today to the oversight of international adoption in accord with child protections under the Hague Convention, while at the same time developing a domestic system of care that provides for the physical and developmental needs of orphaned children in the context of permanent families. (Author abstract)

Title: Rethinking Victimization. (Chapter 11 in Domestic Violence: Intervention, Prevention, Policies, and Solutions.)
Author(s): Davis, Richard.
Published: 2008
Available from: CRC Press
http://www.crcpress.com
6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW
Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487
Abstract: Differing domestic violence data is reviewed and a case is made for examining the wisdom of labeling all physical assaults between family members and intimate partners as criminal acts and mandating arrest and prosecution for those behaviors. Different models for understanding family violence are explained, as well as impediments to progress concerning domestic violence because gender bias. The need for domestic violence assessments before program placements and for a more objective view when considering domestic violence is stressed. Discussion questions are included.

Title: Talking to Youth About Drugs: What Do Late Adolescents Say About Parental Strategies?
Author(s): Miller-Day, Michelle.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of family relations
v. 57, 1, January 2008, p. 1-12
Available from: National Council on Family Relations
http://www.ncfr.org
3989 Central Avenue, NE
Suite 550
Minneapolis, MN 55421
Abstract: This research, comprised of 2 studies, extends current knowledge of parent-child communication about drugs. The first study developed a typology of parental strategies used to deter children's substance use. The second study examined relationships among the parental strategies identified in the first study, which included family communication environments and self-reported substance use. Results revealed that parental communication strategies to deter substance use may be employed in different ways by laissez-faire, pluralistic, consensual, and protective families. Of the 7 identified types of strategies, very few actually impacted substance use in the previous 30 days. The only strategy to have a significant effect on the use of all drug types was a "no tolerance rule." Prevention efforts and programs may target parents so as to enhance parental communication competence and offer parents an array of strategies to choose from that might best fit with their family communication environment. (Author abstract)

Title: Foster Care Outcomes: Does Foster Care Help or Harm Children's Emotional and Social Development? [PowerPoint Presentation].
Author(s): Wilson, Dee.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp
Hunter College School of Social Work
129 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10065
Document available online at: http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/ppt/Foster-Care-Outcomes.ppt
Abstract: This PowerPoint presentation explores the outcomes of children placed in foster care in Washington State. Information is provided on: the length of time children spend in foster care; characteristics of children in foster care; factors that impact length-of-stay (LOS); the impact of placement instability on the mental health of foster children; and statistics that indicate increased behavior problems for children placed in out-of-home care. The risk of continued exposure to violence if the child is not removed is also discussed, as well as the risks involved in reunifications. Additional data is offered on the developmental outcomes of foster infants, children, and adolescents based on results from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW). Findings indicate out-of-home care does not appear to offer protection leading to improvement in developmental status over 18 months as might be expected, however, among older children, those with prior child welfare services involvement did better. Kinship care is also discussed, as well as the shortage of foster homes and strategies for recruiting and retaining foster parents. 15 references.

Title: Profiling the Victim. (Chapter 3 in Investigating Allegations of Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse: An Overview for Professionals).
Author(s): Plach, Tom.
Published: 2008
Available from: Charles C Thomas Publisher, Ltd.
http://www.ccthomas.com
2600 South First Street
Springfield, IL 62704
Abstract: This chapter explores best practices for understanding child victims in conducting effective investigations for child and adolescent sexual abuse. The emotional/social, cognitive, and sexuality development of preschool, primary school age, and junior high and high schoolers are explained, as well as common emotional reactions to sexual abuse and implications for investigations. Cultural considerations are also discussed, and practice exercises for profiling victims are provided.

Title: The Investigative Process. (Chapter 6 in Investigating Allegations of Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse: An Overview for Professionals).
Author(s): Plach, Tom.
Published: 2008
Available from: Charles C Thomas Publisher, Ltd.
http://www.ccthomas.com
2600 South First Street
Springfield, IL 62704
Abstract: The basic steps of an investigation into child sexual abuse are reviewed and tips are provided for managing each step. The steps include: the first responder and preliminary investigation, development of the safety plan, interviewing the victim, making a plan for the victim interview, the interview process, documenting the interview, the medical exam, follow-up interviews and evidence collection, the suspect interview, and making a plan for the suspect interview. Additional information is provided on factors that impact the interview process and key considerations. Practice exercises are included.

Title: Reunification with Children in the Context of Maternal Recovery from Drug Abuse.
Author(s): Carlson, Bonnie E.;Smith, Carolyn.;Matto, Holly.;Eversman, Michael.;
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Families in Society
v. 89, 2, April-June 2008, p. 253-263
Available from: Families in Society
http://www.familiesinsociety.org
11700 West Lake Park Drive
Milwaukee, WI 53224-3099
Abstract: Little is known about mothers? experiences of reunification with children in the context of recovery from drug abuse. Using a stress and coping framework, this qualitative study interviewed 6 mothers and 11 service providers from substance abuse and child welfare agencies regarding reunification experiences. Analysis of themes indicated that multiple parenting stressors and lack of resources and supports complicate women?s abilities to manage parenting pressures upon reunification. Maternal readiness for reunification was an important theme; returning children prematurely heightens risk for poor outcomes, especially if insufficient services are in place to support children?s return home. The stress of dealing with child protective services and multiple service systems was another theme. Implications for service provision to mothers and families are discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Cops Call for Backup -- From Social Workers: When Parents get Arrested, What Happens to the Kids?
Author(s): Shirk, Martha.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Youth Today
v. 17, 3, March 2008, p. 1, 22-23.
Available from: Youth Today
http://www.youthtoday.org
1200 17th St. NW, 4th Floor
Washington, DC 20036-3006
Abstract: This article highlights partnerships between California police agencies and child welfare services that ensure services to children when their parents are arrested. The motivation for the State law requiring child safety-focused arrest procedures is explained, as well as key elements of protocol outlining procedures. Efforts in other States are also noted.

Title: Examining African American Fathers' Involvement in Permanency Planning: An Effort to Reduce Racial Disproportionality in the Child Welfare System.
Author(s): Coakley, Tanya M.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Children and youth services review
v. 30, 4, April 2008, p. 407-417
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: There is virtually no empirical research on African American fathers' involvement in permanency planning, which makes it difficult either to understand the relationships among fathers' involvement, agency practices, and children's permanency outcomes or to identify which types of efforts are most effective to involve African American fathers. This study examines the extent to which African American fathers' involvement in permanency planning influences children's placement outcomes using a secondary data analysis of 88 children's child welfare case records. Findings show that children were reunited with birth families more often and had shorter stays in foster care when their fathers were involved. This study contributes to the emerging research on fathers' involvement and explores agency practices that account for extended lengths of stay in foster care for children of color. Recommendations are provided for child welfare policy, practice, and research. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Children at Risk. (Chapter 3 in Childhood Victimization: Violence, Crime, and Abuse in the Lives of Young People).
Author(s): Finkelhor, David.
Published: 2008
Available from: Oxford University Press
http://www.oxfordjournals.org/
2001 Evans Road
Cary, NC 27513
Abstract: This chapter explores which children are most likely to experience victimization and why. The role of geography, family disruptions, emotional deficits and difficulties, risk taking behavior, and prior victimization are explained, as well as pathways to poly-victimization. An integrated and comprehensive perspective on victimization risk is promoted through a critique and elaboration of the routine activities theory approach to crime vulnerability.

Title: Just Kid's Stuff? Peer and Sibling Violence. (Chapter 5 in Childhood Victimization: Violence, Crime, and Abuse in the Lives of Young People).
Author(s): Finkelhor, David.;Turner, Heather.;Ormrod, Richard.;
Published: 2008
Available from: Oxford University Press
http://www.oxfordjournals.org/
2001 Evans Road
Cary, NC 27513
Abstract: This chapter illustrates how naïve developmental ideas can impede a scientifically based understanding of child victimization by discussing the assumption that peer victimization is less serious when it occurs between younger children. Common presumptions about child-on-child violence are challenged with research results that indicate the association between peer violence and trauma symptoms is just as strong in young children as in older children.

Title: Childhood Maltreatment and Early Alcohol Use Among High-Risk Adolescents.
Author(s): Hamburger, Merle E.;Leeb, Rebecca T.;Swahn, Monica H.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
v. 69, 2, March 2008, p. 291-295
Available from: Rutgers University, Center of Alcohol Studies
607 Allison Rd
Piscataway, NJ 08854-8001
Abstract: Objective: Child maltreatment (CM) is prevalent among U.S. youth and has been associated with subsequent maladaptive behaviors, including substance use. The current study examines the associations between early child maltreatment and (1) preteen alcohol-use initiation and (2) heavy episodic drinking among students in a large study of adolescents. Method: The Youth Violence Survey is a cross-sectional survey of public school students enrolled in Grades 7, 9, 11, and 12 in a school district in a high-risk community. The analysis sample was limited to students who provided complete data on all relevant variables (N = 3,559). Fifty-two percent of the analysis sample was female. Early child maltreatment was defined as witnessing domestic violence and experiencing physical and/or sexual abuse before the age of 10 years. Outcome variables include ever drinking alcohol, preteen alcohol-use initiation, and heavy episodic drinking. Results: Witnessing domestic violence, experiencing physical abuse, and experiencing sexual abuse were significantly associated with preteen alcohol-use initiation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26-1.91; AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.69-2.63; AOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.16-2.14, respectively). Students who experienced one or more types of maltreatment were 1.5-3 times more likely to report preteen alcohol-use initiation. Heavy episodic drinking was associated only with childhood sexual abuse in boys (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.52-4.50). Conclusions: Prevention and treatment of the negative impact of early child maltreatment may delay and reduce alcohol use. (Author abstract)

Title: An Ecological Developmental Perspective on the Consequences of Child Maltreatment (1995-1996): NDACAN Dataset Number 96, User's Guide and Codebook.
Author(s): Johnson, Sarah.;Larrabee-Warner, Holly.;Manly, Jody Todd.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect
http://www.ndacan.cornell.edu/NDACAN/AboutNDACAN.html
Beebe Hall - FLDC
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ndacan.cornell.edu/NDACAN/Datasets/UserGuidePDFs/096user.pdf
Abstract: Cicchetti, Lynch, and Manly used the ecological-transactional model of child development to inform a three-part investigation of the links among child maltreatment, environmental conditions, and developmental outcomes. In the first part of the research, the investigators examined the links between community violence, domestic violence, and poverty and the multiple dimensions of child maltreatment assessed by the investigators' classification system. In the second part of the research, the investigators examined the links between child maltreatment and various developmental outcomes. Finally, in accordance with the ecological- transactional perspective, the investigators examined how child maltreatment interacts with other environmental conditions and child factors to shape the path of children's development and their subsequent adaptation. Three hundred children between 7 and 12 years of age were recruited to participate in this study. One hundred sixty-eight children (56% of the sample) had been identified as legally maltreated by the local department of social services and had their caregivers referred to study investigators by social service caseworkers. A demographically similar comparison group of 132 non-maltreated children was recruited from the roll of families receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children. Both groups of children participated in week-long, 30 hour day camp sessions during the summers of 1995 and 1996. Measures of the children's interpersonal functioning, self-functioning, cognitive functioning, and symptoms of distress were assessed through self-, peer-, and counselor ratings. Concurrently, primary caregivers were interviewed about community and home violence. One-year longitudinal data were obtained for 95% of the child participants. Follow-up measures were identical to those used during the first wave except that parent-report ratings were not obtained. This dataset represents year one and two of a four year data collection effort. Dataset #110 contains the third and fourth year follow-up data. (Author abstract)

Title: A Child Is Fearful of the Home Situation.
Published: 2008
Available from: Action for Child Protection
http://www.actionchildprotection.org/
2101 Sardis Road North, Suite 204
Charlotte, NC 28227
Printable version (PDF): http://www.actionchildprotection.org/PDF/Apr-2008_%20A_Child_%20Is_%20Fearful_%20of_%20the_%20Home_%20Situation.pdf
Abstract: This report reviews the safety threat that is posed when a child is fearful of his or her home, the home situation, or people who frequent the home. It discusses criteria for assessing the safety threat, possible causes of the fear, and application of the safety threshold criteria. Examples of the threat are also listed.

Title: Mandatory Domestic Violence Arrest Policies. (Chapter 7 in Domestic Violence: Intervention, Prevention, Policies, and Solutions.)
Author(s): Davis, Richard.
Published: 2008
Available from: CRC Press
http://www.crcpress.com
6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW
Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487
Abstract: This chapter questions the validity of mandatory domestic violence arrest policies. It begins by explaining the lack of an accepted definition of domestic violence, and then explains the false premise on which mandatory arrest policies are based: the indifference of law enforcement officers towards domestic violence victims. It shares statistics indicating a rise in the arrests of females and findings from a study that found no statistically significant relationship between criminal justice response and victimization. Recommendations for changing mandatory arrests laws are provided, and discussion questions are included. 1 table.

Title: A Comparison of Types of Attorney Representation for Children in California Juvenile Court Dependency Cases.
Author(s): Goodman, Gail S.;Edelstein, Robin S.;Mitchell, Emilie B.;Myers, John E.B.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Abuse & Neglect
v. 32, 4, April 2008, p. 497-501
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Objective: The present study concerns types of attorney representation for maltreated children involved in juvenile court actions in the state of California. The aims of the research were to document the different types of representation used in dependency cases in 2000 (e.g., public defender, District Attorney, private firms) and to evaluate these types of representation with respect to children's experiences in foster care. Methods: Every county in California was surveyed about the predominant type of legal representation used in their dependency court system. In addition, data on children's experiences in foster care were obtained from the Child Welfare System/Child Management System (CWS/CMS). Results: Findings indicate that, in the majority of counties in California, children were represented by the public defender's office or by a panel of court-appointed attorneys. Approximately equal numbers of counties employed county-affiliated (i.e., District Attorney, public defender, county counsel) and independent (i.e., private firm, panel of court-appointed attorneys) types of representation (47% and 52%, respectively). Further analyses suggested that children in counties employing independent types of representation tended to experience fewer foster-care placements than did children in counties employing county-affiliated types of representation. This relation remained significant when potentially confounding variables were statistically controlled. Conclusion: Results indicated that some types of representation, specifically, private firms and court-appointed attorneys, were associated with one better outcome for children. (Author abstract)

Title: A Nationwide Survey of Mandatory Parent Education.
Author(s): Pollet, Susan L.;Lombreglia, Melissa.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Family Court Review
v. 46, 2, April 2008, p. 375-394
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: In an effort to take positive steps toward coping with problems for families and children created by high levels of separation and divorce, ever increasing civil caseloads and the exposure of children to interparental conflict, court-affiliated educational programs have emerged in the United States for parents separating from their spouse or partner or going through a divorce. This article will provide an overview of the creation of such programs and their development, which includes a discussion regarding the numerous states currently mandating parents to attend. It will summarize some of the research which has been conducted as to the efficacy of the programs and will provide the results of our nationwide research for each state's parent education status. There is a discussion of domestic violence issues and sensitivities in the context of parent education programs and possible future directions for mandatory parent education. (Author abstract)

Title: The Legal Glossary: A Crosswalk of Federal Laws and Programs Affecting Children, Youth, and Families Experiencing Homelessness.
Author(s): Julianelle, Patricia.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/leg_gloss.pdf
Abstract: This glossary is a basic guide to the principal federal laws and programs that affect children, youth, and families experiencing homelessness. It is designed to provide local homeless education liaisons and state coordinators for homeless education with a straightforward overview of federal programs for homeless children and youth. Although it provides only basic information on each law and program, it can assist local liaisons and state coordinators in their efforts to collaborate with other agencies and provide comprehensive services to homeless children and youth. (Author abstract)

Title: Profiles of Behavioral Problems in Children Who Witness Domestic Violence.
Author(s): Spilsbury, James C.;Kahana, Shoshana.;Drotar, Dennis.;Creeden, Rosemary.;Flannery, Daniel J.;Friedman, Steve.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Violence and Victims.
v. 23, 1, 2008, p. 3-17
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: Unlike previous investigations of shelter-based samples, our study examined whether profiles of adjustment problems occurred in a community-program-based sample of 175 school-aged children exposed to domestic violence. Cluster analysis revealed three stable profiles/clusters. The largest cluster (69%) consisted of children below clinical thresholds for any internalizing or externalizing problem. Children in the next largest cluster (18%) were characterized as having externalizing problems with or without internalizing problems. The smallest cluster (13%) consisted of children with internalizing problems only. Comparison across demographic and violence characteristics revealed that the profiles differed by child gender, mother's education, child's lifetime exposure to violence, and aspects of the event precipitating contact with the community program. Clinical and future research implications of study findings are discussed. (Author abstact)

Title: Effects of Parental Monitoring, Permissiveness, and Injunctive Norms on Substance Use among Mexican and Mexican American Adolescents.
Author(s): Voisine, Sarah.;Parsai, Monica.;Marsiglia, Flavio F.;Kulis, Stephen.;Nieri, Tanya.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Families in Society
v. 89, 2, April-June 2008, p. 264-274
Available from: Families in Society
http://www.familiesinsociety.org
11700 West Lake Park Drive
Milwaukee, WI 53224-3099
Abstract: The prevention literature has given little attention to how parental influences affect substance use among Mexican origin adolescents, even though they form part of the largest ethnic minority group in the United States. This study explored the effects of three types of parental influences?parental monitoring of the child?s whereabouts, degree of parental permissiveness, and the strength of parental injunctive norms discouraging substance use?on alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use and anti-drug norms. Results showed that parental permissiveness and parental injunctive norms, particularly anti-drug injunctive norms, had the strongest effects on the substance use outcomes, but parental monitoring generally was not a significant predictor. These results and implications for prevention are discussed in light of Mexican cultural norms toward substance use, gender roles, and family roles.

Title: Communication Skills in Child Protection: How do Social Workers Talk to Parents?
Author(s): Forrester, Donald.;Kershaw, Sophie.;Moss, Helen.;Hughes, Laura.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child and Family Social Work
v. 13, 1, February 2008, p. 41-51
Available from: Wiley-Blackwell
www.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: Communication skills are fundamental to social work practice, yet there is little research on the skills that workers have or how they use them. This study analyses 24 taped interviews between social workers and an actor playing a parent (a ?simulated client?). Two child protection scenarios with different levels of seriousness were used. On average, social workers asked many closed questions and often raised concerns. They used few reflections and rarely identified positives. In all but one interview, social workers were rated as achieving clarity over issues of concern; however, they tended to demonstrate low levels of empathy. The responses of the simulated client were rated for resistance and information disclosure. The factor that most strongly influenced simulated client responses was empathy. Empathic social workers created less resistance and increased the amount of information disclosed by clients. This was not associated with failure to identify and discuss concerns. Empathy, therefore, appears to be central to good social work communication in child protection situations. Given the comparatively low level of empathy expressed by most participants, development of skills in maintaining empathic communication while raising child protection concerns appears a priority. Practical, theoretical and training implications are discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Expediting Permanency: Legal Representation for Foster Children in Palm Beach County.
Author(s): Zinn, Andrew E.;Slowriver, Jack.
Published: 2008
Available from: Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago
http://www.chapinhall.org
1313 East 60th Street
Chicago, IL 60637
Document available online at: http://www.chapinhall.org/article_abstract.aspx?ar=1467
Abstract: This report describes the evaluation of the Foster Children's Project (FCP) of the Legal Aid Society of Palm Beach County, Florida, which provides legal representation to children who have been placed in substitute care as a result of child abuse or neglect. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the impact of FCP on the nature and timing of children's permanency outcomes and juvenile court milestones. The study also identifies and describes the program elements or practices that serve to define FCP, and explores the broader impact that FCP has had on the child protective service system in Palm Beach County. Data were drawn from several sources, including juvenile court case files, child welfare administrative records, and interviews with legal and social service professionals. Children represented by FCP were found to have a significantly higher rate of exit to permanency than children not served by FCP. In the main, this difference appears to be a function of much higher rates of adoption and long-term custody among FCP children. Interestingly, the higher rates of adoption and long-term custody experienced by FCP children were not found to be offset by significantly lower rates of reunification. Together, study findings suggest that FCP's efforts to individualize children's court-approved case plans served to clarify the basis of, and thus expedite, court decisions concerning parent and agency compliance with parent's case plan requirements. The study also discusses implications for other jurisdictions seeking to expedite permanency though juvenile court reforms, including the provision of representation to children. (Author abstract)

Title: Involving Nonresident Fathers in Dependency Cases: New Efforts, New Problems, New Solutions.
Author(s): Harris, Leslie Joan.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Journal of Law and Family Studies
v. 9, 2, 2007, p. 281-307
Available from: Berkeley Electronic Press
http://www.bepress.com/
2809 Telegraph Avenue, Suite 202
Berkeley, CA 94705
Document available online at: http://works.bepress.com/leslie_harris/16/
Printable version (PDF): http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&context=leslie_harris
Abstract: In contrast to traditional practice, today juvenile courts and child welfare agencies attempt to identify and involve children's fathers in cases as soon as possible. This changing approach to nonresident fathers, in turn, makes child protection cases more complicated. If poorly implemented, it can also threaten to undermine the goals of modern child protection law -- insuring children's safety, reuniting children with the parents from whom they were removed when possible, and moving them rapidly into alternate permanent homes when not possible. Most obviously, if the policy of involving nonresidential fathers is implemented woodenly, by requiring that children be placed with the fathers at the outset of the case when little is known about them, the children may be endangered. Less dramatically, efforts to work with fathers can result in children remaining in the system longer. And working with fathers can undermine, or even short-circuit, efforts to reunite children with the mothers from whom they were taken, raising problems of defining children's best interests as well as fairness to both parents in what amounts to state-generated custody contests. This article describes the changing practices and the reasons for them, explores the problems that may be created, and proposes solutions. (Author abstract)

Title: Frequently Asked Questions : Gambling and Marriage.
Published: 2007
Available from: National Healthy Marriage Resource Center
http://www.healthymarriageinfo.org
10530 Rosehaven Street
Suite 400
Fairfax, VA 22030-2840
Printable version (PDF): http://healthymarriageinfo.org/docs/faqgambling.pdf
Abstract: One of the most prominent forms of entertainment in American culture is gambling. Going to Las Vegas, visiting local casinos, or playing the lottery is widely viewed as fun and "harmless" entertainment within our society. The Internet and the advancement of technology have made it possible for people to gamble secretly and conveniently 24 hours a day. With the variety of ways to gamble has come an increase in compulsive and destructive forms of the pastime. Research from the late 1990s suggests that there were about 125 million Americans who gambled within the previous year, and that about 7.5 million of them have experienced a serious problem gambling. However, because of the recent growth in gambling over the Internet, the number of problem gamblers likely has grown a lot over the past 10 years. And researchers estimate that nearly 8 million American teens struggle with gambling problems. Compulsive gambling may have destructive and long-lasting financial effects. Moreover, the harm caused to marriage and family relationships from a gambling problem can be as stressful and serious as the financial consequences. This brief FAQ answers some common questions about gambling and its impact on marriages, using findings from scientifically sound research. Research doesn't have all the answers, but it can shed a great deal of light on many questions. A lot more research is needed on gambling and its impact marriages. (Author abstract)

Title: New Initiatives in Improving Youth and Family Outcomes by Importing Evidence-Based Practices.
Author(s): Schaeffer, Cindy M.;Saldana, Lisa.;Rowland, Melisa D.;Henggeler, Scott W.;Swenson, Cynthia Cupit.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse
v. 17, 3, 2008, p. 27-45
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This article describes three community-based research projects that are designed to enhance the effectiveness of real-world adolescent substance abuse treatment and prevention, and presents preliminary study results from each. The first project is examining statewide public sector practitioner interest in and implementation of contingency management in treating adolescent aubstance abuse. The second project is integrating the Community Reinforcement Approach for adults into Multisystemic Therapy (MST) programs for use with substance-abusing caregivers. The third project is integrating Reinforcement-Based Therapy for adults with MST for child abuse and neglect in the treatment of families with co-occurring child maltreatment and caregiver substance abuse. Each project highlights the complexity of using the evidence base in the treatment of substance abuse, and the potential to improve outcomes for challenging clinical populations in real world practice settings. (Author abstract)

Title: Key Indicators of Health and Safety: Infancy, Pre-School, and Middle Childhood. ( Chapter 1 of Key Indicators of Child and Youth Well-Being: Completing the Picture).
Author(s): Hogan, Dennis P.;Msall, Michael E.
Published: 2007
Available from: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
http://www.leaonline.com/
Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
325 Chestnut St., Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 09106
Abstract: This chapter highlights recent innovations in the measurement of child health, considering 22 studies that collected data in 1995 to 2003. Conceptual approaches to child health are discussed, along with data sources for the study of child health and recommended indicators for the study of child health. Ten tables list each of the indicators, measurement sources, and the age targeted by the measurements. 47 references.

Title: Sexual Harassment and the Cultures of Childhood: Developmental, Domestic Violence, and Legal Perspectives. (Chapter 16 in Bullying, Victimization, and Peer Harassment: A Handbook of Prevention and Intervention.)
Author(s): Rodkin, Philip C.;Fischer, Karla.
Published: 2007
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This chapter explores the similarities between peer-based sexual harassment in elementary and middle school and domestic violence in adulthood. It begins by examining the school societies of middle childhood and reasons for the development of peer-based sexual harassment. The similar relationship dynamics in domestic violence situations are then explained. School officials are urged to avoid the pitfalls and errors that plague police and other legal personnel in domestic violence calls, and respond to sexual harassment in a way that sends appropriate messages to both victims and perpetrators. 54 references.

Title: Homelessness and Child Welfare Services in New York City: Exploring Trends and Opportunites for Improving Outcomes for Children and Youth.
Author(s): Culhane, Dennis P.;Park, Jung Min.
Published: 2007
Available from: ScholarlyCommons@Penn
http://repository.upenn.edu/
c/o Van Pelt-Dietrich Library Center
3420 Walnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6206
Printable version (PDF): http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1120&context=spp_papers
Abstract: For over a decade, national research has shown that many disadvantaged youth and families experience both homelessness and involvement in child welfare services. However, prior to the research summarized here, no population-based research had examined systematically the extent and dynamics by which children and youth experience both of these service systems. This white paper for the New York City Administration for Children's Services (ACS) provides a summary of three studies that looked carefully at how these two important social welfare systems have shared a population, and how our improved understanding of these intersecting systems of care can promote better outcomes and improved quality of life for children and youth. (Author abstract)

Title: Developmental Trajectories of Victimization: Identifying Risk and Protective Factors. (Chapter 9 in Bullying, Victimization, and Peer Harassment: A Handbook of Prevention and Intervention.)
Author(s): Goldbaum, Suzanne.;Craig, Wendy M.;Pepler, Debra.;Connolly, Jennifer.
Published: 2007
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: A study involving 635 boys and 606 girls in grades 5-7 investigated the trajectories of victimization, intra- and interpersonal risk and protective factors associated with victimization, and the consequences associated with stable victimization. Results indicate four unique trajectory profiles of victimization: nonvictims, desisters, late onset victims, and stable victims. Results indicate low levels of aggression and anxiety and high-quality friendships serve as protective factors, and high levels of anxiety, withdrawal, somatization, bullying, and low social competence characterize stable victims. 4 tables and 26 references.

Title: A McKinney-Vento Toolbox: Constructing a Robust and Rigorous Homeless Education Program, In Case of Disaster and Every Day.
Author(s): Calfee, Carol.;Julianelle, Patricia.
Published: 2007
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/dis_hb/toolbox.pdf
Abstract: This toolbox is designed to help school districts implement the McKinney-Vento Act fully, so they can address the needs of children and youth experiencing homelessness on a daily basis and in times of disaster. The toolbox contains information and practical lessons learned and resources developed during the recovery process following the 2005 Gulf Coast hurricanes. (Author abstract)

Title: Top Ten Findings: Cohabitation vs. Marriage: How Love's Choices Shape Life Outcomes.
Published: 2007
Available from: Heritage Foundation
http://www.heritage.org
214 Massachusetts Ave., NE,
Washington, DC 20002
Document available online at: http://www.familyfacts.org/topten/topten_0702.cfm
Abstract: The following research findings on cohabitation outcomes are discussed: cohabiting couples without plans to marry tend to report poorer relationship quality than married couples; cohabiting couples are more likely to separate and less likely to reconcile after a separation than married couples; cohabiting couples are more likely to experience infidelity than married couples; compared to women who did not cohabit before marriage, those who did are more likely to experience divorce or separation; among individuals in their fifties, those who are cohabiting tend to have accumulated less wealth than their married peers; among mothers with infants, those in cohabiting relationships tend to fare worse economically than married mothers; men in cohabiting households tend to have lower earnings than married men with families; compared to their married peers, women who are cohabiting tend to have higher earnings relative to their partners' earnings; compared to married individuals, those are cohabiting tend to report higher levels of depression; and individuals who are cohabiting report, on average, more alcohol problems than married individuals. Links to study citations are provided for each research finding.

Title: Adolescent Substance Abuse: New Frontiers in Assessment.
Author(s): Winters, Ken C.
Published: 2007
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This text presents current research findings on the assessment, intervention, and treatment of alcohol and drug use behaviors in adolescents, using screening tools developed to accurately measure the extent and nature of the problem. Beginning chapters address how assessment can be used to identify treatment-oriented typologies in order to improve treatment matching; measuring community readiness for drug abuse prevention; and the psychometric data of a screening tools used for problem identification and referral in American Indian populations. The remaining three chapters address issues of the validity of assessment. The chapters discuss the concordance of urinalysis, parent-report, and self-report; the comparability of anonymous and confidential surveys in drug use surveys in Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the United States; and possible gender differences in measuring drug abuse and related problems. Numerous references.

Title: The Child Protective System. (Chapter 1 in The Systematic Mistreatment of Children in the Foster Care System: Through the Cracks.)
Author(s): Weinberg, Lois.
Published: 2007
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This chapter describes the general route by which children in the United States are removed from the custody of their parents because of abuse or neglect. It discusses practices relating to the reporting abuse or neglect, the investigation, the petition that is filed by the agency requesting immediate custody of the child, court proceedings, and the role of the child's attorney. It concludes with a discussion on the negative impact child protective services has on children and causal factors. 5 exhibits.

Title: Effective Teachers of At-Risk and Highly Mobile Students: A Review of the Literature.
Author(s): Stronge, James H.;Popp, Patricia A.;Grant, Leslie W.
Published: 2007
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Document available online at: http://web.archive.org/web/20070611184436/http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/eff_teach_lit_rev.doc
Abstract: This literature review examines quality teaching through a framework of the special needs of students who are at risk of school failure because of high poverty or high mobility. First, the review defines the population of students that are a part of the study. The review then explores the personal qualities of teachers associated with effective teaching. (Author abstract)

Title: Home Safety Checklist for Child Protective Service Workers.
Published: 2007
Available from: Illinois Department of Children and Family Services
http://www.state.il.us/DCFS
406 East Monroe
Springfield, MO 62701
Printable version (PDF): http://www.state.il.us/DCFS/docs/cfs2027.pdf
Abstract: Includes checklist and instructions.

Title: 'Scrubbing' the Inbox: A Constitutional Alternative to Child Protection Registries.
Author(s): Pool, David Logan.
Published: 2007
Available from: Berkeley Electronic Press
http://www.bepress.com/
2809 Telegraph Avenue, Suite 202
Berkeley, CA 94705
Document available online at: http://works.bepress.com/david_pool/1/
Abstract: After the judicial demise of the Communications Decency Act and Child Online Protection Act and the continued impotency of CAN-SPAM to curb unsolicited commercial email, children remain vulnerable to harmful, indecent content via their inbox. In a recent attempt to curtail such exposure, several States have created Child Protection Registries. In essence, the laws allow children to register their email addresses with the state. The state laws impose significant criminal and civil penalties on senders of indecent material who send such emails to registered minors. Because the States retain the list of protected emails, senders of potentially indecent emails must, prior to sending emails, submit email addresses to the State and pay the State to remove protected emails listed with the state registry. Such registries, however, pose a myriad of constitutional and practical concerns. By compiling a list of minors' emails, the States may be undermining minors' safety while exposing them to increased spam by potentially providing pedophiles and spammers with a verified list of emails. Additionally, given the inability to discern geography from a normal email address, such registries will hinder email as an open, cost-effective means of communication by requiring all indecent emails to first be submitted to States with registries. In addition to these practical concerns, the Supreme Court will likely strike down such statutes on First Amendment grounds as overbroad and not narrowly tailored to protecting minors. As a constitutional alternative to child protection registries, this article will propose the creation of a new email domain for minors and adults who do not wish to receive indecent material. The domain, such as @kids.ut.gov, would provide notice as to both geography and the recipient's status as a minor or non-consenting adult on the face of the email. Such a proposal by not creating an identifiable list of emails or limiting registration to only minors will address many of the practical concerns with current child protection registries. Also by providing easy notice of recipients' status on the face of the email, protected expression among adults will not be overburdened by asking that emailers simply not send indecent material to such domains, and hence, will survive strict scrutiny under the Supreme Court's First Amendment analysis. (Author abstract)

Title: The Systematic Mistreatment of Children in the Foster Care System: Through the Cracks.
Author(s): Weinberg, Lois.
Published: 2007
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This book tells the stories of 10 children in the foster care system from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds and the efforts by advocates to find them permanent places to live, appropriate schooling, and other essentials they need to survive. It also includes: an introduction to the child protective services system; the general route by which children in the United States are removed from their parents' custody because or abuse and neglect; the major components of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and the problems in getting foster children's educational needs met; the difficulties in securing stable out-of-home placements; strategies for stabilizing home placements; problems in funding for out-of-home placements; strategies for advocating the removal of children from inadequate out-of-home placements; and legislation and practices for bringing about needed policy changes. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Barriers and Success Factors in Adoption from Foster Care: Perspectives of Families and Staff.
Author(s): McRoy, Ruth G.
Published: 2007
Available from: Collaboration to AdoptUSKids
http://www.adoptuskids.org
8015 Corporate Drive
Suite C
Baltimore, MD 21236
Printable version (PDF): http://www.adoptuskids.org/images/resourceCenter/BarrierSuccessFactors.pdf
Abstract: This report outlines the findings of two legislatively mandated adoption-research studies conducted as part of The Collaboration to AdoptUsKids. In the first study, a nationwide purposive sample of 300 families seeking to adopt children with special needs from the public child welfare system was selected, interviewed, and surveyed to determine actual and potential barriers to the completion of the adoption process. In addition, a nationwide sample of 382 private- and public-agency adoption staff members were surveyed to assess their opinions regarding barriers to the adoption process. In the second study, a four-year prospective examination of a nationwide sample of 161 families who had adopted children with special needs was conducted in order to determine factors that contributed to successful adoption outcomes. When all represented states are counted in both studies, family and staff participants came from all ten standard federal regions, forty-seven states and the District of Columbia. (Author abstract)

Title: Implementing Family to Family.
Author(s): Batterson, Marno.;Crampton, David.;Crea, Thomas.;Harris, Fred.;Madden, Anne Abramson.;Usher, Lynn.;Williams, Jeffrey.
Published: 2007
Available from: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
http://www.unc.edu/
Chapel Hill, NC
Printable version (PDF): http://www.unc.edu/~lynnu/ImpleF2F.pdf
Abstract: The Family to Family Initiative is founded on a few key value judgments: Reforms in family foster care must be directed to producing a service that is less disruptive to the lives of the people it affects, more community-based and culturally-sensitive, more individualized to the needs of the child and family, more available as an alternative to institutional placement, and in general more family-centered. This report describes the challenges of fully implementing the organizational and practice changes associated with Family to Family. We begin with a description of the values and principles on which the initiative is based and of the core strategies it promotes. The report describes some of the changes agencies have made in structure and process, and some of the factors leading to decisions not to make certain changes. It discusses specific efforts to implement each of the four core strategies and summarizes the technical assistance team's assessment of the success sites have had in implementing these strategies. We conclude by describing the implications of this analysis for the continuing development of Family to Family and for evaluating how it has affected outcomes for families and children. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Examining the Cumulative Effects of Protective Factors: Resiliency Among a National Sample of High-Risk Youths.
Author(s): Turner, Michael G.;Hartman, Jennifer L.;Exum, M. Lyn.;Cullen, Francis T.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
v. 46, 1/2, 2007, p. 81-111
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Research has consistently suggested that individuals from high-risk environments who experience multiple risk factors are most susceptible to becoming delinquent. A substantial portion of these individuals, however, are resilient to the pressures within high-risk environments and thus do not become delinquent. While past research has identified protective factors that are independently correlated with resiliency, relatively few studies have investigated the cumulative effects that protective factors possess in promoting resiliency. Using a sample of 711 individuals from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Child-Mother data Set, this study investigates the cumulative effects of protective factors in fostering resiliency. The findings suggest that the accumulation of protection is positively correlated with resiliency over and above the effects of risk. The theoretical and policy implications of these findings are discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Directions for Change. (Chapter 12 in The Systematic Mistreatment of Children in the Foster Care System: Through the Cracks.)
Author(s): Weinberg, Lois.
Published: 2007
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This chapter explores cracks in the child welfare, mental health, education, and other systems of care that are revealed by the case studies of 10 foster children. Recommendations are proposed for addressing the cracks to create stable home placements, improve school outcomes, improve mental health outcomes, and create stable transition to adulthood. Examples of successful programs are also offered. 5 exhibits.

Title: Sibling Outcomes from a Randomized Trial of Evidence-Based Treatments with Substance Abusing Juvenile Offenders.
Author(s): Rowland, Melisa D.;Chapman, Jason E.;Henggeler, Scott W.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse
v. 17, 3, 2008, p. 11-26
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This study examined the substance use and delinquency outcomes for the nearest age siblings of substance abusing and delinquent adolescents that participated in a randomized clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of integrating evidence-based practices into juvenile drug court. The sample of 70 siblings averaged 14.4 years of age, 50% were male, 71% were African-American, and 27% were white. Measures of sibling substance use and delinquency were collected at four points in time (i.e., pretreatment, 4 months, 12 months, 18 months). Multilevel Longitudinal Models were used to evaluate whether changes in sibling substance use and delinquency paralleled the treatment effects observed for their substance abusing brothers and sisters in the juvenile drug court study. Parallel sibling outcomes were obtained for substance use but not for criminal behavior, and possible reasons for the divergence in these results were discussed. The findings add meaningfully to the literature on the effects of evidence- and family-based treatment on siblings. (Author abstract)

Title: Fact Sheet 1: The Extent of People's Involvement With Alcohol and Drug Services, Child Welfare Services, and the Dependency Court Across Systems (p. B-3 -- B-8 of Screening and Assessment for Family Engagement, Retention and Recovery (SAFERR)).
Published: 2007
Available from: National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information
http://ncadi.samhsa.gov/
P.O. Box 2345
Rockville, MD 20847-2345
Printable version (PDF): http://download.ncadi.samhsa.gov/prevline/pdfs/SMA07-4261.pdf
Abstract: Estimating the number of families affected by substance use disorders and child abuse and/or neglect is extrapolated based on analyzing data collected in specific studies and applying those findings to national statistics of alcohol and drug services and child abuse and neglect. States and communities assessing their own systems' responses may want to take a similar approach using prevalence data and their own State or community's statistics on overall numbers of cases. Therefore, this fact sheet presents the national systems data, the data on the prevalence of the population that crosses over between systems, and explains the sources of the estimates. (Author abstract)

Title: Neonatal Substance Exposure/Substance Exposed Newborns (SEN) [e-learning].
Published: 2007
Available from: Arizona State CASA Program
http://www.supreme.state.az.us/casa/
Arizona State CASA Office
1501 West Washington
Suite 119A

Phoenix, AZ 85007
Document available online at: http://www.supreme.state.az.us/casa/prepare/neonatal.html
Printable version (PDF): http://www.supreme.state.az.us/casa/prepare/neonatal.pdf
Abstract: This training module will present you with information on the effects that intrauterine drug exposure has on children. While some drugs were studied many years ago, others have become topics of concern only in the past decade. You will also be given information on how a drug affects a child's long term development and methods for working with drug-affected children. (Author abstract)

Title: A Look at Child Welfare from a Homeless Education Perspective.
Author(s): Moore, Jan.
Published: 2007
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/ch_welfare.pdf
Abstract: Although navigating the child welfare system can be daunting for those working in the field of homeless education, local liaisons and others must determine whether children in the child welfare system are eligible for McKinney-Vento services and collaborate with child welfare staff. This document provides an overview of the U.S. child welfare system, the challenges children in care face, and practices to ensure their educational best interest. (Author abstract)

Title: Examples of Safety and Risk Assessments for Use by Child Welfare Staff (Appendix F of Screening and Assessment for Family Engagement, Retention and Recovery (SAFERR)).
Published: 2007
Available from: National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information
http://ncadi.samhsa.gov/
P.O. Box 2345
Rockville, MD 20847-2345
Printable version (PDF): http://download.ncadi.samhsa.gov/prevline/pdfs/SMA07-4261.pdf
Abstract: This appendix provides information about and samples of screening and assessment tools for child maltreatment and child development. In the description of each tool, the definition follows the tool acronym. (Author abstract)

Title: Examples of Screening and Assessment Tools for Substance Use Disorders (Appendix D of Screening and Assessment for Family Engagement, Retention and Recovery (SAFERR)).
Published: 2007
Available from: National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information
http://ncadi.samhsa.gov/
P.O. Box 2345
Rockville, MD 20847-2345
Printable version (PDF): http://download.ncadi.samhsa.gov/prevline/pdfs/SMA07-4261.pdf
Abstract: This appendix provides information about and samples of screening and assessment tools for substance use disorders. In the description of each tool, the definition follows the tool acronym. (Author abstract)

Title: Immediate Enrollment Under McKinney-Vento: How Schools Can Keep Homeless Students Safe.
Published: 2007
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/briefs/safe_sch.pdf
Abstract: Children and youth in homeless situations, particularly unaccompanied youth and survivors of domestic violence, are at a high risk for experiencing violence and victimization. By protecting confidential information, communicating with care and sensitivity, and building collaborations with community service providers and advocates, schools can play a pivotal role in protecting the safety of children and youth experiencing homelessness. Use this checklist to help make your school district a safe place. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Investigating Intersections Between Gender and Intimate Partner Violence Recidivism. (Chapter 5 in Women Who Perpetrate Relationship Violence: Moving Beyond Political Correctness.)
Author(s): Renauer, Brian.;Henning, Kris.
Published: 2006
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Mandatory and preferred arrest policies for domestic violence (DV) have led to an increase in DV arrests and prosecutions of male and female suspects. The strain of this increase on criminal justice resources suggests a need for prioritizing DV cases and determining suspects most at risk for recidivism and victimization. The present study sought to address a largely ignored question in the field of DV: who is more likely to recidivate, male or female DV offenders involved with the criminal justice system? Two forms of recidivism were coded using subsequent police reports for DV: recidivism as a suspect and recidivism as a victim. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the ways in which male and female DV offenders recidivate. Males were more likely to recidivate as a suspect and females were more likely to be listed as a future DV victim in police reports. Male and female offenders also significantly differed in the frequency of their recidivism. Gender, independent of other factors, was reliably associated with both forms of recidivism and a similar pattern of recidivism was found in two different cities. There was, however, a small group of female offenders in both cities who appear to be primary aggressors. Another grouping of female offenders appears to be involved in relationships characterized by mutual aggression and bi-directional violence. Together these two groups account for roughly a quarter of the women in our sample. The implications of the findings for arrest practices, treatment and interventions, and using gender as a risk factor are discussed. Validity and reliability problems with using police reports as a measure of DVrecidivism are also reviewed. (Author abstract)

Title: Exploring the Relevance of Attachment Theory as a Dependent Variable in the Treatment of Women Mandated into Treatment for Domestic Violence Offenses. (Chapter 2 in Women Who Perpetrate Relationship Violence: Moving Beyond Political Correctness.)
Author(s): Carney, Michelle Mohr.;Buttell, Frederick P.;
Published: 2006
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of the study was to: (a) investigate the pre-treatment levels of interpersonal dependency and violence among women entering a 16-week, court-mandated, batterer intervention program (BIP) and determine if there were any associations between interpersonal dependency and violence; (b) investigate differences in demographic variables and psychological variables between treatment completers and drop-outs; and (c) evaluate the treatment effect of a standard BIP in altering levels of interpersonal dependency among treatment completers. Method: The study employed a secondary analysis of 75 women, 39 treatment completers and 36 drop-outs. Results: Analysis indicated that women who assault their intimate partners and are court-ordered into treatment are excessively dependent on their partners prior to beginning treatment, that level of interpersonal dependency is directly related to a multidimensional conceptualization of domestic violence (i.e., psychological aggression, physical assault, sexual coercion and injury), that interpersonal dependency is an important variable in predicting treatment completion and that the BIP increased the level of interpersonal dependency among treatment completers. Conclusion: Implications of the findings for professionals providing intervention services to women in court-mandated batterer intervention programs were explored and discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Prompt and Proper Placement: Enrolling Students Without Records.
Published: 2006
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/briefs/assessment.pdf
Abstract: The McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, reauthorized as Title X, Part C, of the No Child Left Behind Act, requires schools to enroll homeless students immediately, even if they do not have the documents normally required for enrollment such as school records, medical records, proof of residency, or others. Unfortunately for many homeless students on the move, incomplete records often result in classroom/curriculum placements that promote frustration and result in failure. This document offers teachers, school counselors, and other school personnel valuable tools and information to assist in making sound educational decisions for immediate placement of homeless children and youth in appropriate classroom settings. (Author abstract)

Title: Personality Profiles of Women and Men Arrested for Domestic Violence: Analysis of Similarities and Differences. (Chapter 3 in Women Who Perpetrate Relationship Violence: Moving Beyond Political Correctness.)
Author(s): Simmons, Catherine A.;Lehman, Peter.;Cobb, Norman.;Fowler, Carol R.;
Published: 2006
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Women arrested for intimate partner violence raise challenges for those working in domestic violence programs. Theoretically, there is no agreement about whether women are aggressive for the same reasons as men or merely victims fighting back in an abusive relationship. Practically, there is very little research to guide treatment of this population. In the current exploratory study, Millon Clinical Multiaxial InventoryIII (MCMI-III) personality profiles of 78 females referred by the courts to a domestic violence diversion program were compared to those of a matched sample of 78 males referred by the courts to the same program. Compared with male offenders, women were more likely to demonstrate elevated histrionic, narcissistic, and compulsive personality traits, and less likely to demonstrate dependant personality traits. Additionally, women in this study were more likely to display MCMI-III profiles indicating the presence of personality disorders. Implications of these findings for the treatment setting are discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Statement of Shared Values and Guiding Principles / Minnesota Children's Justice Initiative-Alcohol and Other Drug Project.
Published: 2006
Available from: Minnesota Judicial Branch
http://www.mncourts.gov/
Minnesota Judicial Center
25 Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd.
St. Paul, MN 55155
Printable version (PDF): http://www.mncourts.gov/documents/0/Public/Children's_Justice_Initiative/Statement_of_Shared_Values_Guiding_Principles_(final).pdf
Abstract: The purpose of this Statement is to guide the collaborative efforts of the undersigned parties as they work together to improve the effective delivery of services by local agencies and the courts, on behalf of children and families involved in the child protection system due to alcohol and other drug problems. The undersigned parties will cooperate to provide leadership and guidance to the courts, child welfare agencies and AOD service providers. (Author abstract)

Title: Female Perpetrators of Intimate Abuse. (Chapter 1 in Women Who Perpetrate Relationship Violence: Moving Beyond Political Correctness.)
Author(s): Dutton, Donald G.;Nicholls, Tonia L.;Spidel, Alicia.
Published: 2006
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: A review is made of female intimate abuse. It is concluded that females are as abusive as males in intimate relationships according to survey and epidemiological studies. This is especially so for younger "cohort" community samples followed longitudinally. Predictors of intimate violence with women appear to be similar to those of men; including antisocial criminal records, alcohol abuse, and personality disorders. (Author abstract)

Title: Bringing the Agendas Together: Partner and Child Abuse. (Chapter 11 in Preventing Violence: Research and Evidence-Based Intervention Strategies.)
Author(s): O'Leary, K. Daniel.;Woodin, Erica M.
Published: 2006
Available from: American Psychological Association
http://www.apa.org
750 1st St., NE
Washington, DC 20002
Abstract: This chapter explores why the fields of partner and child abuse have been so independent, evidence that exists that supports an integration of the domestic violence and child abuse fields, and the preventive implications of integrating the child and partner abuse fields. An integrated, multitargeted model of partner and child abuse prevention is provided. 1 figure and 65 references.

Title: Case Planning Desk Reference for Emergency Situations.
Author(s): Webster, Sarah.;Roe, Melody.
Published: 2006
Available from: Adoption Exchange Association
http://www.adoptuskids.org/
8015 Corporate Drive
Suite C


Baltimore, MD 21236
Printable version (PDF): http://216.38.216.37/adoptusa/documents/Case_Planning_Desk_Reference_FINAL.pdf
Abstract: In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, States experienced circumstances that had never before been experienced in such magnitude and with such far-reaching impact. While disasters had been experienced before, no single prior disaster had the impact of this experience. This event has awakened the child welfare field to the need for more extensive planning for the future. While everyone hopes that there will never again be a disaster with the impact of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, the reality exists that disasters will occur in the future and planning now can lessen the impact such disasters could have on child welfare programs across the country. As a result of such planning, the State of Louisiana asked AdoptUsKids to prepare a reference guide for their staff who might face future situations where children in care are displaced from the State or their parish of jurisdiction, from their birth parents, from their case workers and/or from the courts that held jurisdiction. Continuing efforts to achieve permanency for children in care becomes a greater challenge in the wake of such calamity. The intent of this guide is to assist the worker in developing a well-informed recommendation to the court based upon thoughtful planning and sufficient information. It is not intended to make individual case decisions but rather to ensure critical elements are considered. While there may not be answers to every question, using these questions as a guide will assist in providing documentation to support and inform a caseworker's recommendations. This guide is based upon two basic assumptions: 1) Safety of the child is first and foremost, and 2) Obtaining permanency that affords a sense of belonging is first and foremost in a child's or youth's case plan. While it is recognized that the ultimate decision maker will be the court of jurisdiction, the agency has an obligation to provide the court with critical information and the rationale considered leading to any recommendation they may make to the court. (Author abstract)

Title: Missouri Guidelines for Managing Children Found at Methamphetamine Laboratory Sites : Recommended Guidelines.
Published: 2006
Available from: Truman School of Public Affairs
http://truman.missouri.edu
105 Middlebush Hall
University of Missouri

Columbia, MO 65211-6100
Printable version (PDF): http://truman.missouri.edu/ipp/methlabs/documents/MOguidelines_sm.pdf
Abstract: These guidelines were developed to assist communities in dealing with children who are found at methamphetamine sites in Missouri.

Title: Differential Response. Phase I: A Report on the Monterey County Differential Response Planning Process.
Published: 2006
Available from: Monterey County Department of Social and Employment Services
http://www.co.monterey.ca.us/dss/
1000 South Main Street
Salinas, CA 93901
Document available online at: http://mcdses.co.monterey.ca.us/reports/downloads/DR_Report_Final.pdf
Abstract: This report discusses the development and implementation of Differential Response (DR) in Monterey County. Through DR, families referred through the Child Protective Services Hotline are offered access to three different levels of services based on their assessed risk. Families who do not reach the legal definitions for abuse and are not assessed, instead meet with a community engagement specialist/case manager and are assessed and referred to community agencies for services. The report explains the goals of DR and then outlines the DR planning process in Monterey County that included focus groups and community surveys. State and national research results on DR are shared, along with the findings from the pilot project. DR pilot implementation was conducted between March 17, 2006 and June 30, 2006 and was a collaborative effort between the Department of Social and Employment Services and community partners. Referrals were appropriate for Path 1 if the referral indicated low-risk, and would have been assessed-out in the traditional child welfare system. In these cases, community workers acted as engagement specialists and community case managers; there was no child welfare system response. Path 2 assignment was appropriate for cases with low-to-medium risk indicated in the referral. In Path 2 cases, a joint-response, with the Emergency Response Social Worker and DR community worker was arranged. After the Social Worker conducted a safety assessment, if no significant risk was indicated, the case was handed off to the DR community worker. If high risk was indicated, the Path 3 cases were handled through the traditional child welfare system. Evaluation findings identified the need for a more extensive and comprehensive training process in advance of the pilot testing. In addition, the referral intake process and transfer of referrals to the DR community workers was a problematic area of the pilot implementation. Finally, qualitative findings support a case management model as opposed to limited engagement and referral to services. Results from site visits to Contra Costa County and to Stanislaus County, Sacramento County, San Mateo County, Alameda County are shared. The report concludes with recommendations for Phase II implementation, including timelines and specific tasks for different stakeholders.

Title: Back to Basics: Fundamental Application of the Resource Guidelines and the Adoption and Permanency Guidelines in Child Abuse and Neglect Cases.
Author(s): Barnes, Elizabeth Whitney.
Published: 2006
Available from: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
http://www.ncjfcj.org/
PO Box 8970
Reno, NV 89507
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ncjfcj.org/images/stories/dept/ppcd/pdf/backtobasics.pdf
Abstract: The Child Welfare and Adoption Assistance Act and the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) specifically require that courts take an active role in the oversight of child abuse and neglect cases. This oversight role requires that judges ensure each child's safety and well-being, and that placement in a permanent and stable home is achieved for the child in the shortest timeframe possible. These requirements empower courts to identify and establish best practices to achieve the goals of federal law and the best interests of the child. This Technical Assistance Brief provides examples of practice and strategies utilized by courts to address the best practices outlined in the RESOURCE GUIDELINES and ADOPTION AND PERMANENCY GUIDELINES. This Brief is not intended to be an exhaustive review of all practices utilized by courts for systems reform in child abuse and neglect cases. (Author abstract)

Title: Promising Practices of Safe Start Demonstration Project Sites, 2005. Draft.
Published: 2006
Available from: Association for the Study and Development of Community
http://capacitybuilding.net/
438 N. Frederick Ave., Suite 315
Gaithersburg, MD 20877
Printable version (PDF): http://www.capacitybuilding.net/Promising%20Practices/Safe%20Start%20Promising%20Practices%20Report%202006.pdf
Abstract: The National Safe Start Demonstration Project was created as a "holistic approach to prevent and reduce the harmful effects of exposure to violence on young children by improving access to, delivery of, and quality of services to children and their families at any point of entry into relevant services." The Project emphasizes both service delivery and systems change activities, as well as the inclusion and collaboration of service providers, public officials, and community members in the planning and implementation of the Project. All Safe Start Demonstration Project activities were to be designed based on the available scientific and practice literature about serving children exposed to violence, resulting in evidence-based programming. This report summarizes the promising practices that the 11 Demonstration sites have created and implemented. These practices are organized according to key issues identified by project stakeholders during site visits conducted by the National Evaluation Team in 2005. Specifically: Data-based decision-making, Improving the capacity to collaborate, Increasing awareness of children exposed to violence, Gaining entrée into communities, Increasing identification and referrals, Engaging and retaining children exposed to violence and their families in services, Improving court responses to children exposed to violence, and Sustainability. (Author abstract)

Title: Women Who Perpetrate Relationship Violence: Moving Beyond Political Correctness.
Author(s): Buttell, Frederick P.;Carney, Michelle Mohr.
Published: 2006
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This book explores issues surrounding female violence in intimate relationships. It begins with a review of the incidence of abuse perpetrated by women against male intimate partners, evidence that women aggress against non-abusive partners, and research that indicates men are unlikely to report abuse experiences. The severity of abuse perpetrated by women is discussed, as well as abuse perpetrated by women in homosexual relationships, correlates of women's partner abuse, and risk assessments with female perpetrators. Chapter 2 shares the results of study involving 75 women that indicate women in court-ordered treatment are excessively dependent on their partners prior to beginning treatment, that the level of interpersonal dependency is directly related to a multidimensional conceptualization of domestic violence, that interpersonal dependency is an important variable in predicting treatment completion, and the treatment program increased the level of interpersonal dependency among treatment completers. Chapter 3 reports findings from a study that compared 78 females referred to a court-ordered treatment program with 78 males referred to the same program. Compared with male offenders, the women were more likely to demonstrate elevated histrionic, narcissistic, and compulsive personality traits, and less likely to demonstrate dependent personality traits. Chapter 4 highlights results from a study that investigated the incidence and proportion of women's perpetration of intimate partner homicide in Houston, Texas from 1985-1999. Findings indicate women represented over 40% of the offenders in lethal domestic assaults, both victims and offenders were disproportionately Black, and Black women were equally or more likely than Black men to be the perpetrators of intimate domestic homicide. The final chapter reports findings from a study that investigated whether male or female domestic violence offenders were more likely to recidivate. A review of databases containing information on domestic violence suspects in Memphis, Tennessee, and Portland, Oregon, found males were more likely to recidivate as a suspect and females were more likely to be listed as a future domestic violence victim in police reports. Numerous references.

Title: Greenbook Court Guide for Co-Occurrence Cases. Draft.
Published: 2006
Available from: Greenbook Initiative
http://thegreenbook.ncjfcj.org/
National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
Family Violence Department
P.O. Box 8970
Reno, NV 89507
Printable version (PDF): http://www.thegreenbook.info/documents/Greenbook_Court_Guide.pdf
Abstract: This guide is designed to help New Hampshire judges deal with child protection cases where domestic violence is also present. It follows a child protection case chronologically through the court process from an ex parte petition to a permanency hearing. Each chapter includes a series of key issues. Each issue includes a principle that offers the court specific guidance on how to address the issue. Each principle is followed by a contextual statement to provide more comprehensive information and rationale for the principle. Chapter 1 provides guidance about gathering court files and issuing consistent orders, non-party attendance at hearings, confidentiality of communication with advocates, and courthouse security. Chapter 2 presents guidance around who should attend and how to conduct a Bill F. hearing (a hearing is held to determine whether a non-accused parent is unfit to perform his/her parental duties), the fitness determination, the court's order, and the 30 day status hearing courts may conduct following a Bill F. hearing. The next chapter addresses petition, summons, and court appointments. Information is provided on these issues as well as how to decide if a case is a co-occurrence one. Also addressed is guidance around the redaction of identifying information on a petition if a domestic violence protection order is in effect. Chapter 4 provides guidance around the unique safety considerations in a co-occurrence case including the court's preliminary orders for placement, visitation, evaluations, treatment, and stay away orders. There is also a discussion about the importance of having counsel present for both parents, the continuation of preliminary hearings to allow counsel to be present, gathering court files so that consistent orders are issued, and concurrent planning. Consent decrees are addressed in Chapter 5, with guidance given on ways to assure that consent is voluntary, the importance of individual legal representation, and the specificity of the consent decree. There is also a discussion of the domestic violence component of the social study and the permanency hearing date. Following chapters provide guidance on conducting different types of hearings, including adjudicatory hearings, dispositional hearings, review hearings, and permanency hearings.

Title: Spouse Abuse, Child Abuse, and Substance Abuse Among Army Families: Co-Occurrence, Correlates and Service Delivery Issues.
Author(s): Gibbs, Deborah A.
Published: 2006
Available from: Defense Technical Information Center
http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/index.html
Fort Belvoir, VA
Printable version (PDF): http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA453955
Abstract: The objective of this study is to identify opportunities to help military families experiencing violence and/or substance abuse and establish best practices for coordinating multiple service delivery for these families. Researchers hypothesize significant overlap of child abuse, spouse abuse, and/or substance abuse in Army families experiencing violence, and that Army and civilian social service agency staff are not providing a coordinated response to serving these families. The study is guided by the following three aims: (1) Examine characteristics of Army personnel and families experiencing co-occurrence of child abuse, spouse abuse, and/or substance abuse; (2) Identify characteristics of Army service providers and organizations that facilitate or impede service linkage; and (3) Describe perceptions of Army and civilian responders, service providers, and families about needs regarding service delivery and linkage, current and best practices, and barriers to delivering or receiving services. (Author abstract)

Title: Unaccompanied and Homeless Youth: Review of Literature (1995-2005).
Author(s): Moore, Jan.
Published: 2006
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/uy_lit_review.pdf
Abstract: This review is based on literature published between 1995 and 2005 on issues concerning unaccompanied youth experiencing homelessness. It provides an overview of the challenges these young people face and includes research about why they leave their homes, how they live after leaving, and what interventions are being used to assist them. (Author abstract)

Title: Substance Abuse and Its Effect on Women.
Published: 2006
Available from: Institute for Women's Leadership
http://iwl.rutgers.edu/
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
162 Ryders Lane
New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8555
Abstract: This issue of NJ WomenCount deals with substance abuse and its effect on New Jersey women. Both women's connections with substance abuse are examined as well as New Jersey's progress in dealing with the issue and challenges the state still faces. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Functional Assessment in Residential Treatment.
Author(s): Tidwell, W. Guy.
Published: 2006
Journal Name: Residential treatment for children and youth : the official journal of the American Association of Children's Residential Centers.
v. 23, 3/4, p. 37-60
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This paper covers the application of functional behavioral assessment (FBA) to treatment of problem behavior in residential facilities. Basic behavioral concepts are covered with emphasis on antecedent events and their importance in assessment and treatment. The paper focuses on two types of assessment, the behavioral interview and the A-B-C narrative recording. These two assessment strategies are covered because because they are well suited to the strengths of residential facilities. The paper includes recommendations for the implementation of these two assessment strategies and a case study is presented. (Author abstract)

Title: Meeting the Educational Needs of Students Displaced by Disasters: Youth on Their Own.
Published: 2006
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/briefs/csds_youth.pdf
Abstract: The McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act ensures educational protections for youth who are homeless and unaccompanied. This document explains key aspects of the law and provides strategies for implementation. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Promising Practices of Safe Start Demonstration Sites: A First Look.
Published: 2005
Available from: Association for the Study and Development of Community
http://capacitybuilding.net/
438 N. Frederick Ave., Suite 315
Gaithersburg, MD 20877
Printable version (PDF): http://www.capacitybuilding.net/Promising%20Practices/SafeStartPromisingPractices.pdf
Abstract: The National Safe Start Demonstration Project ("Safe Start Demonstration") was created as a "holistic approach to prevent and reduce the harmful effects of exposure to violence on young children by improving access to, delivery of, and quality of services to children and their families at any point of entry into relevant services." The project emphasizes both service delivery and systems change activities, as well as the inclusion and collaboration of service providers, public officials, and community members in the planning and implementation of the Initiative. All Safe Start Demonstration activities were to be designed based on the available scientific and practice literature about serving CEV, resulting in evidence-based programming. This report summarizes the promising practices that the 11 Demonstration Sites created and were implementing. These practices are organized along the major dimensions of the Safe Start Demonstration Project national logic model. Those dimensions are: (1) Local agency and community engagement and collaboration; (2) Systems change activities, including: Development of policies, procedures, and protocols; Service integration; Resource development; and Community awareness; and (3) New/expanded/enhanced programming, including: Identification of CEV; Assessment of exposure and impact of exposure; Referral to services; Treatment and service delivery to CEV; and Follow- up of treatment and services to CEV2. The National Safe Start Demonstration Project logic model can be found in Appendix A. (Author abstract)

Title: Children in Meth Labs Project [Website].
Published: 2005
Available from: Truman School of Public Affairs
http://truman.missouri.edu
105 Middlebush Hall
University of Missouri

Columbia, MO 65211-6100
Document available online at: http://truman.missouri.edu/ipp/methlabs/
Abstract: Missouri leads the nation in the number of methamphetamine (meth) labs. Recent statistics by the Drug Enforcement Agency's EPIC Form concluded that over 500 children were found in seized meth labs in Missouri in 2002 (the most recent statistics). Children found in meth labs often require immediate medical attention. To best meet the needs of these children, other states, like California, Washington, and Nebraska have successfully implemented multi-disciplinary protocols. The Missouri Juvenile Justice Association's "Children in Meth Labs Project" seeks to improve the safety and medical care of children found in meth labs. The project will: develop, implement and publish statewide, coordinated interagency protocols for children found in meth labs; develop a multi-disciplinary training curriculum based on the protocols; utilizing the curriculum, provide six regional training programs to multi-disciplinary personnel, and; develop a web-based course focused on these protocols and curriculum. (Author abstract)

Title: Collaborations of Schools and Social Service Agencies
Author(s): Moore, Jan.
Published: 2005
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/collab_school_social.pdf
Abstract: This report explores collaborative efforts of schools and social service agencies working with homeless children and families. The report identifies frequently encountered barriers and successful strategies to overcome them. It examines specific programs and practices that could be adapted effectively for use in similar settings by school-level educators, local homeless liaisons, state homeless coordinators, social service workers, and other personnel who work in any capacity with homeless students. (Author abstract)

Title: Oregon Children, Adults and Families: Expert Review of the Safety Intervention System.
Published: 2005
Available from: Oregon Department of Human Services
http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/
500 Summer St. NE
Salem, OR 97301
Printable version (PDF): http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/abuse/publications/children/nrccps_report.pdf
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to provide an expert review of the Oregon Children, Adults and Families (CAF) safety intervention system in comparison to the state of the art of Child Protective Services (CPS) safety intervention nationally. The state of the art consists of 1) the state of the knowledge base that defines, directs and supports the concept, standards and practice of safety intervention and 2) actual application occurring nationally in case practice. Notably the knowledge base is generally well formed and continuing to evolve while the nature and quality of application lags behind. Simply stated, what is known about safety intervention exceeds what currently is being done in practice. The objectives of the study included: (1) To judge the extent to which components of the safety intervention system provide sufficient guidance and support for staff to perform competently; (2) To conduct an expert comparative assessment of system components related to staff self assessment; and (3) To identify the extent to which the design of the safety intervention system can be considered to be ahead of, consistent with or behind the state of the art. This study considered the characteristics and sufficiency of the safety intervention system. The study did not evaluate and findings do not reflect the quality of safety intervention case practice and decision-making. (Author abstract)

Title: Children with Disabilities and Child Maltreatment.
Author(s): Bennett, Susan.;Baladerian, Nora J.
Published: 2005
Journal Name: Link (International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect)
v. 14, 2, Northern Summer /Southern Winter 2005, p. 1, 8
Available from: International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN)
http://www.ispcan.org/
245 W. Roosevelt Road, Building 6, Suite 39
West Chicago, IL 60185
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ispcan.org/documents/LINK/Link.14.2.English.pdf
Abstract: This paper discusses the incidence of abuse among children with disabilities and the risks different types of disabilities pose that make abuse more likely. Reasons children with disabilities are more vulnerable are explained, as well as barriers to effective prevention and assessment. The need for a full assessment that would include communication with the child using their preferred method, interviews with all the caregivers and specialists, and a review of all case files held by the service providers is emphasized. Additional recommendations include agency and caregiver training for working with children with disabilities and integrated multi-agency data collection within the child protection system. The role the United Nations and International Human Rights Organizations can play is also stressed, including ensuring that all countries define violence uniformly for children with and without disabilities, provide equal protection of the lives and welfare of children with disabilities, provide equal prosecution of crimes committed against children with disabilities, and conduct research to determine the nature and extent of unequal treatment of crimes committed against children with disabilities.

Title: Increasing School Stability for Students Experiencing Homelessness: Overcoming Challenges to Providing Transportation to the School of Origin.
Author(s): Bowman, Diana.;Barksdale, Katina.
Published: 2004
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/nche_transp_full.pdf
Abstract: This monograph reviews the provisions of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act as related to the provision of transportation to the school of origin, and provides recommendations for implementing the transportation mandate. Recommendations are based on interviews with local homeless education liaisons and pupil transportation directors from eight school districts across the country. Sample district policies and documents are included. (Author abstract)

Title: Handbook for Police Responding to Domestic Violence:Promoting Safer Communities by Integrating Research & Practice
Published: 2004
Available from: Centre for Children and Families in the Justice System
http://www.lfcc.on.ca
London Family Court Clinic
254 Pall Mall St., Suite 200
London N6A 5P6, ON
Document available online at: http://www.lfcc.on.ca/handbook_police.html
Printable version (PDF): http://www.lfcc.on.ca/Handbook_for_Police.pdf
Abstract: Many dangers and frustrations associated with police response to domestic violence are inherent in the law enforcement role. Knowledge about the dynamics of violence in intimate relationships may assist officers to respond in ways that are most useful and supportive to the victim. It may also help officers to understand why their best attempts to intervene are so often met with resistance, and to tolerate the reality that repetitive police interventions may be necessary. Understanding the potential benefits of intervening with children exposed to domestic violence may assist officers in feeling part of the solution and contributing to a meaningful community collaboration to reduce violence in future generations. (Author abstract)

Title: The Relationship between Teenage Motherhood and Marriage.
Published: 2004
Available from: National Campaign To Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy
http://www.thenationalcampaign.org/
1776 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20036
Printable version (PDF): http://www.teenpregnancy.org/works/pdf/TeenMothersMarriage.pdf
Abstract: Teenage childbearing is associated with many adverse consequences for teen mothers, their families, and children. Many of the negative consequences for teen mothers are due to the disadvantaged situations in which many of these girls already lived before having a teen birth. While the disadvantaged backgrounds of most teen mothers account for many of the burdens that these young women shoulder, having a baby during adolescence often restricts economic and educational opportunities, and these disadvantages tend to be passed on to the next generation. Children born to teen mothers are often worse off than children born to older mothers. They are at higher risk of poverty, low educational attainment, problem behavior, early sexual activity, and becoming a teen parent themselves. Marriage, or more specifically, the absence of marriage, helps explain this cycle of disadvantage. Many family-related factors affect how children fare and develop over time, and marriage is one of them. Research suggests that children do best when they are raised by two parents who have a stable marriage. Yet only 20 percent of teen births occur within marriage , and teen pregnancy itself is associated with a lower likelihood of marriage. Teen mothers are unlikely to marry the biological fathers of their children, and those teenage mothers who do wed often end up in unstable marriages. For their part, the unmarried fathers are less likely to be involved in their children's lives, and reduced paternal involvement is associated with lower child well-being. For all of these reasons, helping more women reach adulthood before they have children would go a long way toward ensuring that more children grow up in stable,married families. And considering the large body of research on the benefits to children of growing up insuch families, the link between reducing teen pregnancies and improving overall child well-being is clear. (Author abstract)

Title: Vermont's Partnership Between Domestic Violence Programs and Child Protective Services [Website].
Published: 2004
Available from: National Online Resource Center on Violence Against Women
http://www.vawnet.org
6400 Flank Drive, Suite 1300

Harrisburg, PA 17112-2778
Document available online at: http://new.vawnet.org/category/Documents.php?docid=846
Abstract: Vermont's Partnership Between Domestic Violence Programs and Child Protective Services is a series of publications created through a collaboration of the Vermont Network Against Domestic and Sexual Violence, the Vermont Department for Children and Families and the Vermont Center for Crime Victim Services (2004) Authors discuss a coordinated systems approach, provide model policy responses to issues impacting children exposed to domestic violence and review several confidentiality and information-sharing issues that arise through collaborations between domestic violence programs and child protective services. Each publication includes a review of questions to consider, recommendations for best practices and lessons learned from the Vermont experience. (Author abstract)

Title: Migrant Children and Youths Experiencing Homelessness: Rights and Services Through the McKinney-Vento Homeless Education Assistance Act.
Published: 2004
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/briefs/migrant.pdf
Abstract: Migrant children and youths face many educational challenges resulting from mobility and poverty. Particular challenges include moving from one school to another several times during the year, facing difficulties in enrollment or being placed in inappropriate classes due to missing school records, losing instructional and curricular continuity, poor attendance or non-attendance, language barriers, and social isolation. The purpose of this brief is to provide the reader with the information about two important legislative supports that address these challenges for the benefit of migrant students who are experiencing homelessness. (Author abstract)

Title: Risk Assessment in Child Welfare.
Author(s): Knoke, Della.;Trocmé, Nico.
Published: 2004
Available from: Centre of Excellence for Child Welfare
http://www.cecw-cepb.ca/about_e.html
University of Toronto, Faculty of Social Work
246 Bloor Street West
Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A1
Printable version (PDF): http://www.cecw-cepb.ca/sites/default/files/publications/en/RiskAssessment18E.pdf
Abstract: Discusses structured risk assessment.

Title: Talk and Trust: Identifying Substance Abuse Among Colorado Works Families.
Author(s): Nakashian, Mary.
Published: 2003
Available from: National Center on Substance Abuse and Child Welfare
http://www.ncsacw.samhsa.gov
4940 Irvine Boulevard
Suite 202
Irvine, CA 92620
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ncsacw.samhsa.gov/files/TalkandTrust4_17.pdf
Abstract: Talk and Trust includes six chapters and appendices. After an introduction in Chapter One, Chapter Two: Substance Abuse, TANF, and Work briefly describes the extent of substance abuse and addiction in Colorado and in the country as a whole. It provides information about the connections between substance abuse treatment and work outcomes. It includes current data about the extent of substance abuse among TANF recipients and the array of problems that accompany substance abuse for these women. Chapter Three: Screening Instruments and Techniques for TANF Staff describes how screening is supposed to work. It offers suggestions regarding how workers can introduce screening tools to recipients. It also reviews the benefits and limitations of screening instruments and drug testing, and presents some widely used screening instruments. Chapter Four: Beyond Screening: Other Ways to Identify Substance Abuse describes methods some Colorado counties and other states use to better identify substance abuse. In some cases, these methods do not involve workers at all. These strategies may be as important as the screening instruments themselves, and they can enhance the effectiveness of those instruments. Chapter Five: Four Dimensions of Trust describes trust as a concept involving not only recipients, but also workers and agencies, and it suggests ways for TANF administrators to "operationalize" trust. Chapter Six: Implications, Steps to Take, and Pitfalls to Avoid lays out some of the issues that administrators should consider when developing strategies for TANF families with substance abuse. It offers feasible steps to guide administrators through the process of establishing these strategies, and shares some lessons based on ideas that did not work.

Title: Students on the Move: Reaching and Teaching Highly Mobile Children and Youth.
Author(s): Popp, Patricia A.;Stronge, James H.;Hindman, Jennifer L.
Published: 2003
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/highly_mobile.pdf
Abstract: This handbook synthesizes research on the education of various subpopulations of students who tend to be highly mobile and explores commonalities and differences among these groups. Subpopulations explored include migratory children and youth, children and youth experiencing homelessness, children of military families, and students experiencing mobility on a global scale. (Author abstract)

Title: Unique Development Needs of the Children of Adolescent Parents.
Published: 2003
Available from: Healthy Teen Network.
www.healthyteennetwork.com
509 2nd St. NE
Washington, DC 20002
Abstract: This resource guide addresses the unique developmental needs of children of adolescent parents, calls for provisions and comprehensive educational services that emphasize both life skills and academic achievement for teen parents and their children, and affirms that children of adolescent parents are at higher risk for numerous negative outcomes and need support systems to be implemented that attend to their needs. It begins with a list of seven value statements adopted by the Healthy Teen Network Board of Directors that have relevance for children of adolescent parents. Recommendations are then provided for assisting adolescent parents and their children. The recommendations address the following areas: awareness of the unique needs of pregnant and parenting adolescents and children, education, support systems, behaviors, and funding. Background information on the prevalence and concerns surrounding adolescent parents and their children is offered, and the impact of adolescent parenting on children is explained. 37 references.

Title: Protecting New Jersey's Children and Families from Substance Abuse.
Published: 2003
Available from: New Jersey Dept. of Human Services
http://www.state.nj.us/humanservices/
222 South Warren Street, P.O. Box 700

Trenton, NJ 08625-0700
Printable version (PDF): http://www.state.nj.us/humanservices/Reports/Substance%20Abuse/CFSR-WorkgroupReport%20_Final_%20-%20Substance%20Abuse1.pdf
Abstract: This report contains the recommendations of a workgroup established by the New Jersey Department of Human Services to examine the relationship between child welfare and substance abuse. The work group was composed of persons from a cross-section of disciplines and branches of government that interface with the child welfare system. After a series of meetings and discussions from December 2002 through September 2003, the work group finalized the recommendations. The recommendations developed by the Substance Abuse Work Group speak to four primary challenges which persist for serving parents and families needing substance abuse treatment: the need for more substance abuse training for Division of Youth and Family Services (DYFS) workers; more appropriate treatment options for at-risk families; safety and permanency plans for children that consider the entire family unit; and better cooperation among the government and non-government entities that touch the lives of children every day. The report discusses the effects of substance abuse on parenting skills and the threat to child safety and well-being. It describes the implementation and findings from New Jersey and federal programs that address substance abuse, including: the Substance Abuse Initiative, the Substance Abuse Research Demonstration (SARD) project, the Child Protection Substance Abuse Initiative, and the Adoption and Safe Families Act. The method used by the Substance Abuse Work Group to develop their recommendations is explained and the recommendations are presented. For each recommendation, the report describes the purpose of the recommendation, targeted activities, action steps, lead agency, timeframe, and key practices of research evaluation projects. 22 references.

Title: Review of the Child Protective Services Intake Process.
Published: 2002
Available from: Oregon Department of Human Services
http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/
500 Summer St. NE
Salem, OR 97301
Printable version (PDF): http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/abuse/publications/children/cpsintakerpt.pdf
Abstract: This report discusses the outcomes of a review of the child protection intake process used in the Oregon Department of Human Services (DHS). The review sought to document current child protective intake practices, assess the impact of new and proposed changes in DHS policies and procedures for responding to child abuse reports, and identify possible improvements in DHS practices. The investigation included: a review of relevant previous reports and studies provided by DHS; site visits to four Service Delivery Areas, including six branch offices; and an analysis of certain 2001 data provided by DHS or obtained in the site visits. The review found that DHS has the policies, systems, and procedures in place needed to address the key performance requirements of an effective child protection intake system, and that branches were making diligent efforts to comply with DHS policies. It concludes, however, that there are opportunities for improvement related to several of the details and features of the policies, systems, and procedures. Recommendations for improving the effectiveness of DHS in protecting children from abuse and neglect are proposed.

Title: Access Denied: The Barriers of Violence and Poverty for Abused Women and their Children's Search for Justice and Community Services After Separation.
Author(s): Jaffe, Peter.;Zerwer, Michelle.;Poisson, Samantha.
Published: 2002
Available from: Centre for Children and Families in the Justice System
http://www.lfcc.on.ca
London Family Court Clinic
254 Pall Mall St., Suite 200
London N6A 5P6, ON
Document available online at: http://www.lfcc.on.ca/access_denied.html
Printable version (PDF): http://www.lfcc.on.ca/access_denied_full.pdf
Abstract: In this two-year study, 62 women were interviewed about their experiences in the legal system and their efforts to find legal and counselling services after separation from an abusive partner. Ninety-five of their children were interviewed as well. Focus groups were held with women involved with specialized domestic violence counselling. Although some women found assistance others described a sense of re-victimization by legal, social service and mental health profesionals who lacked an understanding of the dynamics of domestic violence. To provide the reader with a broader context, each section of the report contrasts the myths and facts juxtaposed with study facts and recommendations. (Author abstract)

Title: Finding Out What Matters For Youth: Testing Key Links in a Community Action Framework for Youth Development.
Author(s): Gambone, Michelle Alberti.;Klem, Adena M.;Connell, James P.
Published: 2002
Available from: Youth Development Strategies
http://www.ydsi.org/ydsi/index.html
PO Box 759
Island Heights, NJ 08732
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ydsi.org/ydsi/pdf/WhatMatters.pdf
Abstract: The first in a series of reports designed to deepen understanding of what matters for youth and what can be done to improve their conditions, this report discusses the Community Action Framework for Youth Development and the link between youth development experiences and outcomes and long-term outcomes in early adulthood. The framework is based on both academic and applied research on youth and communities, and presents a research-based set of developmental supports and opportunities to guide the design and evaluation of programs, organizations, and initiatives serving youth. Two sets of outcomes are also offered that these supports and opportunities are hypothesized to influence both directly and indirectly. Components of the framework are explained, as well as strategies for using the framework. Findings from a project are then shared that identified existing, high-quality data sets with information on youth's experience of supports and opportunities, their developmental outcomes, and/or their early adult outcomes. Chapter 3 focuses on the relationships between developmental outcomes and early adult outcomes, and Chapter 4 focuses on the relationships between supports and opportunities and developmental outcomes. Both chapters begin with a brief summary of the findings from a literature review, followed by a description of the thresholds, or tipping points, identified for the relevant elements in the framework. Information is included on what percentage of the sample from two data sets is at optimal or risk levels on these elements. All results are combined across data sets in order to provide a single finding for the importance of each element on the pathway to long-term success. Finally, the resource and liability effects are presented on how much developmental outcomes matter to early adult outcomes and how much supports and opportunities matter to later developmental outcomes. 29 references and numerous tables.

Title: CAGE: Substance Abuse Assessment Tool.
Published: 2001
Available from: CONCERN: EAP
http://www.concern-eap.com/
1503 Grant Rd, Suite 120

Mountain View, CA 94040
Abstract: The CAGE questionnaire consists of four questions, which are listed on this page. Scoring is also explained.

Title: Creating Effective Treatment Programs for Persons With Co-Occurring Disorders in the Justice System.
Author(s): Hills, Holly.
Published: 2000
Available from: GAINS center
http://www.gainscenter.samhsa.gov/
Policy Research Associates, Inc.
345 Delaware Avenue
Delmar, NY 12054
Printable version (PDF): http://www.gainscenter.samhsa.gov/pdfs/disorders/Creating_Effective_TX_Prog.pdf
Abstract: Much attention has been paid in recent years to the increasing number of incarcerated individuals who have co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorders. This monograph highlights key elements that are important to consider when developing treatment programming for persons with co-occurring disorders (mental illness and substance abuse) in the criminal justice system. It begins by describing the population to be treated, and reviews the reasons why treatment of persons with co-occurring disorders has been so challenging. Models of treatment that have been described in the clinical and research literature are reviewed. Generic program principles, irrespective of theoretical orientation, are outlined. Challenges encountered when trying to provide improved services to offenders with co-occurring disorders are also considered. (Author abstract)

Title: Off to a Good Start: Research on the Risk Factors for Early School Problems and Selected Federal Policies Affecting Children's Social and Emotional Development and Their Readiness for Scool.
Author(s): Huffman, Lynne C.;Mehlinger, Sarah L.;Kerivan, Amy S.;Cavanaugh, Doreen A.;Lippit, John.;Moyo, Otrude.
Published: 2000
Available from: FPG Child Development Institute
http://www.fpg.unc.edu/
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 8180
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8180
Abstract: This volume includes two papers that examine the responsiveness of federal policies to the known risk and protective factors for academic and behavioral problems at the beginning of school. The first paper reviews the last two decades of relevant scientific literature in order to identify risk factors associated with problems during entry into school. Articles published between 1980 and 1998 were reviewed with particular attention to behavioral and social risk factors examined via longitudinal designed. Risk factors as well as protective factors are described at individual, family and peer, neighborhood and community, and sociocultural levels. Salient outcomes included impaired language, motor and social capacities, special education status, grade retention, behavioral problems, and learning disabilities. Both basic and intervention studies indicate that risk for children's problems during early elementary school is associated with several identified factors, including low birth weight, low IQ, early behavior and relationship problems, and low socioeconomic status. The second paper in this volume identifies selected federal policies that address the identified risk factors. Federal policies are examined in five domains: child health, early childhood care and education, family support and child welfare, child nutrition, and socioeconomic status. This review found that the federal government is making a major contribution to the emotional and behavioral health of young children and their families through Medicaid expansions, the passage of the State Child Health Insurance Program, and demonstration programs such as Starting Early Starting Smart. The review also found that the multiplicity of federal agencies addressing similar concerns creates fragmentation of resources and engenders difficulty in coordinating efforts. In addition, gaps in federal policy and the inadequacy of federal programs to reach all young children are noted. The need for a seamless, multidisciplinary system of early childhood care that transcends traditional federal policy boundaries is stressed. 11 table and numerous references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Shelter From the Storm: Clinical Intervention with Children Affected by Domestic Violence: A Curriculum for Mental Health Clinicians.
Published: 2000
Available from: Child Witness to Violence Project (CWVP)
http://www.childwitnesstoviolence.org/
Boston Medical Center
91 East Concord Street, 5th Floor
Boston, MA 02118
Abstract: This is a manual for training mental health providers who work with children and families affected by domestic violence. This manual includes workshop materials for 13 hours of training, slides for use in training, complete bibliography, and fully reproducible handouts. (Author abstract)

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