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Administration / Child Welfare Systems - Results (91 Publications)

Title: Nurse-Family Partnership Snapshot.
Published: 2009
Available from: Nurse-Family Partnership
http://www.nursefamilypartnership.org/
1900 Grant Street, Suite 400
Denver, CO 80203
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nursefamilypartnership.org/resources/files/PDF/Fact_Sheets/NFP_Snapshot_Oct_09.pdf
Abstract: This snapshot includes the current number of states, counties, and clients for the Nurse-Family Partnership, an evidence-based community health program that helps vulnerable mothers pregnant with their first children.

Title: Leadership Needed to Address Disproportionality in Child Welfare.
Author(s): Riggs, Diane.;Kroll, Joe.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Adoptalk.
Spring 2008,
Available from: North American Council on Adoptable Children (NACAC)
http://www.nacac.org/
970 Raymond Avenue, Suite 106
St. Paul, MN 55114
Document available online at: http://www.nacac.org/adoptalk/disproportionality.html
Abstract: This brief discusses the disproportionality of Native American and minority children in child welfare systems in Canada and the United States. Factors that influence disproportionality are explored, as well as disproportionality reduction strategies. Strategies include providing opportunities for open dialogue about race and child welfare, developing programs to support healthy pregnancies and safe newborn care, ensuring access to high quality family support, preservation, and reunification services, educating other systems about child welfare disparities, and teaching culturally competent practices. The need for additional funding to support prevention programs and legal guardianship is emphasized.

Title: Child Maltreatment in Diverse Households: Challenges to law, Theory, and Practice. (Chapter 4 in Children, Family Responsibilities, and the State.)
Author(s): Brophy, Julia.
Published: 2008
Available from: Wiley-Blackwell
www.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: This article reviews child care law and guidance related to issues of diversity in the United Kingdom, and explores the impact of notions of diversity in evidence before the courts. The relevance of diversity in allegations of significant harm to children and failures of parenting is discussed, as well as the pitfalls of notions such as cultural relativism and concepts imported from cultural anthropology for determining culturally acceptable parenting. The use of paradigms of intersectionality is proposed. 40 references.

Title: Perspectives on Parenting Responsibility: Contextualizing Values and Practices. (Chapter 5 in Children, Family Responsibilities, and the State.)
Author(s): Gillies, Val.
Published: 2008
Available from: Wiley-Blackwell
www.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: This article critically explores the classed assumptions underpinning contemporary family policy, situating them within the context of broader political and theoretical debates about parenting responsibilities. Findings are shared from studies of 5 white, working-class mothers and white and ethnic minority parents from 27 households in England and Scotland that indicate a clear relationship between the resources held by particular parents and the child-rearing practices they pursued. 38 references.

Title: Youth Crime: Whose Responsibility. (Chapter 7 in Children, Family Responsibilities, and the State.)
Author(s): Newbury, Alex.
Published: 2008
Available from: Wiley-Blackwell
www.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: This article discusses the use of restorative justice approach as an alternative approach to youth crime in England. It reflects on findings from a study of 41 young offenders who were the subjects of Referral Orders, and considers how successfully the English youth justice system has adopted this approach. The significant difference between the theory of restorative justice and its use in practice is noted, and it is argued that New Labour's emphasis on the criminal justice system has missed the point behind the ideology of restorative justice and the wider opportunities it offers for a proactively restorative society. 45 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Governing Parenting: Is There a Case for a Policy Review and Statement of Parenting Rights and Responsibilities. (Chapter 8 in Children, Family Responsibilities, and the State.)
Author(s): Henricson, Clem.
Published: 2008
Available from: Wiley-Blackwell
www.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: This article explores the role of the State in the governance of families in the context of a political philosophy that endorses a rights perspective in social policy and the need to promote transparent government. It discusses ambiguities in family policy, and strategies for resolving the ambiguities and managing tensions between the State and families. The need for a strategic policy statement outlining parents' rights and responsibilities is considered. 28 references.

Title: Sustaining Grassroots Community-Based Programs: A Toolkit for Community- and Faith-Based Service Providers.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information
http://ncadi.samhsa.gov/
P.O. Box 2345
Rockville, MD 20847-2345
Printable version (PDF): http://download.ncadi.samhsa.gov/prevline/pdfs/SMA08-4340.pdf
Abstract: ToolKit designed to help grassroots community and faith based organizations develop program services. Contains 6 separate books: Introduction, Organizational Assessment and Readiness, Effective Marketing Strategies, Financial Management, Sustainability Strategies, and Results-Oriented Evaluation. (Author abstract)

Title: Homeland Insecurity: Why Children Must be a Priority in the 2008 Presidential Campaign. 2nd Edition.
Published: 2008
Available from: Every Child Matters Education Fund
http://www.everychildmatters.org/
2000 M St. NW, Suite 203
Washington, DC 20036
Printable version (PDF): http://www.everychildmatters.org/images/stories/pdf/homelandinsecurity08.pdf
Abstract: The life chances of children are vastly improved when they are the top priority of supportive families and communities. But as the numbers in our report show, this happy ending eludes many millions of children, who are challenged by problems that should not exist in the world's wealthiest nation -- health care, child abuse, imprisonment, school readiness, afterschool care, and poverty. This report finds that new investments children's programs can make homeland security a reality for all children. (Author abstract)

Title: The 2008 Foundation for Child Development Child and Youth Well-Being Index (CWI) Report, Including, An Update of the CWI for the Years 1975-2006, Projections of the CWI for 2007, and Special Focus Report on an Intergenerational Comparison of Adolescent Well-Being.
Author(s): Land, Kenneth C.
Published: 2008
Available from: Foundation for Child Development
http://www.fcd-us.org
145 East 32nd Street
14th Floor
New York, NY 10016
Printable version (PDF): http://www.fcd-us.org/usr_doc/2008AnnualRelease.pdf
Abstract: The quality of life of American children has been stalled since 2002, according to the Foundation for Child Development (FCD) 2008 Child Well-Being Index (CWI), an annual comprehensive measure of how children are faring in the United States. The CWI calculates the overall status of American children for every year since 1975, and finds less than a three percent improvement for kids over the past generation. In addition to noting children's stalled improvement since 2002, the 2008 CWI also compares the well-being of teenagers in the first part of this decade (2003-2005; "Echo Boomers") with the well-being of teenagers in the early years of the study (1975-1977; "Late Baby Boomers"). The teenagers of 1975-1977 are likely to include many who are now the parents of teenagers. (Author abstract)

Title: Creating a Front Porch: Strategies for Improving Access to Mental Health Services.
Author(s): Callejas, Linda M.;Nesman, Teresa.;Mowery, Debra.;Hernandez, Mario.
Published: 2008
Available from: Research and Training Center for Children's Mental Health
http://rtckids.fmhi.usf.edu/
Department of Child and Family Studies
Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute
University of South Florida
13301 Bruce B. Downs Blvd.

Tampa, FL 33612-3807
Document available online at: http://cfs.fmhi.usf.edu/pub-details.cfm?pubID=207
Printable version (PDF): http://rtckids.fmhi.usf.edu/rtcpubs/CulturalCompetence/porch/CultCompPorch.pdf
Abstract: This monograph shares results of interviews conducted with personnel from selected organizations and focuses on key practices that were reported to increase accessibility of mental health services for under served populations. It includes a description of each of the target populations served by the participating study sites, as well as information about the history and context of, and general service delivery information for each organization. (Author abstract)

Title: A New Safety Net for Low-Income Families.
Author(s): Zedlewski, Sheila.;Chaudry, Ajay.;Simms, Margaret.
Published: 2008
Available from: Urban Institute
http://www.urban.org
2100 M Street, NW
Washington, DC 20037
Printable version (PDF): http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411738_new_safety_net.pdf
Abstract: During the 1990s, the federal government promised low-income families that work would pay. Parents moved into jobs in response to new welfare rules requiring work, tax credits and other work supports that boosted take-home pay. Unfortunately, the record shows that low-income families have not progressed much. Many don't bring home enough to cover the everyday costs of living. This paper synthesizes the current status of low-income families along with the findings from a set of essays that address key shortcomings in the safety net. The paper summarizes ideas for policies that would make work pay in today's economy. (Author abstract)

Title: Children, Family Responsibilities, and the State.
Author(s): Lind, Craig.;Keating, Heather.
Published: 2008
Available from: Wiley-Blackwell
www.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: This compilation includes essays that explore family and State responsibility for children that were first presented as papers at a symposium at the University of Sussex in England in September 2006. The essays consider the relationship between family responsibility, parenting, and the State, and the State's role in caring for children. Specifically, the essays address: ambivalent commitments to parenting and family life by the New Labour government in adoption support efforts, and its effect on service provision; the extent to which the State's duties and responsibilities in the context of adoption are framed and reinforced by a rights-based discourse, and the difficulties of using a rights-based discourse to post-adoption support services; the local authority as a reluctant parent and its consequences for children; child maltreatment in diverse households and the impact of notions of diversity in evidence before the courts; the classed assumptions underpinning contemporary family policy and evidence indicating parenting practices and values are grounded in social and economic realities; the intellectual basis for New Labour's policy for holding parents to account for the misconduct of their children and its pitfalls; the use of a restorative justice approach as an alternative approach to youth crime; the governance of families in the context of a political philosophy that endorses a rights perspective in social policy and the need to promote transparent government; and assumptions that underpin the Every Child Matters: Change for Children program launched in England and the emergence of the preventive-surveillance State. Numerous references.

Contents: Introduction: responsible parents and a responsible state / Craig Lind and Heather Keating -- Adoption support and the negotiation of ambivalence in family policy and children?s services / Barry Luckock -- Making and breaking family life: adoption, the state, and human rights / Sonia Harris-Short -- The state as parent: the reluctant parent? the problems of parents of last resort / Judith Masson -- Child maltreatment in diverse households: challenges to law, theory, and practice / Julia Brophy -- Perspectives on parenting responsibility: contextualizing values and practices / Val Gillies -- Holding parents to account: tough on children, tough on the causes of children / Laurence Koffman -- Youth crime: whose responsibility? / Alex Newbury -- Governing parenting: is there a case for a policy review and statement of parenting rights and responsibilities? / Clem Henricson -- The 'change for children'.

Title: Nurse-Family Partnership: Effective and Affordable - What's Not to Like About It?
Published: 2008
Available from: Nurse-Family Partnership
http://www.nursefamilypartnership.org/
1900 Grant Street, Suite 400
Denver, CO 80203
Abstract: As states and counties nationwide consider adopting the Nurse-Family Partnership program of prenatal and infancy nurse home visitation to serve low-income, first-time mothers and their children, questions arise about the cost of the program and the economic returns and health benefits of the investment. This brief presents the data necessary to answer those questions. (Author abstract)

Title: State Part C Agency Practices and the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA).
Author(s): Stahmer, Aubyn C.;Sutton, Danielle Thorp.;Fox, Lise.;Leslie, Laurel K.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Topics in Early Childhood Special Education
v. 28, 2, August 2008, p. 99-108
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Each year nearly 900,000 cases of child abuse and neglect are substantiated in the United States, with the highest rates of maltreatment occurring among infants and toddlers. Children exposed to maltreatment are at increased risk of developmental delay. The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act specifies that children under age 3 with substantiated cases of abuse or neglect must have access to early intervention under Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. This research examines state practices developed by Part C agencies in response to new regulations. Part C agency representatives provided input on referrals, screening, evaluation, services, and tracking methods through a semistructured survey. Results indicate a need for standardized referral processes, increased agency understanding of consent procedures for children in foster care, coordination of routine screenings between child welfare and Part C, cross-agency training, and the development of tracking databases. Specific recommendations are provided. (Author abstract)

Title: Pre-Adoptive Genetic Testing: Is the Current Policy Too Restrictive?
Author(s): Taylor, Patricia G.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Families in Society
v. 89, 3, July-September 2008, p. 348-359
Available from: Families in Society
http://www.familiesinsociety.org
11700 West Lake Park Drive
Milwaukee, WI 53224-3099
Printable version (PDF): http://www.familiesinsociety.org/Show.asp?override=true&docid=3761
Abstract: Developments in genetic technologies have made it possible to test for a variety of genetic disorders in children. The increased availability of genetic testing has put pressure on adoption agencies to provide genetic testing of pre-adoptive children. This paper examines the current policy on preadoptive genetic testing of children and proposed changes in the policy raised by key policy makers on medical genetics. These policy makers call for substantial restrictions on pre-adoptive genetic testing of all children available for adoption and ignore the potential positive outcomes that such testing could make in finding suitable adoptive families for hard-to-place children. It is recommended that pre-adoptive genetic testing be expanded to include children with special needs. (Author abstract) Free registration required to view online article.

Title: African American Children in Foster Care: HHS and Congressional Actions Could Help Reduce Proportion in Care. Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Income Security and Family Support, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives.
Author(s): Brown, Kay.
Published: 2008
Available from: Government Accountability Office
http://www.gao.gov/
441 G St., NW
Washington, DC 20548
Printable version (PDF): http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d081064t.pdf
Abstract: Ms. Brown's remarks focus on the following issues with regard to the proportion of African American children in foster care: (1) The major factors that have been identified as influencing the proportion of African American children entering and remaining in foster care; (2) the strategies that states and localities have implemented that appear promising in addressing African American children's overrepresentation in foster care; and (3) the ways in which key federal child welfare policies may have influenced African American children's representation in foster care. (Author abstract)

Title: Kinship Care for African American Children: Disproportionate and Disadvantageous.
Author(s): Harris, Marian S.;Skyles, Ada.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Family Issues
v. 29, 8, August 2008, p. 1013-1030
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: To highlight the individual and systemic practices that perpetuate the overuse of and reliance on kinship care and instead emphasize family reunification as the permanency plan for African American children in the child welfare system, the authors first discuss how kinship care is affected by federal child welfare policy and provide a historical perspective on how that policy has evolved. They then discuss the number and proportion of African American children entering the child welfare system and receiving kinship foster care, distinguishing between formal and informal kinship care. The conclusion addresses implications for practice and research, including the need to reevaluate child welfare policies, and demonstrates that kinship care is overused and detrimental for African American children. (Author abstract)

Title: "We Have No Rights, We Get No Help": The Legal and Policy Dilemmas Facing Grandparent Caregivers.
Author(s): Letiecq, Bethany L.;Bailey, Sandra J.;Porterfield, Fonda.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Family Issues
v. 29, 8, August 2008, p. 995-1012
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Guided by an ecological perspective on family policy, this qualitative study used family life history interviews to document the legal and policy dilemmas faced by 26 grandparent caregivers residing in Montana. Most grandparents (n = 18) were caring for their grandchildren in informal or private care arrangements. Findings revealed four legal or policy contexts that hindered informal grandparent caregiving, including the lack of a kinship care navigation system, the lack of legal rights, fear of the child welfare system, and disparities between informal and formal kinship care policies. Future policy directions, including expanding subsidized guardianship programs and granting informal grandparent caregivers' legal authority over their grandchildren, are discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in Treatment Foster Care: A Resource Guide (including, Evidence-Based Practice in Child Welfare: An Overview).
Author(s): Romanelli, Lisa Hunter.;LaBarrie, Theressa.;Hackle, Dusty.;Jensen, Peter S.
Published: 2008
Available from: Foster Family-Based Treatment Association
http://www.ffta.org
294 Union Street

Hackensack, NJ 07601
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ffta.org/publications/EBPguideFinalWeb.pdf
Abstract: This Resource Guide offers Treatment Foster Care (TFC) providers with information, references, resources, and tools for implementing Evidence-based Practices (EBPs) in their service settings. It identifies specific models, interventions, and tools that TFC providers can use to deliver effective services to the children, youth, and families in their care. More importantly, the Guide provides "how-to" information to help TFC providers successfully implement desired EBPs in their settings. (Author abstract)

Title: Caseworker Face-to-Face Contact Requirements for Children and Juveniles in Out-of-Home Placement.
Published: 2008
Available from: Wisconsin Department of Children and Families
http://dcf.wisconsin.gov/
201 East Washington Avenue, Second Floor
P.O. Box 8916

Madison, WI 53708-8916
Printable version (PDF): http://dcf.wisconsin.gov/memos/num_memos/DSP/2008/2008-01ATTACH_3.pdf
Abstract: This policy establishes the requirement for caseworkers to have face-to-face contact at least once each and every full calendar month with children and juveniles who are living in an out-of-home placement. Additionally, this policy directs agencies how to document information about the caseworker's face-to-face contact in eWiSACWIS. (Author abstract)

Title: Questions and Answers: Child and Family Services Reviews and the Education Well-Being Outcome.
Published: 2008
Available from: Legal Center for Foster Care and Education
http://www.abanet.org/child/education/home.shtml
American Bar Association, Center on Children and the Law
740 15th Street, NW.
Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://www.abanet.org/child/education/QA_7_CFSR_FINAL.pdf
Abstract: This factsheet discusses the Child and Family Service Reviews as related to foster care and education. (Author abstract)

Title: Criminal Background Checks on Foster and Adoptive Parents.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp
Hunter College School of Social Work
129 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10065
Printable version (PDF): http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/policy-issues/Criminal%20Background%20Checks.pdf
Abstract: This document summarizes information about state policies regarding repeat criminal background checks for foster and adoptive parents. (Author abstract)

Title: From Evolving Discourses to New Practice Approaches in Domestic Violence and Child Protective Services.
Author(s): Friend, Colleen.;Shlonsky, Aron.;Lambert, Liz.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Children and youth services review
v. 30, 6, June 2008, p. 689-698
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: This article examines the evolution of the discourse surrounding domestic violence (DV), explores how that discourse intersects with public child welfare (PCW), and makes some suggestions for improving the quality and consistency of services for families involved in these systems in both the United States and Canada. In particular, the discourse at the intersection of the two systems has focused on whether or not children's exposure to DV is maltreatment and, further, if it warrants placement in foster care. Within the PCW system itself, data seem to point to divisions in worker beliefs over what circumstances necessitate removal of children and what solutions should be pursued in order to achieve permanence. Legislation and courts have spoken to this complex issue. Given the tension and new developments in the field, this article proposes that harm reduction (HR), evidence-based practice (EBP), and differential response (DR) approaches can bring the two systems together in order to better serve families. (Author abstract)

Title: Market-Based Disparities in Foster Care Service Provision.
Author(s): McBeath, Bowen.;Meezan, William.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Research on Social Work Practice
v. 18, 1, p. 27-41
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Objective: This study examines in-agency and out-of-agency service provision to a sample of 243 foster children and their families. Method: Data come from a longitudinal study of 243 foster children and families served by non-profit agencies that were operating under either a performance-based, managed care purchase-of-service contract or a fee-for-service reimbursement mechanism. Results: Children and families served by agencies with performance-based, managed care contracts receive fewer of three of five types of services than those served by agencies reimbursed through fee-for-service contracts. Conclusions: Results suggest that performance-based, managed care contracting is related to suppressed service provision and may lead to service disparities between foster children and families served under different market environments. (Author abstract)

Title: Entry Into Restrictive Care Settings: Placements of Last Resort?
Author(s): James, Sigrid.;Landsverk, John.;Leslie, Laurel K.;Slymen, Donald J.;Zhang, Jinjin.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Families in Society
v. 89, 3, July-September 2008, p. 348-359
Available from: Families in Society
http://www.familiesinsociety.org
11700 West Lake Park Drive
Milwaukee, WI 53224-3099
Printable version (PDF): http://www.familiesinsociety.org/Show.asp?override=true&docid=3760
Abstract: This study examines the relative risk of first entry into restrictive care settings (RCSs) such as group homes, residential treatment, or inpatient psychiatric care for a cohort of children (N = 570) in out-of-home care, and determines reasons and determinants related to the risk of entering such settings. Findings indicate the cumulative hazard of entering restrictive settings is highest during the first 2 to 3 months following entry into care. Behavior-related placement disruptions, behavior problems, and older age are the primary determinants of this finding. Although the majority of children entered an RCS for behavior-related reasons, close to one third entered an RCS because of reasons unrelated to behavior. Implications for service delivery to children in out-of-home care are discussed. (Author abstract) Free registration required to view online article.

Title: Texas: 2020 Data Brief.
Published: 2008
Available from: Casey Family Programs
http://www.casey.org
1300 Dexter Avenue North, Floor 3

Seattle, WA 98109-3542
Printable version (PDF): http://www.casey.org/NR/rdonlyres/1A3D4787-3EF1-44F4-97B5-5F169BF15733/714/TX_brief2.pdf
Abstract: Casey Family Programs' 2020 Data Briefs highlight positive, long-term trends associated with each state's progress towards achieving the goals Casey Family Programs has articulated as a part of its 2020 Strategy. This brief showcases Texas and the data associated with a reduction in the number of children in out-of-home care.

Title: Evidence-Based Programs to Prevent Children From Entering and Remaining in the Child Welfare System: Benefits and Costs for Washington.
Author(s): Lee, Stephanie.;Aos, Steve.;Miller, Marna.
Published: 2008
Available from: Washington State Institute for Public Policy
http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/
110 Fifth Avenue SE, Suite 214
P.O. Box 40999
Olympia, WA 98504-0999
Printable version (PDF): http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/rptfiles/08-07-3901.pdf
Abstract: The Washington State Institute for Public Policy was directed by the 2007 Washington Legislature to estimate whether evidence-based programs and policies can "reduce the likelihood of children entering and remaining in the child welfare system, including both prevention and intervention programs." In this report, we study three basic questions. Is there credible evidence that specific programs work to improve these outcomes? If so, do benefits outweigh program costs? Finally, what would be the total net gain to Washington if these evidence-based programs were implemented more widely? Methods: We conducted a systematic review of all research evidence we could locate to identify what works to improve child welfare outcomes. We found and analyzed 74 rigorous comparison group evaluations of programs and policies, most of which were conducted in the United States. We then estimated the monetary value of the benefits to Washington if these programs were implemented in the state. We examined factors such as reduced child welfare system expenditures, reduced costs to the victims of child maltreatment, and other longterm outcomes to participants and taxpayers, such as improved educational and labor market performance, and lower criminal activity. Findings: 1) Some evidence-based programs work, some do not. We reviewed credible research evidence and found a number of specific programs and policies that can produce statistically significant improvements in key child welfare outcomes. 2) The economics look attractive. Among the successful programs, we found several that can generate long-term monetary benefits well in excess of program costs. 3) The potential for Washington appears significant. We estimated the statewide benefits of implementing an expanded portfolio of evidence-based programs. We found that after five years of implementing such a strategy, Washington would receive long-term net benefits between $317 and $493 million (of which $6 million to $62 million would be net taxpayer benefits). (Author abstract)

Title: Racial Disproportionality in Washington State's Child Welfare System.
Author(s): Miller, Marna.
Published: 2008
Available from: Washington State Institute for Public Policy
http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/
110 Fifth Avenue SE, Suite 214
P.O. Box 40999
Olympia, WA 98504-0999
Printable version (PDF): http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/rptfiles/08-06-3901.pdf
Abstract: Across the country, children of color are present in the child welfare system at rates greater than their proportions in the population. This over-representation is referred to as racial disproportionality. In Washington State, a 2004 study of the child welfare system in King County found that American Indian (Indian) and Black children were overrepresented at all points in the system. The 2007 Legislature created the Racial Disproportionality Advisory Committee to study disproportion in Washington's child welfare system and, if disproportionality is found, to identify those decision points where disproportionality occurs. The legislation also directed the Washington State Institute for Public Policy (Institute) to provide technical assistance to the Committee. By June 2008, the Committee must prepare a report for the Secretary of the Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS) on the prevalence of disproportionality. After describing our data sources, definitions, and approach in Section I, we present descriptive statistics on racial disproportionality and factors related to child welfare outcomes (Section II). Last, we provide results of regression analyses that control for multiple factors simultaneously to see the combined effects on disproportionality (Section III). (Author abstract)

Title: Prioritizing Cultural Competence in the Implementation of an Evidence-Based Practice Model.
Author(s): Bridge, Tana J.;Massie, Enos Greer.;Mills, Crystal S.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Children and Youth Services Review
v. 30, 10, October 2008, p. 1111-1118
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: Inherent in implementing an evidence-based practice model are challenges related to maintaining the integrity of the model while ensuring cultural responsiveness. Certainly cultural appropriateness is recognized as critical in the selection and use of evidence-based models, however due to external pressures, many agencies are implementing evidence-based practices without careful consideration of cultural and community nuances. This paper provides an overview of the approach taken by an evaluation team and partner agency in modifying an evidence-based practice model to create congruence with culture of the consumer. The setting for this study was a large, primarily African American, urban area. (Author abstract)

Title: 209: Integrating Concurrent Planning into Child Welfare.
Author(s): Fisher, June.
Published: 2008
Available from: Pennsylvania Child Welfare Training Program
http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu
University of Pittsburgh, School of Social Work
403 East Winding Hill Road
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
Document available online at: http://www.pacwcbt.pitt.edu/Curriculum/209IntegratingConcurrentPlanningIntoCW.html
Abstract: Concurrent Planning is an important method in providing permanency to children who are in out-of-home care. This workshop provides child welfare professionals with an understanding of what is concurrent planning and the benefits and challenges of concurrent planning. It introduces the elements of concurrent planning and assists the child welfare worker in learning new ways to approach service planning and delivery at every stage of a child's placement. Strategies for overcoming challenges are discussed. The components of the Three Stage Casework Process and the Full Disclosure Interview which lead to successful concurrent planning are explained. The importance of developing a case plan, conducting case reviews, and performing case management tasks based on the needs of the child and youth is emphasized to guide a Child Welfare Professional's decision making and to increase permanency options. This training is intended for all caseworkers, supervisors, and administrators who provide direct services to families and/or develop policy that guides casework practice and allocation of resources. (Author abstract)

Title: Making and Breaking Family Life: Adoption, the State and Human Rights. (Chapter 2 in Children, Family Responsibilities, and the State.)
Author(s): Harris-Short, Sonia.
Published: 2008
Available from: Wiley-Blackwell
www.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: This article explores the extent to which the State's duties and responsibilities in the context of adoption are framed and reinforced by a rights-based discourse. It argues that while the human rights paradigm plays an invaluable role in the pre-adoption process by identifying and imposing more exacting obligations on the State, the application of a rights-based discourse proves more problematic in the post-adoption context. 108 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Beyond Ideology, Politics, and Guesswork: The Case for Evidence-Based Policy.
Author(s): Dunworth, Terry.;Hannaway, Jane.;Holahan, John.;Turner, Margery Austin.
Published: 2008
Available from: Urban Institute
http://www.urban.org
2100 M Street, NW
Washington, DC 20037
Printable version (PDF): http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901189_evidencebased.pdf
Abstract: This brief makes the case that good data analysis can answer a fundamental question: Will proposed policies work? Evidence-based policy is a rigorous approach that draws on careful data collection, experimentation, and quantitative and qualitative analysis to determine what the problem is, which ways it can be addressed, and the probable effect of each of these ways. Examples of how evidence informs good policy and lack of evidence can invite bad policy include health insurance coverage, welfare reform, sentencing policy, and redress for housing discrimination. (Author abstract)

Title: Data on Children in Foster Care from the Census Bureau.
Author(s): O'Hare, William P.
Published: 2008
Available from: Annie E Casey Foundation
http://www.aecf.org/
701 St. Paul St.
Baltimore, MD 21202
Printable version (PDF): http://www.aecf.org/~/media/PublicationFiles/FosterChildrenJuly2508.pdf
Abstract: This paper provides the first systematic examination of data regarding children in foster care collected by the U.S. Census Bureau. The first part of the paper discusses quality and usefulness of the data on foster children derived from the Census Bureau's Decennial Census and American Community Survey (ACS). The second part of the paper uses the 2006 ACS to provide data on the characteristics of non-kinship family foster care households compared to all households with children. Overall, comparisons based on Census Bureau data show that households with foster children are disadvantaged compared to all households with children. (Author abstract)

Title: What Parents Value from Formal Support Services in the Context of Identified Child Abuse.
Author(s): Hardy, Fotina.;Darlington, Yvonne.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child and Family Social Work
v. 13, 3, August 2008, p. 252-261
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: Parents whose children are identified as having experienced or being at risk of experiencing significant harm potentially provide an invaluable dimension to our understanding of the circumstances that result in child abuse or neglect and how best to respond to these invariably complex situations. This paper reports findings from a study of the experiences of six parents.In-depth interviews were conducted with four mothers and two fathers who had been referred to an intensive family support service by the Queensland statutory child protection authority. Using a critical ecological perspective, the study focused on identifying and understanding the experiences of the parents in using formal family support services, including aspects of service delivery that were helpful or unhelpful. Parents also commented on their experiences of statutory child protection services.Service components and worker qualities that parents identified as being helpful included being accessible, targeted and integrated and being able to meet a continuum of needs, from a micro to a broader level. Their reports provide invaluable insight into how formal family support services, including child protection services, can better meet the needs of parents in addressing the recurring problem of child maltreatment.

Title: State-Level Impact of Mandated Referrals From Child Welfare to Part C Early Intervention.
Author(s): Derrington, Taletha Mae.;Lippitt, John A.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Topics in Early Childhood Special Education
v. 28, 2, August 2008, p. 90-98
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: New federal legislation requires states to develop policies to refer children younger than age 3 with substantiated cases of abuse or neglect to state Early Intervention (EI) systems. This article presents state-by-state estimates of potential referral and enrollment increases for EI. Many states could experience a significant increase in referrals (average 44%) and enrollment (average 22%). For effective implementation, states' EI systems will need to (a) increase EI system capacity, (b) identify additional funding, (c) find ways to successfully engage potentially resistant families, and (d) forge new interagency linkages. The state-by-state estimates provide both an indication of the potential impact in each state as well as goals that would reflect effective implementation of the referral mandate. (Author abstract)

Title: Evaluation Brief on the Status and Activities Related to Florida's IV-E Waiver Demonstration Project: First 18 Months.
Author(s): King-Miller, T.;Armstrong, M.I.;Sowell, C.;Jordan, N.;Sharrock, P.;Vargo, A.
Published: 2008
Available from: Department of Child & Family Studies, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute
http://cfs.fmhi.usf.edu/
13301 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MHC 2321
Tampa, FL 33612-3809
Printable version (PDF): http://cfs.fmhi.usf.edu/stateandlocal/pdf/cbcreport08_08.pdf
Abstract: The purpose of the IV-E Waiver evaluation is to determine the effectiveness of expanded child welfare services and supports in improving permanency and safety outcomes for children in or at risk of entering out-of-home placement. This issue brief summarizes findings covering the first 18 months of the IV-E Waiver implementation (October 2006 - March 2008). In response to the IV-E Waiver, Community-Based Care lead agencies report using various creative approaches aimed at producing immediate and long-term benefits. (Author abstract)

Title: How Do High-Risk Youth Use the Internet? Characteristics and Implications for Prevention.
Author(s): Wells, Melissa.;Mitchell, Kimberly J.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Maltreatment
v. 13, 3, August 2008, p. 227-234
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Using data from the Second Youth Internet Safety Survey, a nationally representative telephone survey of 1,500 youth Internet users (ages 10 to 17), this study explores differences in Internet use characteristics between high risk youth and other Internet users. Those youth who engaged in aggressive behavior online and those who used the Internet on a cell phone were about twice as likely to be classified as high risk (having experienced high parent conflict or child maltreatment) as compared to other Internet users. Those youth who talked with known friends online were significantly less likely to be included in the high risk group. Controlling for demographic and Internet use characteristics, youth who received an aggressive sexual solicitation were almost 2.5 times as likely to report experiencing physical abuse, sexual abuse or high parent conflict. Implications for prevention are discussed, including avenues for reaching high risk populations of youth. (Author abstract)

Title: The Climate of Child Welfare Employee Retention.
Author(s): Cahalane, Helen.;Sites, Edward W.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Welfare
v. 87, 1, p. 91-114
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Abstract: This article describes differences in perceptions of the child welfare work environment among Title IV-E educated individuals who remain within public child welfare and those who sought employment elsewhere after fulfilling a legal work commitment. Job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, and personal accomplishment were predictive of staying versus leaving. The empirical evidence suggests that efforts to retain highly skilled and educated public child welfare workers should focus on creating positive organizational climates within agencies. (Author abstract)

Title: Report from the Wingspread Conference on Domestic Violence and Family Courts.
Author(s): Steegh, Nancy Ver.;Dalton, Clare.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Family Court Review
v. 46, 3, July 2008, p. 454-475
Available from: Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
Abstract: In February 2007 the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges and the Association of Family and Conciliation Courts brought together a working group of thirty-seven experienced practitioners and researchers to identify and explore conceptual and practical tensions that have hampered effective work with families in which domestic violence has been identified or alleged. Five central sets of issues were raised at the conference and are discussed in this report. These include the following: differentiation among families experiencing domestic violence, screening and triage, participation by families in varies processes and services, appropriate outcomes for children, and family court roles and resources. The report empahasizes the need for continued multidisciplinary collaboration in order to better serve families affected by domestic violence and it includes an appendix of consensus points as well as suggestions for formation of ongoing work groups. (Author abstract)

Title: Bridging the Divide Between Child Welfare and Domestic Violence Services: Deconstructing the Change Process.
Author(s): Moles, Kerry.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Children and youth services review
v. 30, 6, June 2008, p. 674-688
Available from: Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/
Customer Service Department
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887-4800
Abstract: In spite of the long and well-documented history of tension between the domestic violence and child welfare systems in the United States, a number of communities have developed effective collaborations between the two in order to better meet the needs of families involved with both. After setting the historical context for the tensions between providers of child welfare and domestic violence services, the changing relationship betwen the two systems is examined from the perspective of professionals in both fields in one large urban community, New York City. Recommendations are made for continued. Communities seeking to improve their own response to the co-occurrence of domestic violence and child maltreatment may be able to gain from developing a broader understanding of the challenges and successes of the change process in a community which has struggled to improve collaboration. (Author abstract)

Title: Adoption Support and the Negotiation of Ambivalence in Family Policy and Children's Services.(Chapter 1 in Children, Family Responsibilities, and the State.)
Author(s): Luckock, Barry.
Published: 2008
Available from: Wiley-Blackwell
www.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: In this article, ambivalent commitments to parenting and family life by the New Labour government are explored by reference to the example of adoption support. Developments in adoption illuminate contrasting expectations in family policy and children's services more generally. Policy and practice tensions are discussed and it is concluded that new spaces are being opened up for the negotiation between parents and professionals about rights and responsibilities in family life and its support. 112 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Policy, Practice, Partnerships: AAICAMA 2007 Annual Meeting, May 6-9 2007, Washington, DC.
Published: 2007
Available from: Association of Administrators of the Intersate Compact on Adoption and Medical Asssistance, Inc.
810 First St. NE, Suite 500
Washington, DC 20002-4267
Abstract: Conference materials are provided for the 2007 annual conference of the Association of Administrators of the Interstate Compact on Adoption and Medical Assistance (AAICAMA) held in Washington, D.C. The conference focused on policy practice partnerships and featured presentations on: building working relationships with the State child welfare director; reciprocity for providing Medicaid to State-funded children moving across State lines; building working relationships with State Medicaid department; social workers and liability; research strategies for findings answers to medical assistance questions; technical assistance findings and their implementation in the States; Medicaid provisions and strategies for ensuring medical assistance is provided to children placed across State lines; the implementation of Medicaid in California and strategies used to provide medical assistance to children placed across State lines; the Deficit Reduction Act of 2006 and its impact on the Interstate Compact on Adoption and Medical Assistance; the key role of the compact administrator; the needs of AAICAMA members; the Child Welfare Information Gateway website; strategies for building a working relationships with a State's child serving partners; addressing interstate data and technology issues; and subsidized guardianship waivers.

Title: Evaluation Brief: Developing a Logic Model.
Published: 2007
Available from: James Bell Associates
http://www.jbassoc.com/
1001 19th Street, North Suite 1500
Arlington, VA 22209
Printable version (PDF): http://www.jbassoc.com/reports/documents/developing%20a%20logic%20model.pdf
Abstract: Nine reasons are discussed for developing a logic model to assist in the evaluation of a program. A chart is then presented of basic components of a logic model that identifies inputs, activities/interventions, outputs, and outcomes. A sample logic model is provided that shows pathways of change and key phases of the evaluation process, as well as a hypothetical logic model for a program to reduce child maltreatment, a multi-level logic model, a chart showing basic components of a data collection plan, and a hypothetical data collection plan for a program to reduce child maltreatment. 1 reference.

Title: Early Intervention for Infants and Toddlers With Disabilities and Their Families: Participants, Services, and Outcomes: Final Report of the National Early Intervention Longitudinal Study (NEILS).
Author(s): Hebbeler, Kathleen.;Spiker, Donna.;Bailey, Don.;Scarborough, Anita.;Mallik, Sangeeta.;Simeonsson, Rune.
Published: 2007
Available from: SRI International
http://www.sri.com
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Printable version (PDF): http://www.sri.com/neils/pdfs/NEILS_Report_02_07_Final2.pdf
Abstract: For more than 20 years, federal law has recognized the importance of providing early intervention (EI) services to infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families. State systems to serve this population have been established and refined since the federal grant program and its accompanying requirements governing EI were created in 1986. Every state provides EI services, although the states differ in regard to a number of dimensions, including the lead agency that administers the program, the constellation and organization of local programs that provide services, and how services are funded. This National Early Intervention Longitudinal Study (NEILS) report presents the key findings from a national longitudinal study that followed children who were identified when younger than 3 years of age as meeting their state's eligibility criteria for EI and whose families were subsequently provided with those services. NEILS is the first and only national look at important policy issues such as which children and families are being served in EI programs, what services they receive, and what outcomes they experience. This report summarizes some of the key findings from this 10-year study and notes their implications for policy, practice, and additional research. (Author abstract)

Title: Social Work with Lesbian Parent Families: Ecological Perspectives.
Author(s): Mercier, Lucy R.;Harold, Rena D.;Ryan, Scott.;Whitlock, Courtney.;Wall, Misty L.;Jones, Barbara L.;Voss, Tanya M.;Anderson, Sandra C.;Holliday, Mindy.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services
v. 19, 2, 2007, p. 1-100
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This journal issue explores and describes a variety of social systems with which lesbian parent families interact, with a focus on implications for improved, diversity-affirming service delivery and policy. The first article shares findings from a cross-sectional study of 96 lesbian adoptive parents that found their overall experiences were positive. Practice considerations are suggested for adoption professionals and other lesbians seeking adoption. The following article discusses a study of 21 lesbian parents that found 70% were satisfied with their employment situations and characterized the relationships between their households and the workplace as positive. The case of Goodridge vs. Department of Public Health, in which the Supreme Court of Massachusetts granted same sex couples the right to legally recognized marriage within Massachusetts, is discussed and a new model for analyzing judicial decisions is proposed that includes a value critical approach. The fourth article discusses the impact of lesbian mothers' activism on legislation and personal well-being. A case study of one community where lesbian mothers formed a local coalition in response to a statewide proposition to ban same-sex marriage in Texas is described. The final article reports on the prevalence of heterosexism and homophobia among mental health practitioners. Results indicate that of the 25 practitioners in the study, 48% knew personally of incidences of professional bias against lesbian clients. Of the 98 lesbian families who participated in the study, only 26% reported heterosexual bias from their providers. Numerous references.

Title: Concepts in Creating Culturally Responsive Services for Supervised Visitation Centers.
Author(s): Williams, Oliver J.
Published: 2007
Available from: Institute on Domestic Violence in the African American Community (IDVAAC)
http://www.dvinstitute.org/
University of Minnesota, School of Social Work
290 Peters Hall, 1404 Gortner Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55108-6142
Printable version (PDF): http://www.dvinstitute.org/current/pdfs/SuperVisitBook.pdf
Abstract: The purpose of this report is to assist Office of Violence Against Women Supervised Visitation Center (SVC's) and Safe Exchange program grantees in examining how they serve culturally diverse populations. This report provides the following information: 1) identify critical questions for organizational self-assessment; 2) provide a rationale for the use of cultural responsiveness; 3) offer an overview of how cultural competence and responsiveness can be defined; 4) summarize key concepts of culturally responsiveness service delivery in visitation centers provided by culturally diverse clients, supervised visitation center (SVC) practitioners, and other stakeholders; 5) report on the perspective of SVC supervisors and directors concerning their training needs related to cultural responsiveness; and 6) provide recommendations for enriching the SVC as it relates to diversity. (Author abstract)

Title: How Heterosexism Plagues Practitioners in Services for Lesbians and Their Families: An Exploratory Study.
Author(s): Anderson, Sandra C.;Holliday, Mindy
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services
v. 19, 2, 2007, p. 81-100
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Barriers to services for lesbians and their families have been well documented in the literature (DeCrescenzo, 1984; Harris, Schatz, & O'Hanlan, 1994; Nightengale, & Owen, 1995; Mallon, 1998), especially among medical professionals and social service providers. This study seeks to explore the prevalence of heterosexism and homophobia among mental health practitioners who identify as qualified providers for lesbians and the recipients' perspectives regarding the services they have received. Of the twenty-five practitioners who responded, 48% of them knew personally of incidences of professional bias against lesbian clients. Interestingly, only 26% of the 98 families reported heterosexual bias from their providers. (Author abstract)

Title: Evaluation Brief: Nine Strategies for Improving the Quality of Your Evaluation.
Published: 2007
Available from: James Bell Associates
http://www.jbassoc.com/
1001 19th Street, North Suite 1500
Arlington, VA 22209
Abstract: Strategies for improving the quality of an evaluation are discussed and include: use a logic model to structure the components addressed in the semiannual reports; ensure the logic model reflects plausible linkages and includes outcomes that can be operationalized; have the grantee and evaluator work together as a team; include a comparison group or data; establish a working agreement with the evaluator that is specific; secure plans for accessing child welfare data as soon as possible; change an evaluation approach is it is not working; and consider submitting a draft of the final evaluation report before the grant ends. 1 reference.

Title: Evaluation Brief: Locating and Hiring an Evaluator for Your Grant.
Published: 2007
Available from: James Bell Associates
http://www.jbassoc.com/
1001 19th Street, North Suite 1500
Arlington, VA 22209
Abstract: This brief discusses the role of an evaluator for a grant project, options for hiring different types of evaluators, and key issues to consider when making decisions about an evaluation. Suggestions for finding an evaluator are provided and include clearly specifying the tasks to be performed, using National Resource Centers to find local evaluators, or if funds are very limited, considering qualified graduate students. 1 reference.

Title: The Leadership Challenge, 4th Edition.
Author(s): Kouzes, James M.;Posner, Barry Z.
Published: 2007
Available from: Jossey Bass
http://www.josseybass.com
989 Market Street
San Francisco, CA 94103-1741
Abstract: This book is designed to help managers and individual contributors in furthering their abilities to lead others to get extraordinary things done. Chapter 1 describes the five practices of exemplary leadership: model the way, inspire a shared vision, challenge the process, enable others to act, and encourage the heart. Chapter 2 shares research results on the characteristics of admired leaders and focuses on four attributes that have been selected by the majority of respondents since the early 1980s: honest, forward-looking, inspiring, and competent. In chapters 3-12, the five practices of exemplary leadership are explored in depth. Each of the chapters describes one of the essential behaviors that leaders employ to get things done and explains the fundamental principles that support the leadership practices. Evidence from research is offered, along with case examples of individuals and specific recommendations on what leaders can do to implement each practice and continue their development as a leader. Chapters conclude with suggested steps to take to build specific skills in implementing the practice. The closing chapter calls for everyone to accept personal responsibility to be a role model for leadership. Numerous references.

Title: Foster Collaboration. (Chapter 9 in The Leadership Challenge, 4th Edition.)
Author(s): Kouzes, James M.;Posner, Barry Z.
Published: 2007
Available from: Jossey Bass
http://www.josseybass.com
989 Market Street
San Francisco, CA 94103-1741
Abstract: This chapter explains two key components that leaders must employ to foster collaboration successfully: create a climate of trust and facilitate relationships. Leaders are urged to be the first to trust, be open to influence, share information and resources, develop cooperative goals and roles, support norms of reciprocity, structure projects to promote joint effort, support face-to-face interactions, show trust to build trust, ask questions and take advice, and get people interacting. Case examples are provided. 23 references.

Title: A Leader's Framework for Decision Making.
Author(s): Snowden, David J.;Boone, Mary E.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Harvard Business Review
v. 85, 11, November 2007,
Available from: Harvard Business School Press
http://hbr.harvardbusiness.org/
60 Harvard Way
Boston, MA 02163
Abstract: Many executives are surprised when previously successful leadership approaches fail in new situations, but different contexts call for different kinds of responses. Before addressing a situation, leaders need to recognize which context governs it--and tailor their actions accordingly.

Snowden and Boone have formed a new perspective on leadership and decision making that's based on complexity science. The result is the Cynefin framework, which helps executives sort issues into five contexts. Simple contexts are characterized by stability and cause-and-effect relationships that are clear to everyone. Often, the right answer is self-evident. In this realm of "known knowns," leaders must first assess the facts of a situation--that is, "sense" it--then categorize and respond to it. Complicated contexts may contain multiple right answers, and though there is a clear relationship between cause and effect, not everyone can see it. This is the realm of "known unknowns." Here, leaders must sense, analyze, and respond. In a complex context, right answers can't be ferreted out at all; rather, instructive patterns emerge if the leader conducts experiments that can safely fail. This is the realm of "unknown unknowns," where much of contemporary business operates. Leaders in this context need to probe first, then sense, and then respond. In a chaotic context, searching for right answers is pointless. The relationships between cause and effect are impossible to determine because they shift constantly and no manageable patterns exist. This is the realm of unknowables (the events of September 11, 2001, fall into this category). In this domain, a leader must first act to establish order, sense where stability is present, and then work to transform the situation from chaos to complexity. The fifth context, disorder, applies when it is unclear which of the other four contexts is predominant. The way out is to break the situation into its constituent parts and assign each to one of the other four realms. Leaders can then make decisions and intervene in contextually appropriate ways. (Author abstract)

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Title: Adult Services Plan: Serving 18-25 Year-Olds: Best Practices.
Published: 2007
Available from: California Health and Human Services Agency (CHHS)
http://www.chhs.ca.gov/
1600 Ninth Street, Room 460
Sacramento, CA 95814
Printable version (PDF): http://www.chhs.ca.gov/initiatives/CAChildWelfareCouncil/Documents/AdultServicesPlan.pdf
Abstract: This document represents the work of the Chief Probation Officers of California, Adult Services Committee and is part of an extensive action plan developed by the Committee. While there has been a great deal of focus on juvenile offenders in recent years that has resulted in expanded service delivery and improved outcomes with youth on probation across the state, more attention is warranted to address the very real needs of 18-25 year old offenders who lack the maturity and life experience of other, older probationers. Additionally, young adult offenders face many of the same barriers as their juvenile counterparts and yet often do not have the same level of support in their efforts to complete their grant of probation successfully. This briefing paper offers a strategic approach based on evidence-based practices. (Author abstract)

Title: Becoming Parents: Lesbians Mothers' Adoption Experience.
Author(s): Ryan, Scott.;Whitlock, Courtney.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services
v. 19, 2, 2007, p. 1-23
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Ninety-six lesbian adoptive parents were part of a crosssectional study to explore their adoption experiences, specifically focusing on their sources of consultation/information and possible bias, adoption timeframes and costs, and their satisfaction with the adoption experience.Questions within each of these domains were tested for significant differences across international, private domestic and child welfare adoption venues. While their overall experiences were positive, several key significant findings are discussed, with practice considerations suggested for adoption professionals and other lesbians seeking adoption. Lastly, a call for future research is made to further our understanding of lesbian mothers' transition to adoptive parenthood. (Author abstract)

Title: The Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership. (Chapter 1 in The Leadership Challenge, 4th Edition.)
Author(s): Kouzes, James M.;Posner, Barry Z.
Published: 2007
Available from: Jossey Bass
http://www.josseybass.com
989 Market Street
San Francisco, CA 94103-1741
Abstract: This chapter explains that leadership opportunities are everywhere and describes the following five practices of exemplary leadership: model the way, inspire a shared vision, challenge the process, enable others to act, and encourage the heart. It then discusses how leadership is a relationship between those who aspire to lead and those who choose to follow. Case examples of successful leaders are included. 5 references.

Title: Effects of Coordinated Services for Drug-Abusing Women Who Are Victims of Intimate Partner Violence.
Author(s): Bennett, Larry.;O'Brien, Patricia.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Violence Against Women
v. 13, 4, p. 395-411
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: This article summarizes outcomes from a demonstration project on collaboration between substance abuse and domestic violence agencies. Researchers recruited women seeking services for substance abuse or intimate partner violence at 1 of 6 participating agencies. Admitted women were both victims of domestic violence and abusing alcohol or drugs. Following an initial screening, participants were interviewed at program entry (n = 255) and again 4 to 6 months later (n = 128, 50%). Key outcomes were the number of days substances were used in the past 30 days, women's perceptions of harm from battering, and domestic violence self-efficacy. Results suggest participants used substances less frequently and experienced themselves as more efficacious following services, but they were also more fearful of the consequences of domestic violence. Repeated-measures MANOVA found that substance abuse days and domestic violence self-efficacy significantly contributed to the multivariate function. Implications for services for women with co-occurring substance abuse and domestic violence victimization are discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Evaluation Brief: What's the Difference? Understanding Process and Outcome Evaluation.
Published: 2007
Available from: James Bell Associates
http://www.jbassoc.com/
1001 19th Street, North Suite 1500
Arlington, VA 22209
Abstract: Six steps for conducting both process and outcome evaluations in a systematic way are explained. Components of a process evaluation are then described, as well as indicators of program process, service outputs, and process outcomes. An outcome evaluation is also defined and examples of outcome measures and outcome evaluation designs are discussed. A flowchart illustrates process and outcome evaluations in the key phases of the evaluation process. 2 references.

Title: Meaning of the Family-Cap Policy for Poor Women: Contraceptive and Fertility Decision-Making.
Author(s): Romero, Diana.;Fortune-Greeley, Hanna.;Verea, Jorge Luis.;Salas-Lopez, Debbie.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: Social work in public health
v. 23, 1, 2007, p. 165-182
Abstract: In 1996 the US Congress enacted welfare reform legislation. In addition to new lifetime time limits and work requirements for those receiving cash and other forms of social assistance, the states could impose policies pertaining to reproductive-related behaviors of poor women. One such policy is the so-called "family-cap," which denies additional income support to poor women who have a baby while receiving cash assistance; 24 states have implemented such policies. The ostensible goal of the policy is to limit fertility among current cash assistance recipients. This pilot study sought to explore whether poor women in a family-cap state (NJ) base their reproductive decisions on welfare policies and/or economic factors. We conducted combined quantitative and qualitative interviewswith 32 current and former welfare recipients in both urban and rural sections of the state. The main questions were whether women knew about the family-cap policy, if it influenced their reproductive decision-making, and, if so, in what direction? We found that most women were not aware of the policy and did not view it as relevant to their reproductiverelated decisions. These findings raise the issue as to whether the family-cap is working as policymakers intended, and support further examination of the consequences of potentially increased economic hardship on already-poor families. (Author abstract)

Title: Orphaning the Children of Welfare: "Crack Babies," Race, and Adoption Reform. (Chapter 9 in Outsiders Within: Writing on Transracial Adoption.)
Author(s): Briggs, Laura.
Published: 2006
Available from: South End Press
http://www.southendpress.org/
7 Brookline Street #1
Cambridge, MA 02139-4146
Abstract: This chapter explores the deep-rooted societal belief that impoverished families are toxic to their children that has resulted in the removal of children from impoverished families. It discusses the impact of the concept of a culture of poverty, the mythical crack baby, and welfare reform and adoption reform on the rise of impoverished children in foster care. 46 references.

Title: School as a Safety Net: Connecting Displaced Children With Educational and Support Services: A Handbook for Relief Agency Staff and Volunteers.
Published: 2006
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Printable version (PDF): http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/dis_hb/school_safety_net.pdf
Abstract: Intended for relief agency staff and volunteers, this federally funded handbook emphasizes the role of school and education in the healing of children and youth whose lives have been disrupted by disasters and explains requirements for educational services under the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act. It begins by describing how schools complement relief efforts, defining homelessness, and reviewing the basic requirements for immediate school enrollment of homeless children and youth under the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act. Information is then provided on: the role of the local liaison, the enrollment process, immunizations, transportation to the school of origin, enrollment of unaccompanied youth, enrollment in public preschool programs, and special education services. Strategies relief agency workers can use to collaborate with schools are shared and a support services checklist is provided.

Title: Outsiders Within: Writing on Transracial Adoption.
Author(s): Trenka, Jane Jeong.;Oparah, Julia Chinyere.;Shin, Sun Yung.
Published: 2006
Available from: South End Press
http://www.southendpress.org/
7 Brookline Street #1
Cambridge, MA 02139-4146
Abstract: This anthology includes essays, poems, and writings from transracially adopted writers and artists from around the world that explore the experience of interracial adoption. It begins with a discussion on the paucity of information from interracially adoptees on their experiences, and the debate over the ramifications of interracial adoption. Writings are then organized into six parts. In Part 1, transracial adoptees share their struggles to come to a sense of belonging and identity despite the racism and cultural dislocation they have experienced. Part 2 considers ways in which current social and economic policies fuel transracial adoption and includes critiques of the systemic racial inequality in the child welfare and criminal justice system, exploration of the international adoption industry, and discussion on the complicity of the international adoption industry in providing a market for trafficked children. Part 3 explores the colonial roots of transracial adoption, and Part 4 includes writings on the pain of loss and unbelonging felt by many transracial adoptees. The following part includes essays on journeys home, reunions, and building connections with other adoptees. The book closes with essays on the emergence of a transnational movement of transracial adoptees who have come together to heal and to speak out. Numerous references.

Title: Adoption Myths and Racial Realities in the United States. (Chapter 6 in Outsiders Within: Writing on Transracial Adoption.)
Author(s): Roberts, Dorothy.
Published: 2006
Available from: South End Press
http://www.southendpress.org/
7 Brookline Street #1
Cambridge, MA 02139-4146
Abstract: This chapter focuses on the racial politics that are critical to understanding transracial adoption in the United States, and examines how the racialized U.S. child welfare system creates the conditions under which transracial adoption seems a necessary and even benevolent act. It argues that far from healing the wounds of racism, advocacy for transracial adoption often contributes to the racist ideologies and practices that devalue Black family ties. Racial biases in the child welfare system are discussed, and a just approach to transracial adoption that recognizes the link between the availability of Black children for adoption and systemic inequities is urged. 28 references.

Title: Managing by Objectives. (Chapter 11 in The Concise Handbook of Management: A Practitioner's Approach.)
Author(s): Scott, Jonathan.
Published: 2005
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Strategies are provided for managing organizations through goal-setting. A three-step process is described: create a vision, decide on a mission, and break the mission down into achievable objectives. Procedures for managing by objectives are then explained, and an example is provided. 4 references.

Title: Supervising Staff. (Chapter 10 in Effectively Managing Human Service Organizations. 3rd ed.)
Author(s): Brody, Ralph.
Published: 2005
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: This chapter discusses the challenges managers face in dealing with different supervisory aspects of their jobs and describes the multiple roles of supervisors. Strategies are explained for handling multiple roles, delegating assignments, and applying motivational theories to improve performance. Elements of good supervision are identified and tips are provided for enhancing the supervisory relationship, providing constructive criticism, avoiding supervision mistakes, conveying expectations, and supervising volunteers. Questions for discussion are included. 53 references.

Title: Managing Teams and Work Groups. (Chapter 10 in The Concise Handbook of Management: A Practitioner's Approach.)
Author(s): Scott, Jonathan.
Published: 2005
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This chapter describes different types of teams or workgroups, including cross-functional teams, problem-solving teams, and self-managed teams. The five stages of the development of a functional team are explained, as well as strategies for making groups work and overcoming the obstacles of a team. 5 references.

Title: Parent and Partner Violence in Families With Young Children: Rates, Patterns, and Connections.
Author(s): Slep, Amy M. Smith.;O'Leary, Susan G.
Published: 2005
Journal Name: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
v. 73, 3, June 2005, p. 435-444
Available from: American Psychological Association
http://www.apa.org
750 1st St., NE
Washington, DC 20002
Printable version (PDF): http://www.apa.org/journals/features/ccp733435.pdf
Abstract: In this study, the authors assessed men's and women's partner and parent physical aggression among 453 representatively sampled families with young children. The prevalences of partner aggression and of severe parent aggression were higher than previously reported. Substantial rates of co-occurrence were found. Risk ratios and regression analyses indicated that connections between (a) husbands' and wives' partner aggression and (b) mothers' and fathers' parent aggression were especially strong. Patterns of co-occurrence pointed to the probable relative importance of family-level, in comparison with individual, predictors of aggression. Patterns of co-occurring violence are described in light of the theoretical literature. Implications for studying family violence in community samples are discussed. (Author abstract)

Title: Managing Conflict. (Chapter 8 in The Concise Handbook of Management: A Practitioner's Approach.)
Author(s): Scott, Jonathan.
Published: 2005
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: After identifying common traits of successful businesses, this chapter discuses the value of conflict, major causes of work-related conflict, and strategies for dealing with conflict, stimulating conflict, and battling stress that work and conflict create. An example is provided of how conflict improved a company's business practices. 7 references.

Title: Team Building and Coalition Building. (Chapter 19 in Effectively Managing Human Service Organizations. 3rd ed.)
Author(s): Brody, Ralph.
Published: 2005
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: This chapter explores how managers can work collaboratively with individuals and groups to further the goals of their organization. Specifically, it focuses on building teams and task forces within the agency, and working with collateral organizations. Strategies for creating team spirit, overcoming barriers to winning teams, becoming an effective team leader, and handling conflict are discussed, and interactive team exercises are suggested. Factors facilitating strategic alliances are also described, and questions for discussion are included. 31 references.

Title: Designing and Developing Consumer-Oriented Programs. (Chapter 3 in Effectively Managing Human Service Organizations. 3rd ed.)
Author(s): Brody, Ralph.
Published: 2005
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: This chapter identifies ways to design and develop programs that are both effective and responsive to client needs. It highlights two different perspectives that when combined, provide managers with a conceptual framework for formulating program design: the logic planning model to plan for, achieve, and demonstrate program effectiveness with clients; and the marketing planning model for responding to service consumers' wants and needs. Elements of good design are summarized, and questions for discussion are provided. 20 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Working with a Board of Trustees. (Chapter 20 in Effectively Managing Human Service Organizations. 3rd ed.)
Author(s): Brody, Ralph.
Published: 2005
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: This chapter discusses strategies for achieving a high-level working relationship between an executive director and a board of trustees. The difference between governance and management is described, along with the various roles and responsibilities that a board must fulfill, board structures and processes, and elements of a well-functioning board. Tips for addressing special board issues are included, as well as sample evaluation forms and questions for discussion. 2 figures and 63 references.

Title: Managing in Different Cultures. (Chapter 16 in The Concise Handbook of Management: A Practitioner's Approach.)
Author(s): Scott, Jonathan.
Published: 2005
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This chapter explains what is meant by culture, cultural biases that cause attribution errors, stages of culture shock, and cross-cultural communication problems. Strategies for smoothing the transition to another culture, communicating to others in different cultures, and engaging in active listening are discussed. 11 references.

Title: Managing Change. (Chapter 8 in The Concise Handbook of Management: A Practitioner's Approach.)
Author(s): Scott, Jonathan.
Published: 2005
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This chapter discusses how to manage change in an organization. Strategies are explained for preparing for organizational change and building the commitment to change, as well as reasons why employees are resistance to change. Examples are provided of change management. 2 figures and 6 references.

Title: Seeking Funding. (Chapter 16 in Effectively Managing Human Service Organizations. 3rd ed.)
Author(s): Brody, Ralph.
Published: 2005
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: In addition to discussing the search process involved in seeking foundation grants, this chapter also reviews how human service managers can seek public funding through federal, State, and local grant requests, contracts, and block grants. Information is also provided on lobbying for government funding. A list of questions for discussion is included. 1 figure and 18 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Managing Agency Finances. (Chapter 12 in Effectively Managing Human Service Organizations. 3rd ed.)
Author(s): Brody, Ralph.
Published: 2005
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: The budgeting process for human service organizations is described and budgeting terminology defined. Information is provided on types of income and expenses, preparing an organization-wide budget, developing program or unit budges, relating the unit's budget to its work plan and objectives, and using the budget as a management tool. Fifty considerations for reducing costs are listed and strategies are discusses for achieving long-range financial stability. Questions for discussion are included. 3 tables and 31 references.

Title: Training Exempt Providers to Deliver High-Quality Child Care Programs. (Chapter 5 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Prince, Jonathan.;Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: A case study is offered that describes and analyzes the Exempt Provider Training Project sponsored by the Child Care Coordinating Council in San Mateo County which provides outreach, training, and other forms of assistance to child care professionals who are exempt from licensure. The development of the program is described, as well as the program's operations, successes, challenges, and lessons learned. The experiences of one participant are also shared. 12 references.

Title: Managing Out: The Community Practice Dimensions of Effective Agency Management. (Chapter 24 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This chapter discusses managerial skills in leaders of promising programs and practices emerging out of welfare reform implementation in the San Francisco Bay Area. It describes community practice dimensions of spanning organizational boundaries, major practice components of managing out, and assessment of interorganizational concepts relevant to the process of managing out. A series of questions is provided for agency managers to use in assessing external and internal dimensions of their organizational structures and processes as well as elements of leadership and networking. Challenges facing middle managers and supervisor related to managing out are also identified. 1 table and 32 references.

Title: Overview of Innovative Programs and Practices. (Chapter 2 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Prince, Jonathan.;Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This chapter provides an overview of programs that were identified by agency directors as reflecting the most promising programs and practices emerging out of welfare reform implementation in the San Francisco Bay Area. The cases address the following three areas: new approaches to service delivery, partnering with the community, and social service agency restructuring. 21 references.

Title: Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.
Author(s): Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This book describes promising programs and practices that have emerged in the United States since the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. Chapter 1 captures the early experiences of San Francisco Bay Area county social service directors as they launched the welfare reform implementation process. It features the lessons learned and provides insights into the leadership challenges. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the highlighted case studies as well as a cross-case comparison. The comparison demonstrates how welfare reform policy and funding helped to increase the social capital needed to provide a new safety net for the poor. It also reflects a decrease in the traditional emphasis on job training or human capital development in favor of work first. Chapters 3 through 23 provide detailed descriptions of case studies that feature services, partnerships, and agency restructuring. The topics for the cases were identified by the agency directors as reflecting the most promising programs and practices emerging out of welfare reform implementation in the San Francisco Bay Area. The cases are separated into the following three sections: redefining service delivery, including the removal of barriers to workforce participation and the nature of self-sufficiency support services; enhancing community partnerships, including two approaches to partnerships between and among community-based nonprofit organizations and county social service agencies; and promoting agency restructuring, including approaches to the restructuring of county social service agencies to better serve the community and the TANF population. Each case study includes a literature review and a description of program components, the success and challenges of the program, program evaluation findings, and lessons learned. The final chapter features a discussion of the expanded set of managerial skills displayed by those in the leadership roles in many of the cases. Numerous references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Building a Coalition of Nonprofit Agencies to Collaborate with a County Health and Human Service Agency. (Chapter 17 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Libby, Margaret K.;Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: A case study is offered that highlights the activities of a coalition of nonprofit agencies in Napa County that has come together in an attempt to plan and implement a comprehensive service delivery system to address the needs of Napa residents. Coalition leadership and growth, the coalition's mental health committee, and components of the new system of care are discussed, as well as the Front Porch program that offers a 24-hour integrated one-stop mental health, social, and substance abuse service delivery system. The coalition's operations, successes, challenges, and lessons learned are described. 10 references.

Title: Crossover Services Between Child Welfare and Welfare-to-Work Programs. (Chapter 23 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Prince, Jonathan.;Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This case study examines a pilot project in the Contra Costa County Department of Employment and Human Services that addresses the crossover needs of child welfare and welfare-to-work service participants. The study includes a case vignette, a review of relevant literature, the process of crossover service planning, delivery, and funding, and lessons learned in the process. 1 box, 1 figure, and 7 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Implementing Welfare Reform and Guiding Organizational Change. (Chapter 1 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Carnochan, Jonathan.;Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This chapter captures the early experiences of San Francisco Bay Area county social service directors as they launched the welfare reform implementation process following the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. It discusses major findings related to the directors' description of organizational change and culture, the guiding values that they articulated, and lessons they identified in reflecting on implementing welfare reform. 3 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Neighborhood Self-Sufficiency Centers. (Chapter 14 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Schmidt, Christine M.;Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: A case study is offered that highlights how the Santa Clara County Social Services Agency, along with private industry councils, developed and implemented neighborhood self-sufficiency centers to address the multiple barriers to employment that are faced by CalWORK participants and provide neighborhood-based supportive services. The development of the centers is described, as well as the program's operations, successes, challenges, and lessons learned. 9 references.

Title: Connections Shuttle: Transportation for CalWORKS Participants. (Chapter 3 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Downes, Debbie.;Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: The Santa Cruz County Connections Shuttle is highlighted as a way to transport California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids Program (CalWORKS) welfare-to-work participants to jobs that are far from their homes. The development of the program is described, as well as the program's operations, successes, challenges, and lessons learned. 1 box and 3 references.

Title: The Guaranteed Ride Home Program: Transportation Services for Welfare-to-Work Participants. (Chapter 4 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Schmidt, Christine M.;Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: A case study is offered that describes how the Santa Clara County Social Services Agency collaborated with key organizations throughout the county to design and implement the Guaranteed Ride Home Program to address the transportation needs of its California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids Program (CalWORKS) participants. The development of the program is described, as well as the program's operations, successes, challenges, and lessons learned. 7 references.

Title: Wraparound Services for Homeless TANF Families Recovering From Substance Abuse. (Chapter 16 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Downes, Debbie.;Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: A case study is offered that highlights Pueblo Del Mar (PDM), a transitional housing program located near Monterey, California, that offers wraparound services to homeless families recovering from substance abuse. The social model approach to substance abuse recovery is explained, as well as the development of the program and the program's operations, successes, challenges, and lessons learned. 10 references.

Title: Integrating Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services into a County Welfare to Work Program. (Chapter 6 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Schmidt, Christine M.;Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: A case study is offered that describes the substance abuse and mental health services provided by Sonoma County's welfare-to work program (Sonoma WORKS), and designed to assist CalWORKs recipients in transitioning as rapidly as possible from dependency on public assistance to self-sufficiency through unsubsidized employment. The integration of the mental health and substance abuse service system into the welfare-to-work program is described, as well as the program's operations, successes, challenges, and lessons learned. 1 figure and 13 references.

Title: Collaborative Partnerships Between a Human Services Agency and Local Community Colleges. (Chapter 18 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Deichert, Kirsten A.;Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: A case study is offered that highlights the development of the human services education curriculum through collaborative partnerships between the human service agency and the community colleges in San Mateo County, California. The curriculum program is designed to train human services personnel to provide services for individuals and families in need of temporary social, health, and economic assistance. It reviews the goals and underlying values of the curriculum, the value of the collaboration, successes, challenges, and lessons learned. 1 table and 4 references.

Title: A Community Partnership Approach to Serving the Homeless. (Chapter 15 in Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs.)
Author(s): Libby, Margaret K.;Austin, Michael J.
Published: 2004
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: A case study is offered that highlights the Transitional Residential Alliance and Integrated Network (TRAIN), a successful community-led initiative in Napa County, California, designed to provide transitional housing and case-management services to those in great need. The alliance was an effective partnership between the county health and human service agency and community-based nonprofit organizations. The development of the program is described, as well as the program's operations, successes, challenges, and lessons learned. 14 references.

Title: The Effects of Welfare and Child Support Policies on Union Formation.
Published: 2003
Available from: Center for Research on Child Wellbeing
http://crcw.princeton.edu
Wallace Hall
Princeton University
Princeton, NJ 08544
Printable version (PDF): http://www.fragilefamilies.princeton.edu/briefs/ResearchBrief20.pdf
Abstract: This brief uses new data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine how welfare and child support policies, as well as labor market conditions, affect family formation among unwed couples in urban areas who gave birth in the late 1990s. Baseline data from interviews at the child's birth and data from one-year follow-up interviews with 3,286 couples was used. Thus, union formation decisions subsequent to a nonmarital birth was explored: some parents may choose to marry, while other parents may remain unmarried and live together, remain romantically involved but live apart, or end their relationship. This research adds to the previous literature in this area by analyzing a representative sample of unwed births and by examining union types-especially cohabitation and so-called "visiting" relationships (romantically involved but living apart)-that have received little or no attention in past studies. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Using Medicaid to Support Young Children's Healthy Mental Development.
Author(s): Johnson, Kay.;Kaye, Neva.
Published: 2003
Available from: National Academy for State Health Policy
http://www.nashp.org/
50 Monument Square, Suite 502

Portland, ME 04101
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nashp.org/Files/CW8_Health_Mental_development.pdf
Abstract: This report examines both why and how state Medicaid programs can support children's healthy mental development and includes a discussion of how states can use Medicaid to better support young children's social/emotional development even in the current economic climate. It includes specific strategies Medicaid agencies can use (and have used) to support young children's healthy mental development. (Author abstract)

Title: Assessment, Intervention, and Research With Infants in Out-of-Home Placement.
Author(s): Clyman, Robert B.;Harden, Brenda Jones.;Little, Christina.
Published: 2002
Journal Name: Infant Mental Health Journal
v. 23, 5, September 2002, p. 435-453
Available from: Wiley Interscience.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Abstract: Infants constitute a large and increasing proportion of youth in out-of-home placement. These infants have very high rates of medical illnesses, developmental delays, and substantial risks for psychopathology. They receive varying amounts of services from a complex and poorly integrated service system that includes four principal service sectors: the child welfare, medical, early intervention, and mental health service sectors. These service systems are currently undergoing major changes in their policies, organization, and financing, such as the introduction of managed care into the child welfare system. In this article, we provide an overview of what is known about infants in out-of-home placement. We then summarize approaches to infant mental health assessment and intervention from a comprehensive perspective that addresses the infants' multiple problems and acknowledges that they need to receive services from multiple systems that are undergoing rapid change. We conclude by highlighting a number of critical areas in need of research. (Author abstract)

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