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Community Services - Results (72 Publications)

Title: [Maryland Systems of care] Human Services: Title 8 Children, Youth, and Families: Subtitle 3, Local Management Boards: Md. Ann. Code art. HU, § 8-301 (2008): Current through all acts of the 2008 Reg. Session, Annotated Through July 10, 2008.
Published: 2008
Abstract: Each county shall establish and maintain a local management board to ensure the implementation of a local interagency service delivery system for children, youth, and families.

Title: The Safe Start Initiative: Building and Disseminating Knowledge to Support Children Exposed to Violence.
Author(s): Kracke, Kristen.;Cohen, Elena P.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Emotional Abuse.
v. 8, 1/2, 2008, p. 155-174
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: The Safe Start Initiative promotes community investment in evidence-based strategies for preventing and reducing children's exposure to violence in the home and the community. This article describes the implementation of practice innovation in 26 communities across the United States and provides information on the national research, evaluation, training, and technical assistance, resource development, and broad dissemination components of the initiative. Evaluation of the initiative is expanding the knowledge of the elements needed to implement comprehensive service delivery systems and improve access to, delivery of, and quality of services both for children at high risk of being exposed to violence and for those who have already been exposed. (Author abstract)

Title: Questions and Answers: Mobility Issues and Special Education for Children in Out-of-Home Care.
Published: 2008
Available from: ABA Center on Children and the Law
http://www.abanet.org/child
740 15th Street, NW

Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://www.abanet.org/child/education/Q%20%20A%236%20Mobility%20FINAL.pdf
Abstract: This fact sheet answers questions on providing special education services to children with disabilities in out of home care who change schools. Information is provided on the rights of children who move schools, special education evaluations, special education eligibility, educational records, the school district's obligation to find children who need services, and strategies child advocates can use to help children with disabilities who change schools.

Title: Enhancing the Service Array in Child Welfare: Assessing the Capacity of a Jurisdiction/State to Meet the Individualized Needs of Children and Families; and Creating and Implementing a Resource and Capacity Development Plan: A Description of the Process.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Child Welfare Resource Center for Organizational Improvement.
http://muskie.usm.maine.edu/helpkids/
Muskie School-USM
P.O. Box 15010
400 Congress Street
Portland, ME 04112-5010
Document available online at: http://muskie.usm.maine.edu/helpkids/servicarraydocs/Service%20Array%20-%20May%208,%202008/A%20%20Introduction%20and%20Overview%20Documents/A%202%20080428%20Overview%20of%20SA%20Process.doc
Abstract: This paper describes a process developed by the National Child Welfare Resource Center for Organizational Improvement (NRCOI) and the National Resource Center for Child Welfare Data and Technology (NRCCWDT), to assist jurisdictions as they assess and enhance their capacity at community, regional, and State levels to meet the individualized needs of children, youth, and families. The goals of the service array process are discussed, as well as key components of the process and the implications for stakeholders. Seven steps are then explained for implementing the service array process. The seven steps are: the creation of the State Service Array Steering Committee; the creation of the Community Service Array Steering Committee and the Community Stakeholder Collaborative; the assessment process and writing the Consolidated Assessment Report; the creation of the Resource and Capacity Development Plan; the consolidation of the Resource and Capacity Development Plan; the adoption of the Resource and Capacity Development Plan; and the implementation of the plan and monitoring progress. The paper closes by discussing the creation of regional and State assessments and Resource and Capacity Development Plans and adapting this process to meet the needs of a State, tribe, or jurisdiction. A typical timeline for implementation is also provided.

Title: New Populations in Rural Counties: Implications for Child Welfare. Final Report.
Author(s): Wattenberg, Esther.;Beuch, Ann.
Published: 2008
Available from: Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare
http://ssw.che.umn.edu/cascw/
School of Social Work
205 Peters Hall
1404 Gortner Avenue

St. Paul, MN 55108
Printable version (PDF): http://cehd.umn.edu/SSW/cascw/attributes/PDF/events/NewPopulationsReport.pdf
Abstract: A study explored the variety of ways and the degree to which rural counties discharged their responsibilities to insure the best interests of children in immigrant families in rural counties in Minnesota. Seven rural counties selected for this study were identified from enrollment data provided by the Minnesota Department of Education, in response to the question "What language other than English is spoken at home?" Counties with the highest proportion of languages other than English were taken to represent an influx of immigrant families. Counties included in the study were: Kandiyohi; Nobles; Freeborn; Watonwan; Steele; Otter Tail; and Todd. Sources of data for this project included focus groups in each county with representatives from a broad range of human services; consultations with State, university, community groups and a consultant with Bridging Refugee Youth & Children's Services (BRYCS); and an advisory committee. A literature retrieval provided background information. Findings indicate an unequal treatment of children in immigrant families. The study found citizen status determined to a significant extent the availability of health, financial, and social services. The only group among immigrant families that officially received a warm welcome were refugees, with official government sanction and a State office supported by federal funds to assist them. Caseworkers were frequently unprepared for the complex situations of immigration law, but they cannot use Southern Minnesota Regional Legal Services (SMRLS) for consultation in cases of an undocumented child or parent. The linguistic and cultural factors which inhibit the work of child welfare with children in immigrant families was partially met with an array of cultural liaisons, interpreters, and advocates from ethnic community collaboratives. Recommendations are made for improving the quality of services to immigrant children. 13 references.

Title: Building Bridges: The Case for Sharing Data Between the Court and Child Welfare Systems: White Paper.
Author(s): Drezelo, Paul.;Lepore, Amelia.
Published: 2008
Available from: New York State Unified Court System, Office of Court Administration
http://www.courts.state.ny.us/admin/oca.shtml
25 Beaver Street
New York, NY 10004
Printable version (PDF): http://www.courts.state.ny.us/ip/cwcip/Publications/BuildingBridges-TheCaseForDataShare.pdf
Abstract: This report explains that achieving safety, permanency, well-being, and due process goals in the child welfare system requires the efficient flow of information between and among multiple organizations and professionals, and that significant outcome improvements can be achieved when courts and child welfare agencies develop interoperability between their respective data systems and share data. It describes national activity around the issue of court/agency data sharing, the progress New York State has made in information sharing, the potential benefits for both the court system and the child welfare system, and the opportunities and challenges inherent in moving toward the development of appropriate statewide interoperability of the respective organization's management information systems and expanded sharing of data to support decision making. 7 references.

Title: Grant Projects Focus on Workforce and Recuitment and Retention.
Published: 2008
Available from: Child Welfare Information Gateway
http://www.childwelfare.gov
Children's Bureau/ACYF
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW
Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Abstract: This resource paper discusses the eight projects funded by 5-year Children's Bureau grants, beginning in 2003, for "Developing Models of Effective Child Welfare Staff Recruitment and Retention Training." The paper looks at some of the cluster's early findings, as well as anecdotal evidence for the projects' effectiveness. Early findings are discussed in the areas of the hiring process, improvements in the workplace culture, training, technology optimization, and customized solutions. (Author abstract)

Title: New York City Administration for Children's Services Community Partnership Initiative: Implementation Report.
Author(s): Wulczyn, Fred.;Rosenblum, Randi.;Roy, Amanda Leigh.;Rowe, Matt.
Published: 2008
Available from: New York City Administration for Children's Services
http://www.nyc.gov/html/acs
150 William Street, 18th Floor
New York, NY 10038
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nyc.gov/html/acs/downloads/pdf/CPI_Report.pdf
Abstract: In the fall of 2006, New York City Children's Services (ACS) introduced the Community Partnership Initiative (CPI). CPI is based on the idea that neighborhood-based coalitions comprised of a diverse group of stakeholders can play a positive role in the challenging work of reducing maltreatment and promoting stable, healthy families. Rolled out in three phases throughout 2007, ACS awarded one-year pilot funds to 11 coalitions across New York City: Jamaica, Highbridge and Bedford Stuyvesant (Phase I); East Harlem and Lower East Side (Phase II); and Soundview, Staten Island, Mott Haven, East New York, Bushwick, and Elmhurst (Phase III). In 2009, the CPI will be expanded to include all communities in New York City. The charge to the CPI coalitions during the demonstration year was twofold. First, coalitions were asked to focus on developing community partnerships. In community partnerships, coalition members commit to working collectively toward a set of clearly articulated, mutually shared goals. To grow into a community partnership, a coalition needs to create organizational structures that facilitate effective leadership, governance, accountability, and in so doing, foster a spirit of mutual support, trust, and high levels of participation from a broad variety of stakeholders. Second, the coalitions were mandated to address four child welfare tasks: 1) to facilitate interagency referrals between child care, early childhood education, and preventive services; 2) to support case conferences; 3) to recruit and support foster parents residing in the community; and 4) to enhance the quality and quantity of visits between biological parents and their children. It is through these four mandated goals that the CPI coalitions participate in various kinds of child welfare work that impact families directly. In the Spring of 2007, ACS asked the Chapin Hall Center for Children to serve as the independent evaluator of the CPI demonstration. This report describes the work that took place during the period between July 2007 and June 2008, with a focus on the three Phase 1 communities (Highbridge, Bedford Stuyvesant, and Jamaica). The study describes the degree to which the CPI coalitions have begun to resemble community partnerships. We also explore how the coalitions fared in their attempt to address the tasks mandated by ACS, with an emphasis on successes, challenges, and their impact to date on child welfare work. In addition, we examine the additional goals the coalitions are taking on that extend beyond the CPI model. Lastly, we set an eye to the future. We draw on lessons learned throughout the pilot year to think about the longterm sustainability of the CPI coalitions. (Author abstract)

Title: Chart a Course: Policies That Affect Victim Services for Teens.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Center for Victims of Crime
http://www.ncvc.org/
2000 M Street NW, Suite 480
Washington, DC 20036
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ncvc.org/tvp/AGP.Net/Components/DocumentViewer/Download.aspxnz?DocumentID=45239
Abstract: This four-part booklet can guide you in examining your agency's policies for working with teen victims and offer suggestions and best practices. The first two sections will help you respond to initial reports of victimization, while the third offers guidance for providing services to teen victims. The final section gives ideas for conducting outreach to young people and building community partnerships with schools. (Author abstract)

Title: Career Development and Employment Preparation: A Policy Framework for California's Foster Youth.
Published: 2008
Available from: New Ways to Work
http://www.newwaystowork.org/
The Thoreau Center
1016 Lincoln Boulevard
Suite #222
San Francisco, CA 94129
Printable version (PDF): http://www.newwaystowork.org/initiatives/ytat/events/FYCDEPolicyPaper.pdf
Abstract: This report highlights the Foster Youth Career Development and Employment Summit, the first statewide convening of California foster youth, former foster youth, caretakers, community-based organizations, employers and professionals from child welfare, workforce development, education, and probation. The summit is designed to address the critical issues relating to employment and career development for the nearly 85,000 young people in foster care in California. Statistics on foster youth in California are shared, followed by summit policy papers that address four key focus areas, identified as critical to ensuring that foster youth are better prepared to become successful and contributing adults: prioritize career development and employment for every foster youth; systematically connect foster youth to education and workforce development programs; support emancipating and emancipated youth in their transition to adulthood; and provide work experience and job opportunities that lead to economic success. Each policy paper outlines the issues, goals, current situation, opportunities for change, suggested solutions, examples of innovation at the local level, and specific policy recommendations at the legislative, regulatory, and local practice levels. 17 references.

Title: Mental Health Service Use among Youths Aged 12 to 17: 2005 and 2006.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: NSDUH Report (National Survey on Drug Use and Health)
September 25, 2008,
Available from: National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information
http://ncadi.samhsa.gov/
P.O. Box 2345
Rockville, MD 20847-2345
Printable version (PDF): http://download.ncadi.samhsa.gov/Prevline/pdfs/NSDUH08-0925/MHS_Use_Aged12-17_4p.pdf
Abstract: This report examines data on youth mental health service utilization from the 2005 and 2006 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), applying the categories for specialty and nonspecialty settings commonly used in the youth mental health services literature. (Author abstract)

Title: [District of Columbia Systems of care] : TITLE 7. Human Health Care and Safety: Subtitle C Mental Health : Chapter 11A Department of Mental Health: Department of Mental Health Establishment Amendment Act of 2001: District of Colombia Code, Annotated : current through Law 17-207 July 18, 2008. D.C. Code § 7-1131.01 (2008).
Published: 2008
Abstract: This chapter may be cited as the "Department of Mental Health Establishment Amendment Act of 2001."

Title: Creating a Youth Master Plan.
Author(s): Andrews, Leon T.
Published: 2008
Available from: National League of Cities
http://www.nlc.org
1301 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Suite 500
Washington, DC 20004
Printable version (PDF): http://www.nlc.org/ASSETS/FE8FC40157954B35AA6BC9C0C450D330/IYEF_Action_Kit_Youth_Master_Planning.pdf
Abstract: This action kit for municipal leaders offers tips and advice for the development of a city-schools youth master plan. By using a master planning process to develop a shared framework and more effectively coordinate services for children and youth, communities can reduce duplication and waste, identify unmet needs, eliminate barriers to services, make better choices in allocating resources among competing priorities, and increase the return on investment for local programs. More than 20 cities across the nation have undergone a youth master planning process. (Author abstract)

Title: Helping Youth Succeed as Adults: The Challenge of Aging Out.
Author(s): Redell, Charles.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: The Connection (National CASA Association)
Spring 2008, p. 5, 7, 9
Available from: National CASA Association
http://www.casaforchildren.org/
100 W. Harrison
North Tower, Suite 500

Seattle, WA 98119
Printable version (PDF): http://www.casanet.org/download/ncasa_publications/0806_connection_0036.pdf
Abstract: This paper discusses the challenges foster youth face as they age out of foster care and strategies that can be used to support youth become independent adults. The need to provide connections for youth is stressed, and the California-based Family Connections program is described. In addition to their advocacy role, CASA volunteers in the Family Connections program are trained to locate close family friends, neighbors and family members with the goal of creating a permanent connection for the youth they serve. The need to prepare youth for the realities of independent living is explained, and resources are listed for supporting older youth in care, preventing teen pregnancy in foster youth, and helping youth pay for college.

Title: Connected by 25: Financing Education Supports for Youth Transitioning out of Foster Care.
Author(s): Flynn-Khan, Margaret.;Bhat, Soumya.
Published: 2008
Available from: Finance Project
http://www.financeproject.org/
1401 New York Avenue, Suite 800
Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://www.financeproject.org/publications/Education_SB.pdf
Abstract: This strategy brief is one of a series of briefs exploring strategies for financing supports and services that help foster youth make successful transitions to adulthood. This brief focuses on educational strategies to support youth and highlights the many ways in which State, local, and community leaders are bringing resources together to support education success for foster youth. It begins with a discussion of the poor educational outcomes of foster youth, factors associated with the low academic achievement of foster youth, and the need to provide secondary education success supports, postsecondary access supports, and postsecondary success supports. The brief then presents the following five financing strategies that can support education success programs and services for youth currently in or transitioning from the foster care system: access child welfare resources; access K-12 and adult education resources; connect with workforce development and technical education resources; access higher education resources; and generate community and private support. For each strategy, the brief highlights relevant funding sources to consider, the range of partners to engage, and considerations for implementation. The brief also includes examples of these strategies in practice.

Title: When Adulthood Must Come Early: The Plight of Youth Aging Out of Foster Care and New Jersey's Efforts to Help Them.
Author(s): Davis, Maia.;Zalkind, Cecilia.;Coogan, Mary.
Published: 2008
Available from: Association for Children of New Jersey
http://www.acnj.org/
35 Halsey Street
Newark, NJ 07102
Printable version (PDF): http://www.acnj.org/main.asp?uri=1003&di=1267
Abstract: This report discusses the number of foster youth that age out of foster care in New Jersey. It notes New Jersey has taken advantage of federal funding to improve services to older foster youth, including extending the foster care age limit from 18 to the 21st birthday, expanding subsidized housing, and launching a scholarship program. The decline in federal funds for aging out youth is then discussed, as well as the challenges that New Jersey faces in providing services to older youth. Recommendations are made for the governor and legislature and the Department of Children and Famlies. 3 references.

Title: Keeping Kids at Home: Family-Centered Treatment at SHIELDS for Families, Inc.
Author(s): Icenhower, Kathryn.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: The Source
v. 18, 1, Fall 2008, p. 13-15
Available from: National Abandoned Infants Assistance Resource Center
http://aia.berkeley.edu
University of California, Berkeley
School of Social Welfare
1950 Addison St., Suite 104
Berkeley, CA 94704
Printable version (PDF): http://aia.berkeley.edu/media/pdf/source_vol18_no1.pdf
Abstract: SHIELDS for Families, Inc. has been providing services to the entire family unit, with specific programs for children ages 0-18, since opening its first substance abuse program, Genesis, in 1990. This unique model allows the entire family unit to enroll in the program and receive services on site. Currently, SHIELDS offers five family-centered programs located in the communities of Compton and Watts in South Los Angeles. Each program provides substance abuse treatment, child development and youth services, case management, and vocational services at the facility. This article highlights the services we have offered children in our child development and youth programs. A description of program services, along with evaluation results of the past five years, is provided for both components. (Author abstract)

Title: Improving School Stability: An Exploratory Study of the Work of the AB 490 Liaisons in California.
Author(s): Shea, Nancy M.;Zetlin, Andrea G.;Weinberg, Lois A.
Published: 2008
Available from: Mental Health Advocacy Services
http://www.mhas-la.org/
3255 Wilshire Blvd. #902
Los Angeles, CA 90010
Printable version (PDF): http://www.mhas-la.org/AB490%20Survey%20Report%206-08.pdf
Abstract: This report begins with a discussion on the negative impact of school mobility on foster children and youth, and California legislation that requires each local education agency to designate a staff person as a foster care education liaison (AB 490 liaisons) to ensure proper placement, transfer of records within two days, and enrollment of foster youth. Findings from a statewide survey of the AB 490 liaisons are then shared. The survey examined the level of implementation of the law since 2004, to better understand the roles and duties that have been assigned to the AB 490 liaisons, and to develop recommendations on what is needed to improve the law and assure its implementation. The sample in this exploratory study consisted of 94 AB 490 liaisons from county offices of education and school districts. Results indicate the role of the AB 490 liaison appears to provide the structure and organization to facilitate at least some collaboration between the child welfare and education systems. Students in foster care have an advocate at the school to help them enroll, see that their records are transferred, and troubleshoot for them when things go awry. The respondents made a number of suggestions to meet the challenges they face as AB 490 liaisons. 8 references.

Title: The Nonprofit Almanac 2008.
Author(s): Blackwood, Amy.;Pollak, Thomas H.;Wing, Kennard.
Published: 2008
Available from: Urban Institute Press
http://www.urban.org/uipress/index.cfm
c/o HFS
P.O. Box 50370
Baltimore, MD 21211-4370
Abstract: America's nonprofit sector continues to grow faster than its business sector or its government. The Nonprofit Almanac 2008 presents data on nonprofits' place in the national economy and trends in wages, employment, private giving, volunteering, and finances. The tables and graphics will give scholars, practitioners, and policymakers the data they need at a glance, while the textual analysis will help them plan for the future. (Author abstract)

Title: Integrating Problem-Solving Court Practices into the Child Support Docket.
Author(s): Rausch, Jim.;Rawlings, Tom.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Juvenile and family justice today
v. 17, 1, Winter 2008, p. 16-18
Available from: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
http://www.ncjfcj.org/
PO Box 8970
Reno, NV 89507
Abstract: This article explores reasons for nonpayment of child support and the value of a problem-solving court model. It highlights courts in Texas and North Carolina that have taken steps to making a difference in the lives of the noncustodial parents who appear in their child support courts and outlines considerations for developing a problem-solving child support court. Components of a problem-solving court are described, as well as the role of judges. 10 references.

Title: Safe Start: Promising Practices from the Evaluation of the Demonstration Project Association for the Study and Development of Community.
Author(s): Hyde, Mary M.;Lamb, Yvette H.;Chavis, David.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Emotional Abuse.
v. 8, 1/2, 2008, p. 175-186
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Several activities were used to evaluate the Safe Start Demonstration Project (2000?2006). Findings from two of the evaluation activities (i.e., process evaluations, promising practices reports) have been combined in this article to discuss systems change strategies implemented to better serve children exposed to violence and the promising practices that supported them. Together, these two evaluation processes yield valuable information for practitioners on how to engage families, systems, and communities to create more responsive systems capable of meeting the needs of children exposed to violence. These findings and examples also provide useful strategies and practices for future efforts focused on children exposed to violence. (Author abstract)

Title: Preparing Our Kids for Education, Work and Life: A Report of the Task Force on Youth Aging Out of DSS Care (including, Vision for Youth Aging Out of Foster Care: The Five Core Resources).
Author(s): Hughes, Della M.;Condron, Brian.;Jackson, Nancy.;Pitchal, Erik.;Garton, Nelli.;Elliott, Sara Plachta.
Published: 2008
Available from: The Boston Foundation
http://www.tbf.org/
75 Arlington Street, 10th Floor

Boston, MA 02116
Printable version (PDF): http://www.tbf.org/uploadedFiles/tbforg/Utility_Navigation/Multimedia_Library/Reports/DSS_Report_0522.pdf
Abstract: This report discusses the findings and recommendations of the Massachusetts Task Force on Youth Aging Out of Department of Social Services (DSS) Care, a task force that engages public, private and nonprofit representatives to ensure that youth aging out of DSS care have lifelong connections with one or more adults, are fully prepared for education, work, and life, and are contributing members of their communities. It begins with a discussion of the challenges youth face when transitioning out of care and then explains Five Core Resources for the healthy development of all youth, especially those who have transitioned from care. The core resources include: ongoing, nurturing relationships with adults and positive relationships with peers; safe and stable places for living, learning, working, and playing; values, skills, opportunities and supports that promote optimal physical and mental health; educational preparation and economic opportunity; and opportunities to make a difference through community service and civic participation. The next section of this report provides some basic demographics for youth transitioning from care (n=812) and a summary of key findings from a survey of youth (n=96) leaving care in Massachusetts. The outcomes data collected in the survey indicates that the youth who age out of DSS are still at considerable risk, particularly for homelessness, significant mental health needs, early pregnancy, physical violence, and unwanted sexual contact. Findings are also shared from in-depth interviews with youth who voluntarily chose to return to DSS programming, and interviews with a variety of stakeholders. Using the Five Core Resources as a lens through which to view policies, programs and resource allocation, recommendations are then made and are designed to serve as a blueprint for action. 42 references.

Title: Building Systems of Care : a Primer for Child Welfare.
Author(s): Pires, Sheila A.;Lazear, Katherine J.;Conlan, Lisa.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Technical Assistance Center for Children's Mental Health
http://gucchd.georgetown.edu/programs/ta_center/index.html
Georgetown University Center for Child and Human Development
Box 571485
Washington, DC 20057
Document available online at: http://muskie.usm.maine.edu/helpkids/systemofcare.htm
Printable version (PDF): http://gucchd.georgetown.edu/files/products_publications/TACenter/primer_childwelfare.pdf
Abstract: This primer is a companion document to Primer Hands On--Child Welfare, a web-based training resource for system builders who are concerned about children, youth, and families involved, or at risk for involvement, with the child welfare system. It is designed to strengthen the capacity of system builders to operate strategically in the work of building systems of care. The first four modules review the history, values, principles, and operational characteristics of systems of care and how these are applied in child welfare; describe and provide examples of effective system-building processes; and discusses cross-cutting, non-negotiable characteristics of systems of care, including family and youth partnership and cultural and linguistic competence. Information is also provided on resonance between system of care and Child Family Service Review outcomes and essential components of family-centered practice. The second set of modules describe the key functions that require structure in systems of care, including: planning, governance, and system management; outreach and engagement, organized pathways to services/supports, screening, assessment, evaluation, and service planning; service array and financing; provider network, natural supports, and purchasing and contracting; service coordination and care management and utilization and quality management; and other important system of care functions. The final section of the primer provides a glossary and a list of websites for useful organizations.

Title: Building Capacity in Child Welfare Systems: Domestic Violence Specialized Positions.
Author(s): Rosewater, Ann.
Published: 2008
Available from: Greenbook Initiative
http://thegreenbook.ncjfcj.org/
National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
Family Violence Department
P.O. Box 8970
Reno, NV 89507
Printable version (PDF): http://www.thegreenbook.info/documents/BuildingCaps.pdf
Abstract: The co-occurrence of child abuse and neglect and domestic violence is discussed and the emergence of the domestic violence specialized positions model is described. Domestic violence specialist jobs are intended to serve as a bridge and a translator across philosophies and procedures, laws and loyalties, individuals and organizations, government responsibilities, and community concerns regarding child welfare and domestic violence. Three primary functions are identified within the model: client support and advocacy, systems change, and batterer's compliance. Each of these functions is explained and the experience of Massachusetts in incorporating expertise about domestic violence into its child welfare agency is shared. The role, responsibilities, and competencies of domestic violence specialists in each of the three functions are listed and information is provided on funding the positions, expectations for the position, confidentiality, and unintended consequences. Appendices include job descriptions.

Title: [Virginia Systems of Care]: Title 37.2. Mental Health, Mental Retardation, and Substance Abuse Services: Subtitle 2. Mental Health, Mental Retardation, and Substance Abuse Services: Chapter 5. Community Services Boards. Annotations Current Through April 1, 2008. Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-500 (2008).
Published: 2008
Abstract: The core of services provided by community services boards within the cities and counties that they serve shall in-clude emergency services and, subject to the availability of funds appropriated for them, case management services. The core of services may include a comprehensive system of inpatient, outpatient, day support, residential, prevention, early intervention, and other appropriate mental health, mental retardation, and substance abuse services necessary to provide individualized services and supports to persons with mental illnesses, mental retardation, or substance abuse.

Title: Guidelines for Implementation of Memorandum of Agreement Between the Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families and the Department of Health and Social Services, Division of Substance Abuse and Mental Health and the Department of Health and Social Services, the Division of Social Services.
Published: 2008
Available from: Delaware Dept. of Services for Children, Youth, and Their Families
http://kids.delaware.gov/
1825 Faulkland Rd.
Wilmington, DE 19805-1195
Printable version (PDF): http://kids.delaware.gov/pdfs/pol_mou_dscyf_GuidelinesMOADscyfDfsDhssDashmhDhssDss.pdf
Abstract: This document provides guidelines for coordinating community based substance abuse services which provide treatment to parents who are currently involved with the child protection system in Delaware. The Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Substance Abuse and Mental Health, Division of Social Services and the Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families, Division of Family Services, have established these guidelines to clarify their Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) and ensure consistent implementation of the MOA. The guidelines were developed collaboratively with input from stakeholders in both the child welfare and substance abuse systems. Guidelines are provided for substance abuse screening, referral and substance abuse assessment, substance abuse treatment, case coordination, and collaborative administration/quality assurance.

Title: Informing Child Welfare Policy and Practice: Using Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining Technology via a Dynamic Web Site.
Author(s): Duncan, Dean F.;Kum, Hye-Chung.;Weigensberg, Elizabeth Caplick.;Flair, Kimberly A.;Stewart, C. Joy.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child Maltreatment
v. 13, 4, November 2008, p. 383-391
Available from: Sage Publications
http://www.sagepub.com
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Abstract: Proper management and implementation of an effective child welfare agency requires the constant use of information about the experiences and outcomes of children involved in the system, emphasizing the need for comprehensive, timely, and accurate data. In the past 20 years, there have been many advances in technology that can maximize the potential of administrative data to promote better evaluation and management in the field of child welfare. Specifically, this article discusses the use of knowledge discovery and data mining (KDD), which makes it possible to create longitudinal data files from administrative data sources, extract valuable knowledge, and make the information available via a user-friendly public Web site. This article demonstrates a successful project in North Carolina where knowledge discovery and data mining technology was used to develop a comprehensive set of child welfare outcomes available through a public Web site to facilitate information sharing of child welfare data to improve policy and practice. (Author abstract)

Title: The Child Welfare Profession's Perception of Residential Care for Children.
Author(s): Owens, Larry W.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Residential treatment for children and youth : the official journal of the American Association of Children's Residential Centers.
v. 25, 1, 2008, p. 17-37
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This research study explored the Child Welfare League of America's (CWLA) perception of residential care for children, as a reflection of the child welfare profession as a whole. A content analysis of CWLA's national conference programs and the journal Child Welfare from 1997 to 2006 found that the profession emphasizes family foster care and community-based services and devotes minimal attention to residential care. The child welfare profession is encouraged to dialogue and more critically examine the role of residential care within the cluster of services for children. (Author abstract)

Title: Relationship Between Dissociative and Medically Unexplained Symptoms in Men and Women Reporting Childhood Sexual Abuse.
Author(s): Gold, Steven N.;Ketchman, Stacey A.;Zucker, Irene.;Cott, Melissa A.;Sellers, Alfred H.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Family Violence.
v. 23, 2, October 2008, p. 569-577
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: The relationship between the dissociative and somatic symptoms in a clinical sample of 216 women and 35 men survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) was examined. Symptom patterns were measured by the Dissociative Experiences Scale, the Somatization Scale of the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the Hypochondriasis, Hysteria, Health Concerns, and Harris?Lingoes Somatic Complaints Scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. Somatization and dissociation were related, but not at a great enough magnitude to suggest that somatic symptoms as a generic category are an integral component of dissociation. With the exception of one of the measures of somatization, the SCL-90-R somatization scale, no significant differences were found between men and women CSA survivors in symptom levels. However, the relationship between somatization and dissociation was stronger in women than in men. The findings of this study should be considered preliminary and interpreted with considerable caution, since the scales used probably are of limited validity. (Author abstract)

Title: Meeting Needs or Protecting Rights: Which Way for Children's Services.
Author(s): Axford, Nick.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: International Journal of Child and Family Welfare
v. 11, 1, p. 48-62
Available from: Uitgeverij Acco
http://www.acco.be/
Brusselsestraat 153
B-3000 Leuven (Belgium)
Abstract: The concepts of need and rights are used regularly as organising principles for thinking about child well-being and children's services in western developed countries. There is a lack of clarity, however, about what they mean, how they are related and the implications of this for provision for vulnerable children. This article sets out definitions of need and rights, discusses what each one adds to the understanding of child well-being and explores the implications of this analysis for children's services. (Author abstract)

Title: Using Restraint: The Legal Context of High-Risk Interventions (Chapter 13 in For Our Own Safety: Examining the Safety of High-Risk Interventions for Children and Young People).
Author(s): Kennedy, Sheila Suess.
Published: 2008
Available from: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
http://www.cwla.org/
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 250
Arlington, VA 22202
Abstract: This chapter discusses the legality of using physical restraints in the context of providing mental health treatment to children. It reviews the medical and psychiatric indications for restraint use, the ethical issues involved in restraining young patients, and legal constraints governing the use of restraints. The applicability of the eighth amendment to physical restraints is considered, and court decisions are shared. Finally, the liability of facilities using physical restraints and failing to use restraints is explored. 49 references.

Title: Clinical Training of MFTs for Adoption, Foster Care, and Child Development Settings: A Comparative Survey of CACREP, COAMFTE, and CSWE Accredited Programs.
Author(s): Weir, Kyle N.;Fife, Stephen T.;Whiting, Jason B.;Blazewick, Alicia.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of family psychotherapy : the official journal of the International Family Therapy Association.
v. 19, 1, 2008, p. 277-290
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Marriage and family therapists (MFTs) are well prepared to work with clinical issues related to adoption, foster care, and child welfare. Yet, it is unclear how many MFTs see these as viable career opportunities, and it is also unclear if typical clinical training includes content in these areas. Surveys were sent to Commission for Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education (COAMFTE), Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP), and Council of Social Work Education (CSWE) clinical training programs to assess levels of training in three content areas: adoption, foster care, and child development. Results indicated that many graduates from COAMFTE accredited programs enter adoption and foster care work settings. Although COAMFTE graduates are well trained in child development, most MFTs, social workers, and counselors lack specific training in adoption and foster care. This study has curricular, funding, and mental health parity implications. (Author abstract)

Title: Effective Teaching and At-Risk/Highly Mobile Students: What Do Award-Winning Teachers Do?: Case Studies of Award-Winning Teachers of At-Risk/Highly Mobile Students.
Author(s): Stronge, James H.;Popp, Patricia A.;Grant, Leslie W.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE
http://www.serve.org/nche
P.O. Box 5367
Greensboro, NC 27435
Document available online at: http://www.serve.org/nche/downloads/eff_teach.pdf
Abstract: This report discusses the activities and findings of a federally funded study that explored best practices and characteristics of successful teachers of at-risk/highly mobile students. The study examined the literature related to effective teaching and at-risk/highly mobile students, identified six teachers who had won national and/or State awards for working with these populations of students, and explored the beliefs and practices of the six teachers. Section 1 of the report provides the context for the study, including background information and an overview of the study. Section 2 includes a review of the literature related to effective teaching and working with at-risk/highly mobile students and provides the framework for the study. The following section describes the methods used for participant selection, a description of each participant included in the study, instruments used in the study, data collection techniques, and data analysis techniques. Section 4 details the results of the research project including data from observations and interviews with the award-winning teachers. A qualitative analysis of the interview data found the teachers focus on student needs while maintaining an academic focus. They have high expectations of students and are committed to ensuring that students had what they needed to succeed. The in-class observation data reflected the teacher beliefs and practices gleaned from the interviews. The teachers maintained high student engagement, used a variety of instructional activities, and focused on a wide range of cognitive levels in the questions asked as well as the instructional activities. Mostly, the instruction was teacher-directed and teachers asked a significant majority of the questions recorded. The final section includes a summary and discussion of the findings from the interviews and the in-class observations. Recommendations are made based on the findings. 11 tables and 3 figures. (Author abstract modified)

Title: The Devil is not in the Details: A Response to Sparks and Duncan's "Do No Harm" Critique of Anti-Depressant Medications for Children and Adolescents.
Author(s): Diamond, Guy.;Rynn, Moira.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of family psychotherapy : the official journal of the International Family Therapy Association.
v. 19, 1, 2008, p. 20-26
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This article responds to a previous one critiquing the increase of anti-depressants prescribed to children and adolescents. It argues that most of the methodological problems identified in pharmacological research could also be applied to individual or family psychotherapy research. It warns that if family therapists adopt an anti-medication stance it could further marginalize them from the mainstream of mental health and, for many disorders, be unethical. 7 references.

Title: Response to Sparks and Duncan's "Do No Harm" Critique of the Use of Stimulant Medications to Treat ADHD in Children and Adolescents.
Author(s): Everett, Craig A.;Toff, Howard D.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of family psychotherapy : the official journal of the International Family Therapy Association.
v. 19, 1, 2008, p. 27-35
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This article responds to a previous one critiquing the increase of stimulants prescribed to children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. It calls into question the reliance on a single clinical trial to support presented findings and the accusation that clinicians are complicit in a for-profit enterprise. A clinical consulting model that supports the needs of non-medical practitioners in the potential use of stimulant medications is presented. 17 references.

Title: Challenging Automatic Prescription: Listening to Data, Talking with Families, Honoring Client Preferences.
Author(s): Sparks, Jacqueline A.;Duncan, Barry L.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of family psychotherapy : the official journal of the International Family Therapy Association.
v. 19, 1, 2008, p. 36-49
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Printable version (PDF): http://www.talkingcure.com/documents/ChallengingAutoPrescription.pdf
Abstract: In this response to critiques of an article on the increase of anti-depressants and stimulants prescribed to children, the influence and impact of pharmaceutical companies on the medical field is discussed. The need for family therapists to help clients make medical decisions based on a thoughtful, empirically sound, and balanced risk-benefit analysis is stressed. 19 references.

Title: Preventing Child Sexual Abuse: Evidence, Policy and Practice.
Author(s): Smallbone, Stephen.;Marshall, William L.;Wortley, Richard (Richard K.)
Published: 2008
Available from: Willan Publishing
www.willanpublishing.co.uk
Culmcott House
Mill Street, Uffculme
Cullompton, Devon, UK
Abstract: This book on child sexual abuse (CSA) discusses the multiple dimensions of CSA, prevention strategies, and treatment for adult and adolescent offenders. Chapter 1 begins by considering how CSA is defined and key empirical dimensions of CSA, including the characteristics of offenders, the characteristics of victims, and the characteristics of the settings in which CSA occurs. Chapter 2 presents a comprehensive, integrated theory of CSA that proposes that the biological foundations of human social behavior provide a universal potential for both prosocial and antisocial behavior, that male sexuality involves both aggressive and nurturing motivations, and that males can be both to be attracted to youthful sexual partners and to protect children from harm. Chapter 3 reviews current approaches to prevention in CSA, considers the implications of the integrated theory for preventing CSA, and suggests key CSA prevention targets. Chapter 4 outlines the conceptual and empirical foundations of developmental prevention in general, and Chapter 5 considers the role of criminal justice systems in preventing and responding to sexual abuse. The treatment of adult and adolescent offenders is discussed in Chapter 6. Chapters 7 and 8 focus on victim-focused prevention interventions and situational prevention strategies. Chapter 9 outlines the conceptual and empirical foundations of community-focused approaches to crime prevention and considers how these approaches could contribute to CSA prevention. The final chapter summarizes twelve points of focus for primary, secondary, and tertiary preventive actions. Numerous references.

Title: Preparing Effective Contracts in Privatized Child Welfare Systems.
Author(s): McCullough, Charlotte.;Pindus, Nancy.;Lee, Elizabeth.
Published: 2008
Available from: Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE)
http://aspe.hhs.gov/
Room 415F
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
200 Independence Av, SW
Washington, DC 20201
Document available online at: http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/07/CWPI/contracts/index.shtml
Printable version (PDF): http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/07/CWPI/contracts/report.pdf
Abstract: Child welfare privatization is accomplished through contractual agreements between local or state public agencies and private providers. Contracts document an understanding about the service the contractor will offer, the results expected, and the cost. Developing effective contracts is a difficult task and the actual writing of the contract is the last step in a series of steps to procure services. Studies on child welfare privatization initiatives (GAO, 1997; Freundlich & Gerstenzang, 2003) have identified several shortcomings in service contracts reviewed, including a lack of clarity and detail about a range of direct services and activities or, the reverse, excessive detail about requirements that reduce the flexibility and creativity often expected from privatization initiatives. This paper places current contracting issues in a historical context and describes the many important decisions that must be made carefully, and when possible inclusively, with the provider community during the procurement or contract renewal process. The paper provides examples of some of the decisions that must be made during pre-procurement planning to determine basic program components and describes some of the lessons learned about preparing solicitations, selecting bidders, and executing contracts. (Author abstract)

Title: Mental Health Treatment of Infants and Toddlers: Creating an Integrated System of Care for Infants and Toddlers in the Child Welfare System.
Author(s): Orfirer, Kathryn.;Rian, Jill C.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: The Source
v. 18, 1, Fall 2008, p. 1-6
Available from: National Abandoned Infants Assistance Resource Center
http://aia.berkeley.edu
University of California, Berkeley
School of Social Welfare
1950 Addison St., Suite 104
Berkeley, CA 94704
Printable version (PDF): http://aia.berkeley.edu/media/pdf/source_vol18_no1.pdf
Abstract: This article will introduce critical issues in the child welfare system, explore pertinent infant mental health concepts, and then describe a unique model of bringing child welfare and infant mental health together in hopes that others can use elements of this approach. The model was created by the SEED (Services to Enhance Early Development) Program, a collaboration of the Center for the Vulnerable Child (a department at Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland) and the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) of Alameda County. (Author abstract)

Title: Community-Based Treatment Outcomes for Parents and Children Exposed to Domestic Violence.
Author(s): Becker, Kimberly D.;Mathis, Gloria.;Mueller, Charles W.;Issari, Kata.;Atta, Su Shen.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Emotional Abuse.
v. 8, 1/2, 2008, p. 187-204
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This study examined treatment outcomes following a 12-week, community-based group intervention program for children and adults exposed to family violence. The study sample consisted of 106 children between the ages of 3 and 17 (M =8.64, SD= 3.72) and their nonoffending parent. Participants represented diverse ethnic backgrounds, with most reporting some Asian or Pacific Island heritage. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991) and a measure of parenting skills, and counselors completed rating checklists for children and parents before and after the intervention. Results indicated significant improvement for children and parents. Findings point to the potential effectiveness of such community-based programs with multi-ethnic and Asian and Pacific Island youth exposed to domestic violence and their parents. (Author abstract)

Title: Piloting a Community Approach to Healthy Marriage Initiatives in Three Sites : Chicago, Illinois, Boston, Massachusetts, and Jacksonville, Florida.
Author(s): Joshi, Pamela.;Bir, Anupa.;Pilkauskas, Natasha.;Lerman, Bob.
Published: 2008
Available from: United States Administration for Children and Families
http://www.acf.hhs.gov
370 L'Enfant Promenade, S.W.
Washington, DC 20447
Printable version (PDF): http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/opre/strengthen/eval_com/reports/three_sites/three_sites.pdf
Abstract: This report documents the results of implementation research in three of the Office of Child Support Enforcement Community Healthy Marriage Initiative (CHMI) pioneer sites: Boston, Massachusetts, Jacksonville, Florida, and Chicago, Illinois. It focuses on the three initiatives? roles in supporting healthy marriage and child support activities and presents a description and analysis of the early implementation of these waiver demonstrations. In Boston, the Father Friendly Initiative has used the grant funding to expand its services and partners. Their program, called Relationships for Real Life, includes relationship skill enhancement for couples. In Jacksonville, the grant helped the City of Jacksonville and State Child Support to form the Jacksonville Network for Strengthening Families. This community-wide coalition focuses on giving perspective and hope for a positive future using relationship-enhancing training. In Chicago, the Illinois Healthy Relationships and Marriage Initiative, overseen by the Division of Child Support Enforcement, delivers services through WIC centers run by Catholic Charities. For each of the three initiatives, information is provided on organization, implementation, initial operations and services, linkages with other service providers, and participant information. It is concluded that all three sites provide 10-12 hours in training that emphasizes relationship skills and other attributes of successful couples and families, all have a graduation that participants can achieve by attending 10-12 hours of training, and all provide referrals to other agencies. The programs differ in terms of direct support services and scale. 37 tables, 7 figures, and 4 references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Creative Funding Strategies for Youth Permanence: Charts and Definitions.
Author(s): Schmid, Donald L.
Published: 2008
Available from: National Convenings on Youth Permanence
http://www.youthpermanence.org/
Printable version (PDF): http://www.youthpermanence.org/_pdf/materials/mat_2008/cfunding_charts_2008.pdf
Abstract: A pamphlet from the Annie E. Casey Foundation/Casey Family Services that provides definitions of child welfare services and funding streams, as with accompanying charts, that reflect how these streams can support innovative permanency practice. (Author abstract)

Title: Child Support Enforcement and Father Involvement Among Victims of Intimate Partner Violence.
Author(s): Pate, David J.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma
v. 17, 1, 2008, p. 42-58
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: The focus of this article will be intimate partner violence among custodial parents receiving welfare benefits and their required cooperation with the child support enforcement system to encourage the financial involvement of the noncustodial parent. The majority of the mothers in the study encouraged the father's continued emotional involvement with their child despite the violence. This article will illustrate through the use of a case study the desire of these mothers to encourage both a financial and emotional relationship with their child's father, with safety always a priority. (Author abstract)

Title: CLASP Federal Policy Recommendations for 2009 and Beyond: An Overview.
Author(s): Houseman, Alan W.
Published: 2008
Available from: Center for Law and Social Policy
http://www.clasp.org
1015 15th Street NW, Suite 400
Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://www.clasp.org/publications/clasp__fedpolicyrecommendationsfor2009andbeyond.pdf
Abstract: CLASP has developed an extensive federal policy agenda for the next President and Congress directed at improving the lives of low income people. The detailed agenda makes recommendations for changes in policy at all levels of the federal government: the White House, Federal departments and agencies, the budget and appropriations' process, and the law-making process in Congress. This publication provides an overview of our agenda organized into eleven key recommendations. Taken as a whole, the eleven recommendations call for increasing investments in effective programs and funding streams that concretely help children, youth, and families thrive; strengthening and modernizing the nation's safety net; and building supportive pathways for low-income youths and adults to good jobs that sustain families and communities. (Author abstract)

Title: Practice with Children and Their Families: A Specialty of Clinical Social Work.
Author(s): Cunningham, Joyce M.;Booth, Robert A. Jr.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal
v. 25, 5, October 2008, p. 347-365
Available from: Springer
http://www.springer.com/
233 Spring Street
New York, NY 10013
Abstract: This paper focuses on clinical social work practice with children and their families at the expert level, in which the practitioner's proficiency may be measured in terms of competence. The specialist is expected to have attained high levels of expertise in children's developmental stages, in types of problems and disorders, in knowledge of settings, and in intervention approaches and techniques. The paper describes specific knowledge and skills, or competencies, by which the specialist applies theory, principles, and methods to meet the bio-psychosocial needs of children and their families. (Author abstract)

Title: Geographic Location and Social Work Supervision in Child Welfare.
Author(s): Schmidt, Glen.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Public Child Welfare
v. 2, 1, 2008, p. 91-108
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: Although the idea of person in the environment is a dominant paradigm in social work, the concept of environment does not emphasize the idea of geographic location. This qualitative research explores social work supervision of child welfare workers from the perspective of geographic place. Ten supervisors from urban communities and 12 supervisors from northern remote communities were interviewed to assess the challenges, strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities they associated with their work. The northern supervisors commented on a number of factors that they perceived to be different from supervision in an urban setting. (Author abstract)

Title: The Best Interests of the Child: A Silent Standard? Will You Know It When You Hear It?
Author(s): Wayne, Raymie H.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Public Child Welfare
v. 2, 1, 2008, p. 33-49
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: The best interests of the child is a legal standard that affects the lives of many children and families. Using state statutes, case law, and the professional literature, this article argues that the legal standard escapes definition. The consequences of the failure to define the standard are presented, and a research agenda for child advocates is recommended. (Author abstract)

Title: Line Worker, Supervisor, and Manager Perceptions of Supervisory Practices and Tasks in Child Welfare.
Author(s): Clark, Sherrill.;Gilman, Elizabeth.;Jacquet, Susan.;Johnson, Barrett.;Mathias, Chris.;Paris, Rebecca.;Zeitler, Leslie.
Published: 2008
Journal Name: Journal of Public Child Welfare
v. 2, 1, 2008, p. 3-32
Available from: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Abstract: This article reports on the results of the Survey of Supervisory Practices and Roles, which was administered to a representative sample of line workers, supervisors, and managers (n = 1000) in 14 counties in one state to examine the essential roles, practices, and tasks for excellent supervisory practice in child welfare. Significant differences were noted between line workers, supervisors, and managers as to what practices and tasks are essential for excellent supervisory practice. The study suggests a broader definition of supervision than the traditional role of monitoring and accountability. (Author abstract)

Title: [Utah Systems of care]: Title 62A Utah Human Services Code: Chapter 5a Coordinating Council for Persons with Disabilities. Annotations current through 2008 UT 32 (4/25/2008): Utah Code Ann. § 62A-5a-101 (2008).
Published: 2008
Abstract: It is the policy of this state that all agencies that provide services to persons with disabilities: (1) coordinate and ensure that services and supports are provided in a cost-effective manner. It is the intent of the Legislature that services and supports provided under this chapter be coordinated to meet the individual needs of per-sons with disabilities; and (2) whenever possible, regard an individual's personal choices concerning services and supports that are best suited to his individual needs and that promote his independence, productivity, and integration in community life.

Title: Investing in the Future of L.A.'s Most At-Risk Children: Data on Needs and Resources for Preschool Children Involved with Child Welfare and Probation.
Author(s): McCroskey, Jacquelyn.;Nadybal, Becki.
Published: 2007
Available from: Los Angeles County Education Coordinating Council
http://www.educationcoordinatingcouncil.org/
222 South Hill Street, Fifth Floor

Los Angeles, CA 90012
Printable version (PDF): http://www.educationcoordinatingcouncil.org/Documents/Reports/Other%20Reports/ECC%20Early%20Childhood%20Ed%20Data%20Report%20(Final).pdf
Abstract: To better inform future planning and services in the Los Angeles Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS), a study investigated the current and projected caseload of at-risk preschool children. Key findings are described based on analyses of five data sets: data on the total DCFS caseload of all young children under age six served in 2006; data on two cohorts of young children under age six who entered DCFS in fiscal years 2004?05 and 2005?06; data on licensed child care spaces in Los Angeles County provided by the Community Care Licensing Division of the California State Department of Social Services; data from surveys of probation youth on parenting and pregnancy; and data on child care usage by families receiving Women, Infants and Children nutrition services. Findings indicate: many children entering the DCFS system are infants under one year of age who have intensive needs for high-quality child care; all the young children served by DCFS may have enhanced needs for early care and education services, but the concentration of young children in some geographic areas suggests that priority focus should be given to the highest-need communities; and placement patterns for young children in the DCFS system suggest that the highest priority groups for early childhood education and family support services are relative caregivers and families who keep their children at home while receiving family maintenance services. The study also found the current capacity of the county's child care system is already strained in many communities and it will be difficult to find appropriate care for many children. 10 figures.

Title: How To Handle A Child Abuse Case: A Manual for Attorneys Representing Children -- Support Center for Child Advocates Volunteer Training Workshop. Philadelphia November 7, 2007.
Published: 2007
Available from: Pennsylvania Bar Institute
http://www.pbi.org
5080 Ritter Rd.
Mechanicsburg, PE 17055
Abstract: This manual is designed to assist the child advocate in representing child clients in a variety of legal and administrative forums in Philadelphia. The first chapter is a general introduction to the Child Advocates program and practices. It reviews players in the child welfare system, expectations of a Child Advocate lawyer and social worker team, standards and procedures for confidential communications, and the role of the child advocate. Following chapters describe the three types of cases Child Advocates generally handle: dependency, criminal, and domestic relations. Each of the chapters provides a detailed discussion of the law and a guide to practice in these types of cases. Chapter 5 provides a glossary of the many different services available to children and families involved with these cases. Chapter 6 includes a PowerPoint presentation describing the Children's Crisis Treatment Center, and Chapter 7 provides a guide to improving educational opportunities for court-involved youth. Federal legislation addressing children with special needs is reviewed and implications for practices are discussed. The final chapter contains several appendices that include standards of practice for lawyers who represent children in abuse and neglect cases, a protocol for handling cases of older youth, and sample petitions and orders.

Title: [Arizona Systems of Care]
Title 8: Children: Chapter 9: Healthy Families Program: Article 1: General Provisions
Title 36. Public Health and Safety: Chapter 34: Division of Behavioral Health: Article 3: Comprehensive Behavioral Health Service System for Children:
Arizona Revised Statutes : Annotations current through 48th Legislature 2007.
Published: 2007
Abstract: "The healthy families program is established in the department of economic security. The program shall provide services to children under five years of age and members of their families that are designed to prevent child abuse or neglect and to promote child development and wellness. The program also may provide these services to pregnant women and their families."
"The division shall develop and implement a comprehensive behavioral health service system for children whichshall include the following:1. Annual needs assessment and resource assessment studies.2. Annual planning to develop policy issues, programs and services.3. Community education to increase public awareness of the needs of children.4. Centralized and coordinated screening and intake.5. Coordinated case management.6. A continuum of treatment services which may include the following:(a) Home-based services.(b) Prevention and early intervention.(c) Psychological evaluation and consultation.(d) Ancillary support services.(e) Crisis intervention.(f) Outpatient counseling.(g) Independent living services.(h) Secure residential treatment services for seriously emotionally disturbed children.(i) Residential treatment services for children's substance abuse.(j) Psychiatric hospitalization services.7. Evaluation which determines both cost effectiveness and client outcome."

Title: Permanency Planning for Immigrant Youth in Care: Complex Needs, Comprehensive Strategies.
Author(s): Earner, Ilsa.
Published: 2007
Available from: National Association of Social Workers (NASW), New York City Chapter
http://www.naswnyc.org/
50 Broadway, 10th Floor
New York, NY 10004
Document available online at: http://www.naswnyc.org/CSPP/ImmigrantYouth.html
Abstract: This fact sheet presents a brief overview of factors that affect permanency planning for immigrant youth in New York City and recommends resources for those who work with immigrant families and children. Characteristics of immigrant youth are discussed, as well as challenges faced by immigrant youth, reasons immigrant youth come to the attention of child welfare agencies, and strategies child welfare workers can use to assist immigrant youth. 20 references.

Title: Final Progress Report: Research and Evaluation of Child Abuse Prevention Services. Center for Child and Family Adversity at Columbus Children's Hospital. Grant # 90-XA-0104.
Author(s): Scribano, Philip V.
Published: 2007
Available from: Children's Bureau
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/
Administration on Children, Youth and Families
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW, Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Abstract: This final report describes the activities of a federally funded program designed to implement six separate research protocols, including: the ePassport project designed to provide patient-level personal health records for foster care children and youth; urine nucleic acid amplification testing for sexually transmitted infections in sexual abuse patients; evaluation of universal domestic violence screening in child advocacy centers; evaluation of a child's emotional response as a result of the ano-genital examination in suspected sexual abuse; evaluation of the use of mental health services of children referred to trauma specific victim treatment; and the Nurse Family Partnership project. The protocols were implemented and successfully completed or still in active data collection phases of the projects. Problems related to ePassport software production and delivery delays are noted and findings from the project are shared.

Title: Reinforcing the Importance of Attachment for Child Welfare Practice.
Published: 2007
Journal Name: CASCW Practice Notes
19, June 2007, p. 1-8
Available from: Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare
http://ssw.che.umn.edu/cascw/
School of Social Work
205 Peters Hall
1404 Gortner Avenue

St. Paul, MN 55108
Printable version (PDF): http://cehd.umn.edu/SSW/cascw/attributes/PDF/practicenotes/PN_19_Attachment.pdf
Abstract: This issue brief discusses the importance of attachment in child development and the relevance of attachment theory for the case planning and prevention tasks in child welfare. It explains the significance of attachment, the development of the attachment theory, attachment and culture, and how attachment theory provides a framework for understanding and treating the development effects of child abuse and neglect. Strategies for caring for very young children in foster care are provided, as well as answers to questions on assessing attachment and practice implications. Numerous references.

Title: Effective Federal Child Welfare Funding Strategies.
Author(s): Allen, Crystal Ward.
Published: 2007
Available from: Public Children Services Association of Ohio
http://www.pcsao.org/
510 East Mound Street, Suite 200

Columbus, OH 43215
Printable version (PDF): http://www.mystoryproject.org/Funding%20Recommdts%20from%20Leadership%20Grp.pdf
Abstract: In March, 2007, a small but diverse group of child welfare administrators from across the nation convened to consider child welfare finance reform. This brief discusses the principles of finance reform that were identified, including: flexibility, to allow Title IV-E funds to be used for a range of preventive, reunification, post reunification, and post permanency services; fairness, to allow all maltreated children to be eligible for Title IV-E support; permanency, to allow Title IV-E for permanent guardianship subsidies; and performance incentives, to provide a modest federal investment to reward desired outcomes. Key strategies for implementing each of the four principles are described.

Title: Practice Guidelines for Attorneys Practicing in the Dependency Court.
Published: 2007
Available from: Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco
http://www.sfgov.org/site/courts_index.asp
Civic Center Courthouse
400 McAllister Street
San Francisco, CA 94102
Printable version (PDF): http://sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/courts/SO_225.pdf
Abstract: This guide explains practice standards for attorneys practicing in the San Francisco Unified Family Court. It sets forth guidelines organized in the evolution of a normal dependency case. The guidelines address: the general mandate for all attorneys, investigation, detention, discovery, the settlement conference, jurisdictional, disposition, DSR/review hearings, implementation hearings, post PPH hearings, rehearings/writs and appeals, and miscellaneous matters. Within each section, responsibilities are described for attorneys for parents, attorneys for children, the Department of Human Services, defacto parents, and other parties.

Title: Hurricane Katrina Training / Technical Assistance Supplemental Funding Final Report FY 07. Grant 90XW0014.
Published: 2007
Available from: Children's Bureau
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/
Administration on Children, Youth and Families
1250 Maryland Avenue, SW, Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20024
Abstract: This final report describes the activities of the University of Oklahoma National Child Welfare Resource Center for Youth Development (NCWRCYD), a federally funded program that has focused on identifying and coordinating efforts to provide technical support, training, and consultation services to States affected by Hurricane Katrina and States who are hosting Katrina evacuees. Accomplishments in Louisiana and Mississippi are listed and include providing assistance to youth-serving programs to assist with needs assessments and strategic planning to target and rebuild or recreate programs, services, and or records that have been destroyed; coordinating the assistance from Youth Advisory Boards; and coordinating efforts and services needed by affected Runaway and Homeless Youth Shelters and Transitional Living Programs. Specific efforts in Louisiana and Mississippi are then highlighted.

Title: Reasonable Efforts and Court Improvement: Part 1.
Author(s): Edwards, Leonard P.
Published: 2007
Available from: UWTV (University of Washington Television)
http://www.uwtv.org/
Kane Hall, Suite 17
Box 353090, University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
Document available online at: http://www.uwtv.org/programs/displayevent.aspx?rID=26277
Abstract: In this overview of the current juvenile court system, retired judge Leonard P. Edwards, a Judge-in-Residence with the California Administrative Office of the Courts, outlines the types of problems that riddle the current system. Through the use of hypotheticals, various models used around the nation and personal experience, Edwards leads an informative and engaging conversation about the challenges of our state's and nation's juvenile court systems. (Author abstract)

Title: Work after Welfare Reform and the Well-being of Children.
Author(s): Johnson, Rucker C.;Kalil, Ariel.;Dunifon, Rachel E.
Published: 2007
Available from: National Poverty Center
http://www.npc.umich.edu/
Joan and Sanford Weill Hall, Suite 5100
735 S. State Street
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-3091
Printable version (PDF): http://npc.umich.edu/publications/u/Johnson_Kalil_Dunifon_JHR_8_31_07.pdf
Abstract: Using data from five waves of the Women's Employment Survey (WES; 1997-2003), a study examined the links between low-income mothers' employment experiences (n=575) and the emotional well-being and academic progress of their children. Findings indicate robust linkages between several different dimensions of mothers' employment experiences and child outcomes. The pattern of results was found to be remarkably similar across all of the empirical approaches, including hierarchical random effects models with an unusually extensive set of controls, child fixed effect models, and instrumental variables estimates. First, children exhibit fewer behavior problems when their mothers work and experience job stability (relative to children whose mothers do not work). In contrast, maternal work accompanied by job instability is associated with significantly higher child behavior problems (relative to job stability). Children whose mothers work full-time and/or have fluctuating levels of work hours or irregular schedules also exhibit significantly higher levels of behavior problems. However, full-time work has negative consequences for children only when it is in jobs that offer limited potential for wage growth. Such negative consequences are completely offset when this work experience is in jobs that require the cognitive skills that lead to higher wage growth prospects. Finally, fluctuating levels of work hours are also strongly associated with the probability that the child will repeat a grade or be placed in special education. These results suggest that welfare reform when considered more broadly to include the new landscape of employment for low-income mothers, has imposed some risks to children's development. 10 tables and numerous references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: Reasonable Efforts and Court Improvement: Part 2
Author(s): Edwards, Leonard P.
Published: 2007
Available from: UWTV (University of Washington Television)
http://www.uwtv.org/
Kane Hall, Suite 17
Box 353090, University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
Document available online at: http://www.uwtv.org/programs/displayevent.aspx?rID=26278
Abstract: One of the fundamental challenges in improving the juvenile court system lies in how to bring about change. In this program, retired judge Leonard P. Edwards, a Judge-in-Residence with the California Administrative Office of the Courts, discusses the importance of family in revamping the juvenile court system and how to bring about such change despite a multitude of obstacles. See first-hand stories of how a holistic approach can help these families in crisis heal. (Author abstract)

Title: The National Evaluation of the Court Improvement Program (CIP): Synthesis of 2005 Court Improvement Program Reform and Activities. Final Report.
Published: 2007
Available from: Planning and Learning Technologies (Pal-Tech)
http://www.pal-tech.com/
1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1000
Arlington, VA 22209
Printable version (PDF): http://www.pal-tech.com/cip/files/FirstSynthesis.pdf
Abstract: This report provides an update on State implementation of the federal Court Improvement Program (CIP), a program designed to improve court proceedings concerning child welfare cases and continues to evolve as the major vehicle for dependency court reform. It is based on information contained in the fiscal year 2005 annual State program reports submitted to the Children's Bureau, supplemented by discussions with CIP coordinators and other sources. This report provides a synthesis of CIP reforms and activities and groups CIP activities into 12 categories, focusing on the most common examples of reform priorities: improved representation of parties, multidisciplinary training and education, judicial expertise concerning child abuse and neglect, communication and collaboration among court participants, notification and treatment of parties, timeliness and efficiency of the court process, quality of hearings, alternative dispute resolution programs, statewide management information systems, additional research and evaluation, legislation and court rules, and local case tracking. The report also briefly describes some of the contextual issues of the 2005 CIP activities including the relevance of the activities to the State?s Child and Family Services Review program improvement plan. It provides examples of how CIP offices collaborated with State child welfare agencies on the reviews and development and implementation of the program improvement plans. Finally, it presents what State CIP coordinators described as some of their major accomplishments since CIP implementation began.

Title: Investing in the Future of L.A.'s Most At-Risk Children: High-Quality Early Care and Education and Its Impact on Young Children Involved with Los Angeles County's Child Welfare and Probation Departments.
Published: 2007
Available from: Los Angeles County Education Coordinating Council
http://www.educationcoordinatingcouncil.org/
222 South Hill Street, Fifth Floor

Los Angeles, CA 90012
Printable version (PDF): http://www.educationcoordinatingcouncil.org/Documents/Reports/Other%20Reports/ECC%20Early%20Childhood%20Ed%20Report%20and%20Recommendations%20(Final).pdf
Abstract: This report discusses the significant role high-quality child care plays in education, family, and community support, and explains the following three goals developed by the Education Coordinating Council (ECC) and adopted by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors in February 2006: higher numbers of children in the care of the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS), and the children of foster and probation youth, should be enrolled in high-quality early intervention, care, and education programs that are culturally and linguistically responsive; community organizations and county departments should offer increased support and resources to parents, relative caregivers, and foster parents to help them be good nurturers and provide the positive learning environments that will ensure that their children are ready for school; and families, caregivers, and agency staff should pay greater attention to preparing DCFS and probation children and youth for transitions. Activities that have been implemented to reach these goals are listed. The report then explains that systems integration is a key component to the success of ECC goals, and makes recommendations for implementing a unified system of care that fosters the necessary connections between the systems of early care and education and the child welfare system. 4 references.

Title: Aged-Out and Homeless in Philadelphia.
Author(s): Meyers, Kathleen.;White, Tammy.;Whalen, Mary.;DiLorenzo, Paul.
Published: 2007
Available from: Greater Philadelphia Urban Affairs Coalition
http://www.gpuac.org/
1207 Chestnut Street, Suite 700
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Printable version (PDF): http://www.gpuac.org/documents/Aged-OutandHomelessinPhiladelphia.pdf
Abstract: This report discusses the findings of a study that investigated the needs and experiences of youth in Philadelphia who had become homeless after aging-out of the child welfare system. The study sought to identify types of services youth received and the planning process leading to their discharge from care; identify strategies, strengths, weaknesses and gaps in services and planning for this group; determine the needs of young adults who are currently homeless and have been in substitute care at ages 16 or older; and provide specific recommendations for improved services to youth prior to leaving care and in the delivery of services to homeless young adults. The study obtained qualitative data through interviews and focus groups with homeless young adults who had been in Philadelphia's substitute care system (n=77 participants), and through key informant interviews with individuals with vast knowledge of Philadelphia's service system and the needs of homeless young adults (n=16 participants). Additional quantitative data was collected through surveys of homeless young adults who had been in Philadelphia's substitute care system (n=75). Finally, a policy analysis was conducted to assess how federal, State, and local jurisdictions addressed key issues facing this population through laws, regulations and administrative policies. Findings indicate the system in its entirety failed to meet some of the key needs of the vast majority of participant youth. Results from the study are shared in the areas of in-care experiences that impact social-emotional growth, educational attainment, comprehensive, targeted service delivery, independence, transition planning, and discharge from care. It concludes homeless youth who have aged out of DHS care face significant barriers to living independently and experience a poor quality of life. Recommendations for system reform are discussed and strategies are offered to address each finding. Numerous charts and 46 references.

Title: Ready, Set, Go: A Blueprint for Starting a Child Advocacy Organization.
Published: 2005
Available from: Voices for America's Children
http://www.voicesforamericaschildren.org
1000 Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 700
Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://www.voicesforamericaschildren.org/Content/NavigationMenu/Publications/Ready,_Set,_Go_A_Blueprint_for_Starting_a_Child_Advocacy_Organization/ReadySetGo.pdf
Abstract: This guide reviews preliminary factors that should be addressed by individuals creating a child advocacy organization. It provides information on: deciding what kind of child advocacy organization to create and the benefits and disadvantages of different types; forming a Board of Directors and key considerations; IRS tax-exempt status requirements; handling human resources issues such as hiring plans and hiring an executive director; assessing the community and defining the organization's scope and purpose; developing a budget, finding seed money, and securing a strong financial foundation; and strategic planning and action planning. A time-line is also offered for starting a freestanding organization, as well as a brief history of child advocacy. 7 references.

Title: [Puerto Rico Systems of Care] : Title 24 Health and Sanitation; Part VIII Mental Health; Chapter 201A Mental Health Code of 2000; Subchapter 12 Collaborative System. Current Through December 2005. 24 L.P.R.A. § 6163 (2005).
Published: 2005
Abstract: It is hereby acknowledged that the different manifestations of mental problems and disorders, such as domestic vio-lence, crime, delinquency, child abuse, truancy, and the homeless population fall within the responsibility of different government service agencies, which [results in] fragmented attention to the problem. Based on this premise, we estab-lish the importance and urgency to develop interagency collaborative systems to provide integrated and comprehensive services to populations with mental disorders, which, one way or another, are also served or have the right to receive services from other agencies. Profit and non-profit private entities and corporations may collaborate in this effort.

Title: Double Jeopardy: Youth Involved in Dual Systems of Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice.
Published: 2005
Journal Name: CASCW Practice Notes
17, September 2005, p. 1-12
Available from: Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare
http://ssw.che.umn.edu/cascw/
School of Social Work
205 Peters Hall
1404 Gortner Avenue

St. Paul, MN 55108
Printable version (PDF): http://cehd.umn.edu/SSW/cascw/attributes/PDF/practicenotes/pn_805.pdf
Abstract: This brief focuses on the population of youngsters who are dually involved in the Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice systems in Minnesota. It explains that when the mental health screening legislation was enacted by the Minnesota legislature during the 2003 session, an opportunity was created for collaborative work between the two systems dealing with vulnerable children. The legislation directed the two systems to pursue mental health screening to enable the early identification of mental health problems in children in high-risk situations. The brief reviews Minnesota statistics on dual system youth and nationwide trends, the connection between maltreatment and delinquency, and the obligation to screen for mental health problems. The screening instruments used in the two systems are explained, as well as persistent challenges. Findings from a State survey of 36 counties on collaboration between child welfare and juvenile justice are shared, and best practices for working with dual jurisdiction youth are discussed. 8 references.

Title: Standards for Youth Support Services and Agreements.
Published: 2004
Available from: British Columbia Ministry for Children and Families
http://www.gov.bc.ca/mcf/
PO Box 9770 Stn Prov Govt

Victoria, BC V8W 9S5
Printable version (PDF): http://www.mcf.gov.bc.ca/youth/pdf/stand_youth_sup_serv.pdf
Abstract: This document sets out the Canadian Ministry of Children and Family's standards for services to youth. The purpose of the standards is to promote consistent high-quality service to vulnerable youth in need of assistance that includes assessment for and provision of short-term and longer-term support services. These standards reflect a youth-centered approach that focuses on meeting the needs of youth through maximizing their participation in the service process. This approach seeks to build resiliency and self-reliance within youth in need of assistance, while building on the strengths and resources that exist in the youth's family and community. The standards are divided into four sections that address: general standards, including delegation of workers for youth services, aboriginal youth, and case file management; screening, assessment, and short-term supports, including youth service referrals, assessing for and providing short-term supports, assessing for longer-term services, and assessing for youth agreement eligibility; service planning, including longer-term service determination and planning and the development of a family re-integration service plan; and youth agreements, including steps for developing a youth agreement, monitoring a youth agreement, amending and renewing a youth agreement, and terminating a youth agreement. The final standards address the handling of critical injuries and serious incidents.

Title: Staff Screening Tool Kit.
Published: 2004
Available from: Nonprofit Risk Management Center
http://www.nonprofitrisk.org
1001 Connecticut Ave. NW
Suite 410
Washington, DC 20036
Printable version (PDF): http://nationalserviceresources.org/files/legacy/filemanager/download/ProgramMgmt/Staff_Screen_tool.pdf
Abstract: This publication is designed to assist nonprofits in screening paid and volunteer staff. It begins by providing a checklist that organizations can use to design a staff screening process. It reviews the objectives of screening, risks that a staff member may pose to a nonprofit's clientele, organization, and applicants, and techniques for tailoring the screening process to address risk factors. A matrix is provided that illustrates the child sexual abuse risk exposure. Chapter 2 reviews legal issues pertaining to screening and risk management strategies for legal screening, and Chapter 3 discusses the use of position descriptions and selection criteria to select the most qualified individual for a particular vacancy in the nonprofit and eliminate applicants who constitute a possible threat to service recipients, other staff, and to the organization. Chapter 4 focuses on recruitment and applications and discusses the construction of application forms and the kinds of information organizations should require in order to make informed decisions. Chapter 5 presents information about important interview goals, interviewing techniques, and risk management-related questions and issues germane to conducting interviews. The following chapter offers tips on checking references of staff members who will work with vulnerable populations or in other positions of trust within a nonprofit organization. Chapter 7 considers record checks and discusses the kinds of information available, the sources of the information, and applicable laws regarding use of the information. Other screening techniques are covered in Chapter 8, along with their application and misapplications in the screening process. The final chapter discusses how nonprofit organizations can use the various staff screening tools presented to customize a search, including the position descriptions, applications, interviews, reference checks, record checks, and other screening techniques. Chapters include checklists and a Tools section that contains sample forms and other useful information. 26 references.

Title: Follow the Money: A Tool for Mapping Public and Private Funds for After-School Initiatives.
Author(s): Padgette, Heather.
Published: 2002
Available from: Finance Project
http://www.financeproject.org/
1401 New York Avenue, Suite 800
Washington, DC 20005
Printable version (PDF): http://www.statewideafterschoolnetworks.net/dat/fpfollowmoney.pdf
Abstract: This brief describes a tool that policy makers and community leaders can use in their efforts to develop strategic financing plans for after-school initiatives. It explains how to use a funding map to understanding how funds are currently spent in the system, including where funds originate, where they are directed, and what services they support. The map then allows decision makers to analyze current spending, assess whether current spending matches community priorities, and identify gaps in spending that potentially need to be filled with additional public and/or private sources. The tool is organized into two worksheets. The first worksheet aids in the data collection of various funding sources, including identifying information on the administering agency, appropriation level, and type of services supported. The second worksheet helps decision makers begin an analysis of that information, including assessing whether the community is making the best use of dollars already in the system, and if opportunities exist for using current funding sources in different ways. The tool includes step-by-step instructions as well as tips to make the process easier.

Title: What Child Is This?: How Immigration Courts Respond to Unaccompanied Minors.
Author(s): Rahill, Michael F.
Published: 2000
Available from: National Center for State Courts, Institute for Court Management
http://www.ncsconline.org/d_icm/
300 Newport Avenue,
Williamsburg, VA 23185-4147
Printable version (PDF): http://www.ncsconline.org/d_icm/programs/cedp/papers/Research_Papers_2000/Immigration%20Courts%20Minors.pdf
Abstract: A study surveyed the practices of 51 Immigration Courts on the four elements identified by immigration-rights advocates as essential for fair treatment of unaccompanied minors: access to an attorney; access to a personal representative who can act in loco parentis; placement in an appropriate residential facility, not a detention center for delinquents; and a hearing in a child-friendly courtroom setting. The survey indicates that liaison judges heartily endorse the need for legal representation. They are far less convinced of the need for a personal representative, questioning whether the current law would permit such a role. Likewise, although there undoubtedly is great interest in the quality of the residential facilities for unaccompanied minors, custody questions involving unaccompanied minors typically are not raised in Immigration Court. Finally, although most judges make adjustments to courtroom procedures when juveniles are involved, there is limited interest in proposals to transform the courtroom proceeding from a formal hearing into a more casual interview setting. Recommendations are made for improving the handling of cases involving unaccompanied minors. Numerous references. (Author abstract modified)

Title: A Seat at the Table: Toward A National Agenda for Asian Pacific American Children: Proceedings from Children in Need: Asian American and Pacific Islander Children at the Children's Defense Fund National Conference.
Published: 2000
Available from: Coalition for Asian American Children and Families
http://www.cacf.org/
50 Broad Street, 18th Floor
New York, NY 10004
Printable version (PDF): http://www.cacf.org/documents/A_Seat_At_The_Table.pdf
Abstract: In March 2000, over 100 individuals who work with Asian and Pacific American (APA) children and youth across the country came together at the Children's Defense Fund's (CDF) national conference. Recognizing the need to examine APA children's needs and advocacy priorities, CDF held its first special half-day APA session. The Coalition for Asian American Children and Families and the New York office of CDF planned the session with representatives from community-based organizations (CBO) in New York City serving children and families. The opening panel was invited to speak about topics of concern in their region of the country and national implications. Breakout sessions on education, bias crime and violence, poverty, child abuse and neglect, and health followed. In each breakout session, participants were asked to identify and prioritize advocacy opportunities. Chapters in this report present the discussions and recommendations from each breakout session. Despite the diverse and broadly defined topics, several common themes were raised repeatedly. The priorities include: organize youth and parents to speak out for system reform and to participate actively in program planning; hold systems accountable to becoming more responsive to APA community needs; strengthen APA's advocacy ability with better data collection, evaluation, and needs assessments on APAs; develop linkages, networks, and collaborations inside and outside the APA community that maximize resources and expertise; promote cross cultural understanding and realities of living in multicultural society, both inside and outside the APA community; and strive to bring more APAs into education, policy, and health and human service professions. In the area of child abuse and neglect, the need for cultural competency in child welfare services, language specific services, and services for undocumented children are discussed. (Author abstract modified)

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