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> Signs of Different Types of Abuse
Signs of Different Types of Abuse
Find factsheets, reference books, and research on identifying signs of different types of maltreatment and making a differential diagnosis.
Physical abuse
Bruises Literature Review (PDF - 261 KB)
Children and Family Research Center, School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (2002)
Stresses the need for professionals to have structured assessment procedures to adequately address risks to children associated with bruises.
Can the Initial History Predict Whether a Child With a Head Injury Has Been Abused? (PDF - 67 KB)
Hettler & Greenes
Pediatrics, 111(3), 2003
Findings from a study to determine the diagnostic utility of certain historical features for identifying cases of abusive head trauma.
Child Abuse: Medical Diagnosis and Management
Reece & Ludwig (Eds.) (2001)
View Abstract
Provides an overview for professionals of the signs, symptoms, and treatment of various manifestations of child physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect.
Child Physical Abuse
American Humane
Includes information on what to look for if you suspect physical abuse and what you can do.
Differential Diagnosis of Abuse Injuries in Infants and Young Children
Mayer & Burns
The Nurse Practitioner, 25(10), 2000
View Abstract
Explains how and why differential diagnosis provides clinicians with the opportunity to compare injuries that might mimic abuse with actual abuse-related injuries.
Evaluation of Physical Abuse in Children
Pressel
American Family Physician, 61(10), 2000
View Abstract
Tips for family physicians on how to recognize common presentations.
Identification and Treatment of Child Physical Abuse Through Medical and Mental Health Collaborations
Swenson & Spratt
Children's Health Care, 28(2), 2000
View Abstract
Overview of the prevalence, etiology, identification, and common sequelae of child physical abuse, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts between medical and mental health professionals.
Physical Abuse: Accidental Versus Intentional Trauma in Children
Johnson (2002, 2nd ed.)
In The APSAC Handbook on Child Maltreatment
View Abstract
Explains how to differentiate between unintentional injuries and abuse, and advocates for medical professionals to be trained about the patterns of abuse-related injuries.
Shaken Baby Syndrome
American Humane Association (2003)
Describes the common signs and symptoms of this type of physical abuse.
Visceral Injury Manifestations of Child Abuse
Ludwig (2001)
In Child Abuse: Medical Diagnosis and Management
View Abstract
Discusses the most common types of thoracic injuries in abused children, stresses the need for medical professionals to be able to differentiate these injuries from nonabuse causes, and suggests practices to ensure accurate diagnoses.
When Inflicted Skin Injuries Constitute Child Abuse
Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect, American Academy of Pediatrics
Pediatrics, 110(3), 2002
Recommendations that pediatricians identify nonaccidental inflicted skin injuries as abuse and ensure caregivers receive information about effective behavior management strategies.
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Neglect
Child Neglect
American Humane
Includes information on types of neglect and what you can do.
Child Neglect and Abandonment
Joffe (2002)
View Abstract
Provides an overview and framework to help professionals recognize and report incidents and suspicions.
Child Safety and Child Neglect
Holder & Salovitz (2001)
In The CPS Response to Child Neglect: An Administrator's Guide to Theory, Policy, Program Design and Case Practice
View Abstract
Discusses the need for assessments to identify situations in which the child is in immediate danger, as well as whether the threat of harm is emerging.
Neglect: How Poverty of Experience Disrupts Development
Perry (2004)
View Abstract
Video that includes a definition of neglect in terms of sensory-deprivation, or the lack of stimulation at key milestones in development.
Race, Ethnicity and Culture: Impact on Child Neglect Assessment and Response
Thomas (2001)
In The CPS Response to Child Neglect: An Administrator's Guide to Theory, Policy, Program Design and Case Practice
View Abstract
Discusses the importance of cultural factors in making decisions about harm, intervention strategies, and conflicts between cultural beliefs and State law.
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Sexual abuse
Child Sexual Abuse
American Humane
Includes information on what to look for if you suspect sexual abuse and what you can do.
Documentation of Physical Evidence in Child Sexual Abuse
Ricci (2001, 2nd ed.)
In Medical Evaluation of Child Sexual Abuse: A Practical Guide
View Abstract
Discusses the use of photodocumentation as the most reliable method for keeping evidence that led to abuse diagnoses.
Medical Evaluation of Child Sexual Abuse: A Practical Guide
Finkel & Giardino (Eds.) (2002)
View Abstract
An overview for professionals of procedures and guidelines for medical evaluations in cases of suspected child sexual abuse, including definitions, physical examination methods, documentation of physical evidence, forensic evidence collection, and more. Emphasizes the importance of complete medical diagnoses and opinions for prosecution of the offender and protection of the victim from further abuse.
Medical Evaluation of Sexual Abuse in Children Without Disclosed Witnessed Abuse
Bowen & Aldous
Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 153(11), 2000
View Abstract
Study investigates why sexual abuse was suspected in particular cases, what physical findings were present among the children, and if the reasons for requesting medical evaluation varied by referral source.
Medical Findings in Child Sexual Abuse
Finkel & DeJong (2001)
In Child Abuse: Medical Diagnosis and Management
View Abstract
Provides an overview of the medical aspects of child sexual abuse, from diagnosis to treatment, including sample scenarios, considerations for forensic evidence collection and interpretation, and the use of multidisciplinary teams.
Oregon Medical Guidelines for Evaluation of Sexual Abuse in Children and Adolescents (PDF - 1372 KB)
Reichert, Keltner, Reilly, & Skinner (Eds.) (2004, 2nd ed.)
Highlights advancements in evaluation of sexual abuse.
Sex Abuse Trauma? Or Trauma From Other Sources?
Gardner (2002)
View Abstract
Explains a clinical evaluation protocol for determining the source of trauma symptoms, reviews research about the effects, and emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Sexual Behavior and Children: When Is it a Problem and What To Do About It (PDF - 160 KB)
Overlake Hospital Medical Center, Children's Response Center (2006)
Includes information to determine what sexual behavior in children is normal and not normal and ways of correcting sexual misbehavior.
Sexual Development and Sexual Behavior Problems in Children Ages 2-12 (PDF - 251 KB)
National Center on Sexual Behavior of Youth (2004)
Provides basic information and guidelines to distinguish typical sexual behaviors from problematic sexual behaviors.
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Emotional abuse
Child Psychological Maltreatment
Barnett, Miller-Perrin, & Perrin (2005, 2nd ed.)
In Family Violence Across the Lifespan: An Introduction
View Abstract
Considers the dynamics and describes current knowledge about the risk factors, negative effects, and intervention strategies associated with this form of abuse.
Defining Emotional Abuse
Kimball (Ed.) (2003)
In Child and Youth Security Sourcebook
View Abstract
Defines the different forms, including rejecting, degrading, terrorizing, isolating, corrupting/exploiting, and denying emotional responsiveness.
The Effects of Intimate Partner Violence on Children
Geffner, Igelman, & Zellner (Eds.) (2003)
View Abstract
Reviews children's reactions to domestic violence and describes treatment models that address the emotional and behavioral problems associated with witnessing the abuse of a parent.
Emotional Abuse
Hall (2003)
In Protecting Children from Abuse and Neglect in Primary Care
View Abstract
Provides a definition and considers the nature of disturbed relationships; includes the characteristics of parent abusers, the effects of emotional abuse on the developing child, and recognition and assessment.
Emotional Abuse
American Humane
Includes information on identifying and preventing emotional abuse and what you can do.
Intrusive Parenting: How Psychological Control Affects Children and Adolescents
Barber (Ed.) (2002)
View Abstract
Controlling parental behavior is explored within the context of marital relations and the impact on attachment of early parent-child interaction.
Psychological Maltreatment
Hart, Brassard, Binggeli, & Davidson (2002)
View Abstract
Guidelines developed by the American Professional Society on Abuse of Children to identify six types of maltreatment.
When Words Hurt: Investigating and Proving a Case of Psychological Maltreatment
Vieth (2004)
Advises investigators to review the crime scene and collect all relevant evidence, interview parents about their attitudes toward the child, and consult with a therapist knowledgeable about maltreatment.
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