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CWLA National Adoption & Foster Care Training
CWLA National Adoption & Foster Care Training
The following Information Gateway materials were made available at CWLA National Adoption & Foster Care Training held on December 10, 2007 in New Orleans, LA.
About CAPTA: A Legislative History
This document summarizes the legislative history and purpose of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA), the key Federal legislation addressing child abuse and neglect. CAPTA was originally enacted in P.L. 93-247 and was most recently amended and reauthorized on June 25, 2003 by the Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003 (P.L. 108-36).
Adopted Children and Stepchildren: 2000.
The United States Census 2000 included "adopted son/daughter" as a response to describe household relationships for the first time in the survey's history. This report summarizes the characteristics of 2.1 million adopted children and 4.4 million stepchildren of householders as projected by the sample. Age of children, number of children, geographic location, racial origin, disability status, and income status are highlighted. The discussion also notes the race, living arrangement, age, and income status of the householder. Of 45.5 million households that reported children in 2000, 89 percent consisted of biological children only, 3 percent consisted of stepchildren only, 4 percent ...
Adoption Assistance for Children Adopted From Foster Care
In every State there are children with special needs waiting in foster care for adoptive families. The most recent data estimate that 126,000 children are available to be adopted from foster care. In the past, the costs of care and services were major obstacles to parents who would otherwise adopt and love these children, and most were not placed for adoption. The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 provided the first Federal subsidies to encourage the adoption of children from the nation's foster care system. These subsidies, known as adoption assistance, serve to minimize the financial obstacles to ...
Adoption Disruption and Dissolution
This factsheet reports statistics about adoption disruption (before finalization of the placement) and dissolution (after legal finalization). Differences in disruption rates by age of the child and placement history, reasons why disruption and dissolution occur, and disruption and dissolution trends are noted.
The Adoption Home Study Process
This fact sheet describes the types of information that will be collected from prospective adoptive parents during the home study process. The following elements are addressed: autobiographical statement, health statement, income statement, child abuse and criminal clearances, and references. Tips for the interview and home visit also are provided.
Adoption Options
This fact sheet provides basic information about adoption options. It focuses on the choices between domestic and intercountry adoption, domestic infant or foster care adoption, and licensed private agencies, independent adoption, or facilitated/unlicensed agencies. A description of how the placement process will vary for each type of adoption is provided, as is a list of resources.
Adoption Options At-a-Glance
This fact sheet, meant to accompany "Adoption Options: A Fact Sheet for Families," provides basic information about adoption options in a table format. It focuses on the choices between domestic and intercountry adoption, domestic infant or foster care adoption, and licensed private agencies, independent adoption, or facilitated/unlicensed agencies. A description of how the placement process will vary for each type of adoption is provided, including agency oversight, termination of parental rights, child characteristics, cost, and potential wait times.
Adoption : Where Do I Start?
This fact sheet is a "gateway" to the many possible paths to building a family through adoption. It attempts to provide an understanding of the basic steps in any adoption process and a guide to resources at each step. A list of additional resources is provided about general adoption, domestic adoption, foster care adoption, intercountry adoption, kinship adoption, and special circumstances adoption.
Ayuda para la adopción para los niños adoptados del sistema de crianza temporal (Adoption Assistance for Children Adopted From Foster Care)
In every State there are children with special needs waiting in foster care for adoptive families. The most recent data estimate that 126,000 children are available to be adopted from foster care. In the past, the costs of care and services were major obstacles to parents who would otherwise adopt and love these children, and most were not placed for adoption.
Los padres que están considerando adoptar a un niño de manera permanente pueden ser elegibles para recibir una subvención estatal o federal. A medida que crece el número de niños en el sistema de crianza temporal o acogimiento ...
The Basics of Adoption Practice
Adoption is a highly specialized field that focuses on placing children with families and providing services to ensure that these placements are permanent. In recent decades, the emphasis of adoption practice has shifted from helping families find children to finding safe and permanent families for children. Adoption workers are now expected to have extensive knowledge and understanding of the recruitment and assessment of adoptive families, the placement of children with a variety of strengths and needs, and supportive postadoption services to promote attachment and permanency for children. This bulletin provides an overview of the basics of adoption practice and the ...
Best practice/next practice : family-centered child welfare, Spring 2001.
This issue of the biannual newsletter of the National Child Welfare Resource Center for Family-Centered Practice examines differential response systems that customize services to meet the specific situation of each family. The differential or multi-track response system permits workers to direct high-risk families into the investigation process, while low-risk families receive assessment and support without substantiation. Some states have created more than two categories to provide a more tailored response. The newsletter outlines the benefits of the differential response system and describes models implemented in Washington State, Florida, Missouri, Michigan, Louisiana, South Carolina, Virginia, and Minnesota. Lessons learned about assessment, ...
Best practice/next practice : family-centered child welfare, Summer 2002 : father involvement.
Despite research that substantiates the importance of father involvement in children's lives, family-centered child welfare services continue to be oriented toward the child's mother. This newsletter from the National Child Welfare Resource Center for Family-Centered Practice explains how child welfare services can engage fathers in the lives of their children. The articles suggest strategies such as family conferencing, support services, and outreach to fathers in prison or on parole. The findings from research about the positive and negative aspects of father involvement are discussed. Perspectives are offered from a case manager and a father. The newsletter includes an outline of ...
Best practice/next practice : family-centered child welfare, Summer 2003 : mental health in child welfare : a focus on children and families.
Children served by the child welfare system are at high risk for socio-emotional, behavioral, and other mental health problems that complicate the care provided by caseworkers, foster parents, and relative caregivers. This issue of the newsletter of the National Child Welfare Resource Center for Family-Centered Practice describes mental health problems that arise during childhood and adolescence and presents recommendations for screening and treatment. Articles address topics such as resiliency, attachment, the role of foster families in mental health treatment, the types of mental health services that should be offered, cultural competency, and support for parents with mental illness. Barriers to ...
Best practice/next practice : family-centered child welfare, Winter 2002 : trauma and child welfare.
This edition of the biannual newsletter of the National Child Welfare Resource Center for Family-Centered Practice examines the impact of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on children, families, and professionals in the child welfare system. The articles highlight the effects of personal loss, economic recession, and state funding shifts on individuals and families who were under stress before the traumatic event. Emphasis is placed on the ways in which child welfare agencies can plan to address the needs of affected children and parents. Responses from the New York City Administration for Children and Families and foster care agencies across ...
Best practice/next practice : family-centered child welfare, Winter 2004 : mental health in child welfare : a focus on caregivers.
The mental health and emotional well-being of child welfare workers and caregivers have a significant impact on outcomes for children and families. This issue of the newsletter of the National Child Welfare Resource Center for Family-Centered Practice addresses the effects of secondary traumatic stress and the ways in which the child welfare system can support professionals, parents, and other caregivers. The articles describe the responsibilities of caseworkers and the potential for stress, as well as the need for training, limitations on caseloads, and reflective supervision. Strategies for strengthening the skills of parents also are discussed in the context of family ...
Buscando a parientes biológicos (Searching for Birth Relatives)
This information sheet provides contact information for organizations that support searches for birth relatives. The agencies include advocacy groups, registries, and networks for Jewish and Korean adoptive families.
Esta hoja informativa ofrece información para las personas que quieren buscar a sus parientes biológicos. Asimismo, ofrece información a los padres biológicos (tanto las madres como los padres) que quieren localizar a un hijo que fue adoptado. La hoja también ofrece información para enfrentarse a la ansiedad que puede provocar esta búsqueda.
Child Maltreatment 2005
This report summarizes child abuse statistics submitted by states to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) during 2005. See a list of all Child Maltreatment Reports. The data are presented in aggregate and by state, and trends are reported when available. Topics include sources of reports; time for response; victimization rates; types of maltreatment; age, race and gender of victims; age and gender of perpetrators; relationship of perpetrators to the victim; number of child fatalities; types of services provided; and additional research related to child maltreatment. During FFY 2005, an estimated 899,000 children in the 50 ...
Child Welfare Casework With Nonresident Fathers of Children in Foster Care
Most children in foster care are not living with their fathers at the time they are removed from their homes, and once in substitute care, these children may experience even less contact with their nonresident fathers. Yet fathers and their relatives represent half of a child's potential family connections and kin resources. If ignored, important social or financial support for the child may be missed as permanency planning is conducted. Fathers or their relatives may be potential substitute caregivers for the child, may support a reunification plan with child support, respite or other assistance, or may voluntarily relinquish parental rights ...
The Child Welfare-Substance Abuse Connection: A Compendium of Training Curricula and Resources
Substance abuse is a common problem in families reported for child abuse and neglect. However, social service workers often lack the skills to assess families for both risks. This compendium provides abstracts of training curricula developed between 1993 and 2003 for child welfare and substance abuse workers about addiction, child welfare, interagency collaboration, assessment, service provision, and treatment. Other topics include working with children and adolescents, legal processes, and the implications of substance abuse for foster care and adoption. Each profile identifies the intended audience of the curricula, the year of production, cost information, trainer availability, and technical assistance.
Concurrent Planning: What the Evidence Shows
Concurrent planning is an approach that seeks to eliminate delays in attaining permanent family placements for children in the foster care system. This process involves considering all reasonable options for permanency at the earliest possible point following a child's entry into foster care. This issue brief examines examples of and support for concurrent planning across the United States; reports on practices and evaluations of research in recent literature; emphasizes the important roles of court personnel in achieving timely permanence via concurrent planning; illustrates examples associated with the successful planning and implementation of concurrent planning in public agencies; and establishes some ...
Costs of Adopting
This factsheet provides cost estimates for domestic and intercountry adoptions. Agency fees, legal fees, home study expenses, and foreign country expenses are considered. The factsheet also includes information about adoption benefits, such as Federal tax credits, state tax credits, subsidies, and adoption loans and grants. A brief list of additional resources is provided.
El proceso del estudio de hogar para la adopción (The Adoption Home Study Process)
This fact sheet describes the types of information that will be collected from prospective adoptive parents during the home study process. The following elements are addressed: autobiographical statement, health statement, income statement, child abuse and criminal clearances, and references. Tips for the interview and home visit also are provided.
Esta hoja enumera los elementos del estudio socioeconómico al que deben acceder los posibles padres adoptivos. Están incluidas las siguientes secciones: Elementos del estudio del proceso del hogar; el informe del estudio de hogar; y preocupaciones comunes sobre el estudio de hogar. También contiene una sección con preguntas y respuestas.
Foster Parent Adoption
This paper discusses issues related to the increasing importance of foster parents as permanency resources for children in foster care. In order to facilitate adoptions by foster parents, professionals should be knowledgeable about the benefits, costs, and practice issues surrounding foster parent adoption. Practice issues include assessment, adoption preparation and postadoption support, and facilitating ongoing connections with birth families.
Foster Parents Considering Adoption
This factsheet is written for foster parents who are considering adopting a child in their care. It provides information on the differences between foster care and adoption, and explores some of the things for foster parents to consider when making the decision about whether to adopt a child in their care. Additional topics discussed include: trends in foster parent adoption, benefits of foster parent adoption for all involved, characteristics of foster families who successfully adopt children in their care, and characteristics of foster families whose adoptions failed. Resources are provided.
Helping Your Foster Child Transition to Your Adopted Child
There are a number of ways to help foster children make the emotional transition from being "a ward of the State or the Court" to being "a son or daughter" of foster/adoptive parents. This fact sheet describes specific things families can say and do to help foster children transition, including: talking with children about the changes, engaging in activities to help children understand their own history and background and the reasons why they cannot live with their birth family, helping children adjust to these losses, and helping children transfer their attachments to the foster/adoptive family. Additionally, families will need to ...
How the Child Welfare System Works
The child welfare system is a group of services designed to promote the well-being of children by ensuring safety, achieving permanency, and strengthening families to successfully care for their children. Child welfare systems are complex, and their specific procedures vary widely by State. The purpose of this factsheet is to give a brief overview of the purposes and functions of the child welfare system from a national perspective. It discusses what happens when a report of possible abuse or neglect is made, what happens when a report is screened in, and what happens in substantiated cases. It also discusses what ...
How Many Children Were Adopted in 2000 and 2001?
The purpose of this report is to estimate the number of children adopted in each of the States for 2000 and 2001 and to use these numbers to estimate the composition and trends of all adoptions in the United States. Key findings, presented in How Many Children Were Adopted in 2000 and 2001?-Highlights (http://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/s_adoptedhighlights.cfm), include: (1) In 2000 and 2001, about 127,000 children were adopted annually in the United States; (2) Public agency and intercountry adoptions account for more than half of alladoptions; (3) Adoptions through publicly funded child welfare agencies accounted for two-fifths of all adoptions; (4) Intercountry adoptions ...
How Many Children Were Adopted in 2000 and 2001? -- Highlights
This factsheet presents highlights from the National Adoption Information Clearinghouse's full report on How Many Children Were Adopted in 2000 and 2001? The purpose of this report is to estimate the number of children adopted in each of the States for 2000 and 2001 and to use these numbers to estimate the composition and trends of all adoptions in the United States. Key findings are summarized. 2 references.
Impact of Adoption on Adopted Persons
As discussion of the adoption process becomes more open and accepted in American society, and as more Americans have experience with adoption, there is also more attention focused on those involved in adoption -- the adopted person, the birth parents, and the adoptive parents (often referred to as the adoption triad or, more recently, the adoption constellation). People who have experienced adoption firsthand are coming forward to talk or write about their experiences, and researchers are conducting scientific studies to find out about the impact of adoption on all members of the adoption triad. This factsheet examines the impact of ...
Impact of Adoption on Birth Parents
This factsheet discusses some of the emotional issues that parents face after making the decision to place an infant for adoption, in surrendering the child, and in handling the feelings that often persist afterwards. In addition, it addresses some of the emotional issues of parents whose children are permanently removed from them and whose parental rights are terminated. This factsheet may be a helpful resource for birth parents, as well as family members, friends, and others who want to support birth parents. It may also provide some insight to adopted persons and adoptive parents who want to understand the struggles ...
Intercountry Adoption : Where Do I Start?
The number of Americans adopting children from other countries is growing. According to the U.S. Department of State, 22,728 children received visas in 2005 to come to the United States for adoption. In 1990, only about 7,000 children received these visas. This factsheet provides an overview of the steps involved in any intercountry adoption. Your process will vary depending on your State, your agency, and the country from which you adopt. In every case you must meet the basic requirements of U.S. immigration law.
Kinship Caregivers and the Child Welfare System
Informal and formal kinship care arrangements help to ensure stability and protection for children within their extended family. This fact sheet describes the benefits of kinship care as a child protection alternative and examines the agency's responsibility for the placement. The placement decision-making process, what to expect from the child welfare service and court system, and financial support, available services, and permanency planning are discussed. Questions for new kin caregivers to ask and a list of additional references are provided.
Military Families and Adoption
This bulletin explains the benefits of using military families as adoptive resources for children. It discusses the challenges in working with military families, ways these challenges have been overcome, and provides a list of resources and organizations that support families in their adoption pursuits.
Military Families and Adoption
Common questions about adoption of children by military personnel and their families are addressed in this factsheet. Topics include: resources for information about state laws, what to expect during the home study and the impact of deployment on the process, leave time, and cost. Postadoption services and medical benefits for adopted children also are discussed.
Obtaining Background Information on Your Prospective Adopted Child
This fact sheet explains why it is important to obtain background information about a prospective child. It discusses where a family might find background information, what questions to ask about the child's medical, family, social, and placement history, and why information may not be available. It includes a list of resources for more information.
Online State Statutes Series
This flier provides an overview of the Online State Statutes Series available from Child Welfare Information Gateway. It lists the 36 titles available in the Series in the categories of Child Abuse and Neglect, Child Welfare, and Adoption and provides information on how to access the online database.
Opciones para la adopción (Adoption Options)
This fact sheet provides basic information about adoption options. It focuses on the choices between domestic and intercountry adoption, domestic infant or foster care adoption, and licensed private agencies, independent adoption, or facilitated/unlicensed agencies. A description of how the placement process will vary for each type of adoption is provided, as is a list of resources.
Esta hoja informativa da a conocer las diferentes opciones para dar a un niño en adopción. Se discuten la adopción nacional, la adopción temporal, las adopciones por medio de una agencia privada certificada, las adopciones independientes y otros tipos de arreglos existentes. También ...
Openness in Adoption
This fact sheet defines open adoption, including information about the laws regarding open adoption and research findings about the effects of open adoption on the adoption triad. It discusses implications for agency policy around adoption openness, foster care adoptions, and when open adoption may not be in the child's best interest. It includes a list of useful web sites, books and articles for both families and professionals, and the pros and cons of each type of adoption (confidential, mediated, and open).
Openness in Adoption
This factsheet describes the benefits of postadoption contact with birth parents and reviews considerations for determining the degree of openness that is most appropriate for the child. It suggests that adoptive parents consult Internet websites, books, counselors, and other parents when making decisions about open adoption. The factsheet includes a chart of the advantages and disadvantages of confidential adoptions, mediated adoptions, and open adoptions.
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy With At-Risk Families
Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) is a family-centered treatment approach demonstrated effective for abused and at-risk children ages 2½ to 12 and their parents or caregivers. This issue brief explores the characteristics and benefits of PCIT to help child welfare caseworkers, other professionals who work with at-risk families, and caregivers make more informed decisions about family participation in PCIT programs. It includes information about what makes PCIT unique, key components, effectiveness, and what to look for in a PCIT therapist.
Persons Seeking to Adopt
Most Americans favor adoption, and many have at some point considered adoption. However, relatively few have taken concrete steps toward adopting a child, and fewer still have actually adopted a child. This factsheet examines some of the more recent statistics and trends regarding American adults who seek to adopt an infant or child.
Postadoption Services
All adopted children and their families can potentially benefit from services provided after the adoption is finalized. These services may include educational and informational services, clinical services, material services, and/or support services. This bulletin addresses: who benefits from postadoption services, how can postadoption services help, what postadoptive services do families need, what postadoptive services do States offer, how are postadoption services delivered, how are postadoption services funded, why evaluate postadoption services, what are the implications for practice, and what future research is needed This bulletin specifically focuses on the benefits for adopted people and adoptive parents. Includes resources.
Postadoption Services
It is common for adoptive families to need support and services after adoption. Postadoption services can help families with a wide range of issues. They are available for everything from learning how to explain adoption to a preschooler, to helping a child who experienced early childhood abuse, to helping with an adopted teen?s search for identity. Experience with adoptive families has shown that all family members can benefit from some type of postadoption support. Families of children who have experienced trauma, neglect, or institutionalization may require more intensive services.
Post-Legal Adoption Services For Children with Special Needs and Their Families : Challenges and Lessons Learned
With the goal of expanding and enhancing services to adoptive families of children with special needs, post-legal adoption services have been established in annual adoption discretionary grant announcements. Under that priority area in 1998, 15 3-year grants were awarded to increase permanency and well-being for children with special needs by preventing adoption disruption, dissolution, or out-of-home placement. This briefing paper synthesizes the final reports of those 15 projects. The projects targeted post-legal adoptive families and their children with special needs, pre-adoptive families, single adoptive parents, transracial adoptive families, kinship families. Core services included parent support and educational groups, children s ...
Providing Background Information to Adoptive Parents
This bulletin explains the importance of providing background information about a child to prospective adoptive parents so that they can be prepared to address the child's emotional, health, and behavioral needs. The briefing describes the liability of agencies in cases of wrongful adoption and identifies the types of information that families should receive. Issues regarding sensitive information and right to privacy also are discussed.
Respite Care Services for Families Who Adopt Children with Special Needs: Synthesis of Demonstration Program Final Reports
This report synthesizes information from the final program and evaluation reports of 8 Adoption Opportunities discretionary grants programs written between 1994 and 1999. It summarizes project descriptions, lessons learned, accomplishments, and recommendations. An appendix includes project information for each of the 8 projects, including contact information, area served, target population, and evaluation activities.
School-Based Child Maltreatment Programs: Synthesis of Lessons Learned
The Office on Child Abuse and Neglect awarded several grants during Fiscal Year 1997 to programs that utilized school resources for the prevention and treatment of child abuse and neglect. The three-year demonstration projects focused on collaboration between child protection agencies and school systems; education for parents, teachers, and children about child abuse and neglect; and the involvement of school staff in prevention and intervention. This report summarizes the service approaches and lessons learned by 11 demonstration programs as noted in their final reports. The projects found that training was effective in enhancing knowledge about the signs of child abuse ...
Screening and Assessment for Family Engagement, Retention and Recovery (SAFERR)
This guidebook presents the SAFERR (Screening and Assessment for Family Engagement , Retention, and Recovery) model for helping staff of public and private agencies to families affected by substance use disorders. SAFERR was developed in response to frequent requests from managers of child welfare agencies for a "tool" that caseworkers could use to screen parents for potential substance use disorders in order to make decisions about children's safety. (Author abstract, modified)
Searching for Birth Relatives
The purpose of this factsheet is to provide some guidance on the search process and information access, as well as resources for further help in conducting a successful search. This factsheet is designed to address the concerns of both adopted persons who are searching for birth parents or other birth relatives, as well as birth parents (both mothers and fathers) who want to locate a child who was adopted. While not a complete "how to" guide to searching, this factsheet provides information on the decision to search, steps in the search process, hiring a professional searcher, international searching, and reunion ...
Selecting and Working With an Adoption Therapist
Adoption has a lifelong impact on those it touches, and members of adoptive families may want professional help as concerns arise. Timely intervention by a professional skilled in adoption issues often can prevent concerns from becoming more serious problems. Professionals with adoption knowledge and experience are best suited to help families identify connections between problems and adoption and to plan effective treatment strategies. Sometimes a difficulty that a child is experiencing can be directly linked to adoption, but sometimes the connection is not readily apparent. In other situations, issues that seem on the surface to be related to adoption turn ...
Sibling Issues in Foster Care and Adoption
This bulletin explores research, intervention strategies, and resources to assist professionals in preserving connections among siblings placed in foster care. The importance and benefits of placing siblings together is discussed, and strategies are offered for addressing the barriers that often keep siblings apart. Ways to maintain sibling connections among siblings living in different homes are also described. A final section provides articles, curricula, sample State policies, and more resources to help professionals.
Stay Connected to Adoption Information
Child Welfare Information Gateway promotes the safety, permanency, and well-being of children and families by connecting adoption and other child welfare professionals to information and resources that help them address the needs of children and families in their communities. This flier highlights the resources and services that Child Welfare Information Gateway offers.
Tribal-State Relations
Both the United States Congress and Tribal governments have articulated the importance of protecting the safety, permanency, and well-being of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) children. Through the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) of 1978, Congress stated ". . . that there is no resource that is more vital to the continued existence and integrity of Indian tribes than their children" (25 U.S.C. Sec. 1901). Congress goes on to further assert that "it is the policy of this Nation to protect the best interests of Indian children and to promote the stability and security of Indian Tribes and families by the ...
Understanding Adoption Subsidies: An Analysis of AFCARS Data. Final Report.
| Author(s): |
United States. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation., Research Triangle Institute.
Dalberth, Gibbs, Berkman |
| Availability: |
View Publication
Printable Version (PDF - 1410 KB)
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| Year Published: |
2005 - 58 pages |
Adoption subsidies are perhaps the single-most powerful tool by which the child welfare system can encourage adoption and support adoptive families. Yet little is known about the factors associated with the receipt and amount of subsidies. Data from the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) offer an opportunity to examine how states use adoption subsidies to help achieve goals of permanency and well-being for children. Of particular interest to this study are patterns of subsidy receipt, the role of federal support for adoption subsidies under Title IV-E, and the relationship between adoption subsidies and adoption outcomes, including ...
Understanding Foster Parenting: Using Administrative Data to Explore Retention. Final Report.
This study was designed to extend current understanding of foster parent retention by producing unbiased estimates of length of service and examining factors associated with licensure, provision of care, and length of service. The study used administrative data, applying data management and analytic methods that have been used to describe the length of stay for children in foster care. Principal research questions include: How have the characteristics of foster parents changed over time? How can variations in activity levels be described, and what foster parent characteristics are associated with varying activity levels? What is the typical length of service for ...
Understanding Substance Abuse and Facilitating Recovery: A Guide for Child Welfare Workers
This publication is intended for front line child welfare staff. It discusses the relationship of alcohol and drugs to families in the child welfare system; provides information on the biological, psychological, and social processes of alcohol and drug addiction to help staff recognize when substance abuse is a risk factor in their cases; describes strategies to facilitate and support alcohol and drug treatment and recovery; and explains the benefits of partnering with substance abuse treatment and dependency court systems to improve outcomes for c |
